题目内容

China is going green．In order to reduce air pollution and oil-shortages, car makers have announced their plans to develop hybrid（混合燃料）cars for the Chinese market．Toyota’s hybrid car Prius will be ready to drive in China this week．Let’s have a look at the new car.

Any vehicle is a hybrid car when it combines two or more sources of power．Hybrid cars have special engines, which are smaller than traditional gasoline engine．They run at 99 percent of their power when the car is going at a steady speed． A specially designed battery motor provides extra power for running up hills or when extra speed-up is needed．

Step into a Prius, and turn on the engine．The first thing you notice is how much quieter it is than a traditional car．At this point, the car’s gasoline engine is at rest．The electric motor will provide power until the car reaches about 24 kilometers per hour．If you stay at a low speed, you are effectively driving an electric car, with no gasoline being used, and no waste gas gives off.

The computer makes the decision about when to use a gas engine, when to go electric, and when to use a combination of the two．If you go over 24 kilometers per hour, when you step on the gas, you are actually telling the computer how fast you want to go.

The electronic motor recharges automatically using a set of batteries．When driving at a high speed, the gasoline engine not only powers the car, but also charges the batteries.

Any time you use the brake, the electric motor will work like a generator（发电机）and produce electricity to recharge the batteries．As a result, the car’s batteries will last for around 200,000 miles.

1.Which of the following pictures can show how the power system of Prius works correctly?（W—Wheel of the car, E.M—electric motor, G.E—gasoline engine, C—computer, B—batteries）

A．

B．

C．

D．

2.What is the most important characteristic of hybrid cars?

A． They are powered by both a rechargeable battery and gasoline.

B． They have smaller engines than traditional gasoline ones.

C． They use only 99 percent of their power to run up hills.

D． They are much quieter than traditional cars.

3.We can know from the report that ___________.

A． the batteries can be recharged at any time you want

B． using the brake suggests that the gasoline engine should work

C． the gasoline engine charges the batteries as well as powering the car

D． the car’s batteries will last for around 200,000 miles without being recharged

4.The author writes this passage mainly to ___________.

A． announce plans to develop hybrid cars for the Chinese market

B． let people know how to save their gasoline when driving a car

C． teach people how to drive a hybrid car

D． introduce a new kind of “green” car

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For centuries, medical pioneers have refined a variety of methods and medicines to treat sickness, injury, and disability, enabling people to live longer and healthier lives.

“A salamander (a small lizard-like animal) can grow back its leg. Why can't a human do the same?” asked Peruvian-born surgeon Dr. Anthony Atala in a recent interview. The question, a reference to work aiming to grow new limbs for wounded soldiers, captures the inventive spirit of regenerative medicine. This innovative field seeks to provide patients with replacement body parts. These parts are not made of steel; they are the real things --- living cells, tissue, and even organs.

Regenerative medicine is still mostly experimental, with clinical applications limited to procedures such as growing sheets of skin on burns and wounds. One of its most significant advances took place in 1999，when a research group at North Carolina’s Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine conducted a successful organ replacement with a laboratory-grown bladder. Since then, the team, led by Dr. Atala, has continued to generate a variety of other tissues and organs 一 from kidneys to ears.

The field of regenerative medicine builds on work conducted in the early twentieth century with the first successful transplants of donated human soft tissue and bone. However, donor organs are not always the best option. First of all, they are in short supply, and many people die while waiting for an available organ; in the United States alone, more than 100,000 people are waiting for organ transplants. Secondly, a patient’s body may ultimately reject the transplanted donor organ. An advantage of regenerative medicine is that the tissues are grown from a patient’s own cells and will not be rejected by the body’s immune system.

Today, several labs are working to create bioartificial body parts. Scientists at Columbia and Yale Universities have grown a jawbone and a lung. At the University of Minnesota, Doris Taylor has created a beating bioartificial rat heart. Dr. Atala’s medical team has reported long-term success with bioengineered bladders implanted into young patients with spina bifida (a birth defect that involves the incomplete development of the spinal cord). And at the University of Michigan, H. David Humes has created an artificial kidney.

So far, the kidney procedure has only been used successfully with sheep, but there is hope that one day similar kidney will be implantable in a human patient. The continuing research of scientists such as these may eventually make donor organs unnecessary and, as a result, significantly increase individuals'chances of survival.

1. In the latest field of regenerative medicine, what are replacement parts made of?

A. Cells, tissues and organs of one’s own.

B. Rejected cells, tissues and organs.

C. Donated cells, tissues and organs.

D. Cells, tissues and organs made of steel.

2.What have scientists experimented successfully on for a bioartificial kidney?

A. Patients. B. Rats. C. Soldiers. D. Sheep.

3.Why is generative medicine considered innovative?

A. It will strengthen the human body’s immune system.

B. It will provide patients with replacement soft tissues.

C. It will make patients live longer with bioartificial organs.

D. It will shorten the time patients waiting for a donated organ.

4.What is the writer’s attitude towards regenerative medicine?

A. Doubtful. B. Reserved. C. Positive. D. Negative.

Last spring, members of Alaska’s Troop 34, based in Fairbanks, trudged (跋涉) out into the snowy wilderness to take part in their state’s Take a Kid Trapping program. In many parts of the state, beavers （海狸）are pests and need to be controlled.

The 10－to－12－year－old girls found out where beavers lived, set traps, and skinned the two animals they caught. The girls hope to catch ten more beavers so that the entire troop can make mittens and hats with the fur. They also want to cook beaver meat.

Troop leaders and members say the Scouts are doing a good deed by helping control the state’s beaver population. But animal－rights activists say trapping is cruel. They want the Girl Scouts to stop in their tracks.

Beavers aren’t only causing a problem in Alaska. Residents in Sampson County, N.C. , have turned to a local committee to help them battle the growing beaver population there.

County landowners are frustrated after the county spent more than $ 50,000 in eight years trying to reduce the beaver population through a government program. The joint state and federal program included paying money to trappers for every beaver carcass they trapped.

Many local residents say that the program didn’t work because there were too few trappers. That’s why the county set up its own committee to investigate other ways to control the area’s beaver population.

The county will rely on its own beaver－trapping program. It has hired a trapper to set traps in various areas. The county will pay $10 for every beaver carcass.

Why do many people say that beavers are a nuisance? For beavers to survive, they need lots of water. Water provides the large rodent （啮齿动物）with a place to hide from meat – eating animals. Beavers also store food underwater for the winter. When there’s not enough water in a particular area, beavers get busy building dams.

Beaver dams can cause major flooding and damage to the surrounding countryside as the animals cut down trees to use in their construction projects. Beavers build canals to transport heavy objects.

1.What is Alaska’s Troop 34?

A．A team of the Boy Scouts. B．An army.

C．A team of the Girl Scouts. D．A sports team.

2.Why does the troop hope to catch ten more beavers?

A．To fulfill their task.

B．To sell them for money.

C．To get enough fur.

D．To exchange them for mittens and hats.

3.Which of the following statements is true?

A．Sampson County has to find a new way to control the beaver population there.

B．The government program in Sampson County has proved to be a success.

C．The local government has controlled the number of beavers in the County.

D．More and more trappers now start to set traps in Sampson County.

4.Local residents hate beavers because they can ___________.

A．cause damage to dams

B．block up canals with heavy objects.

C．do great harm to construction projects.

D．badly damage the environment and cause floods.

Being Authoritative (由权威的) Parents

Phrases like “tiger mom” and ‘‘helicopter parent” have made their way into everyday language．Many of us find ourselves drawn to the idea that with just a bit more parental hard work and effort, we might turn out children with bright futures．But is there anything wrong with a kind of “overparenting style”?

Parental involvement has a long history of being studied． Many of the studies, conducted by Diana Baumrind, a famous psychologist at the University of California, Berkeley, have found that a good parent is the one who is involved and reacts to her child in a positive way, who sets high expectations but gives her child independence．These “authoritative parents” appear to hit the sweet spot of parental involvement and generally raise children who do better academically, psychologically and socially than children whose parents are not strict and less involved, or controlling and more involved． Why is this parenting style so successful?

Authoritative parents actually help improve motivation in their children．Carol Dweck, a social psychologist at Stanford University, has done research that indicates why authoritative parents raise more motivated children．In a typical experiment, Dr．Dweck takes young children into a room and asks them to solve a simple puzzle．Most do so with little difficulty．But then Dr．Dweck tells some, but not all, of the kids how clever they are．As it turns out, the children who are not told they’re smart are more motivated to solve increasingly difficult puzzles．They also show higher levels of confidence and show greater progress in puzzle-solving．

As the experiment suggests, praising children’s talents and abilities seems to shake their confidence．Dealing with more difficult puzzles carries the risk of losing one’s status as “smart”．Dr．Dweck’s work strongly supports that of Dr．Baumrind, who also found that reasonably supporting a child’s independence and limiting interference (干涉) causes better academic and emotional results．

The central task of growing up is to develop a sense of self that is independent and confident．If you treat your young child who is just learning to walk as if she can’t walk, you reduce her confidence．Allowing children to make mistakes is one of the greatest challenges of parenting．It is easier when they are young．The potential mistakes carry greater risks, and part of being a parent is reducing risk for our children．

1.According to the passage, a “tiger mom” ______．

A． helps her children realize their dreams

B． speaks her children’s everyday language

C． places reasonable expectations on her children

D． pays close attention to her children’s experiences

2.It is implied that controlling style of parenting may _____．

A． face more challenges of children

B． foster independence in children

C． cause more problems in children

D． lead to children’s academic success

3.The example of the children doing the puzzles suggests that ______．

A． a good game plays a big role in training young minds

B． overpraising makes children less motivated and confident

C． puzzle-solving can give children the motivation they need

D． bright children usually show less confidence in difficult games

4.The last paragraph tells us that ______．

A． children should not be given much freedom

B． parents should not increase the risk of challenging

C． parents should allow their children to learn from mistakes

D． children should correct mistakes with the help of their parents

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中（A、B、C和D），选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Eventually all suns will their fuel, explode and then become cold and dark．Matter itself will disappear and the universe will become for the rest of time．

This was the general drift of my thoughts as my wife and I my eldest son as a freshman at college．That moment at the dorm is at the kindergarten door, at the gates of summer camp, at every occasion of parting and ．But it comes surprising, taking what you most．

Our ancestors thought this parting should take place ．In many societies adolescents were sent away to live with friends or relatives right after adolescence．This was supposed to the conflicts that come from teenagers and their parents very near．

Eighteen years is not enough．The days pass uncounted, until they ．The adjustment is upsetting．My son is on the side --- observant, thoughtful, a practitioner of companionable silence．I know this is hard on him as well．He will be homesick．Among the greatest of college students is they won’t have a room at home to return to．

But with due respect to my son’s feelings, I have the of parting．I know something he doesn’t --- incomprehensible to the young．He is experiencing the that come with beginnings．His life is starting for real．I have begun the long letting go．Put another way: He has a wonderful future in which my part decreases．

I’m sure my father realized it at a(n) moment．And I certainly didn’t notice or understand．At first, he was a giant who held my hand and my sky．Then a middle-aged man who paid my bills．Now, decades after his passing, a much-loved ．But I can remember the last time I hugged him in his home, where I always had a room．I can only hope to leave my son the same．

My son, those days have been the greatest wonder and of my life．And there will always be a for you．

1.A． add B． use C． consume D． supply

2.A． empty B． boundless C． expanding D． hopeless

3.A． dropped out B． dropped off C． dropped in D． dropped back

4.A． delayed B． implied C． missed D． captured

5.A． reliance B． importance C． responsibility D． independence

6.A． wonder B． need C． value D． miss

7.A． before B． later C． afterwards D． earlier

8.A． minimize B． cause C． manage D． settle

9.A． drawing B． relating C． housing D． seating

10.A． come B． end C． break D． start

11.A． excited B． sad C． anxious D． quiet

12.A． fears B． pities C． reliefs D． pains

13.A． better B． pleasure C． worse D． benefit

14.A． comprehension B． recognition C． adjustment D． consideration

15.A． naturally B． sharply C． immediately D． suddenly

16.A． difficult B． critical C． important D． similar

17.A． filled B． cleared C． clouded D． broke

18.A． breadwinner B． shape C． guard D． shadow

19.A． pressure B． privilege C． substitute D． inspiration

20.A． house B． chance C． room D． dream

Take your time—it’s just _____ short distance from here to _____ restaurant.

A． /; the B． a; the C． the; a D． /; a

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Many theories regarding the causes of juvenile delinquency（crimes committed by young people）focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence．Theorieson the individual suggest that childrencriminal behavior before they were not sufficientlyfor previous misbehaviors or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others．Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes into their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status or as a rejection of middle-class values.

Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children fromfamilies，the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes．The latter may commit crimes for lack of adequate control from parents．All，however，are uncertain or unimproved and are of course challenged with criticism.

Changes in the social structure may indirectlyjuvenile crime rates．For example，changes in the economy thatto fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain．This results inamong youths and may inlead more youths into criminal behavior.

Families have also experiencedthese years．More families consist of one parent households or two working parents；，children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family．This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates．Other noticeableof offensive acts includeexperience or failure in school，theavailability of drugs and alcohol，and the growing phenomenon of child abuse and child neglect．All these conditions tend to increase theof a child committing a criminal act，a direct cause and effect relationship has not yet been established.

1.A． centering B． depending C． figuring D． concerning

2.A． refer to B． know about C． engage in D． learn of

3.A． punished B． forgiven C． forgotten D． excused

4.A． return B． contact C． reference D． response

5.A． respected B． cultivated C． disadvantaged D． immigrated

6.A． considering B． ignoring C． highlighting D． believing

7.A． values B． misbehaviors C． criminals D． theories

8.A． affect B． reduce C． prevent D． reflect

9.A． point B． lead C． come D． add

10.A． in general B． on average C． by contrast D． at last

11.A． discomfort B． dissatisfaction C． dishonesty D． discrimination

12.A． case B． short C． turn D． return

13.A． failure B． miseries C． development D． changes

14.A． contrarily B． consequently C． similarly D． occasionally

15.A． education B． concept C． structure D． economy

16.A． suggestions B． causes C． ideas D． reports

17.A． smooth B． favorable C． unfavorable D． practical

18.A． increasing B． restricted C． reasonable D． popular

19.A． knowledge B． aspect C． strength D． probability

20.A． since B． although C． as D． because

When Kerry and Sam met again two years later， each was pleased to see ____．

A． the other B． others

C． another D． other

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（ 1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

For more than six million American children, coming home after school means 1.(come) to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by watching TV. Some may hang out outside.2.all of them have something in common. They spend part of each day alone. They 3.(call) latchkey children---they are children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad situation has become a subject of concern.

A headmaster of an elementary school said that there was a school rule against wearing jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys4.(attach). He was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys5. he slowly learned were house keys.

He began talking to the children who had them. Then he learned the influence working couples and single parents were having 6. their children. Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own 7.(safe).

The most common way latchkey children deal with this is by hiding. It might be in a bathroom, under a bed 8.in a closet. The second is TV. They’ll watch it with the volume turned up high. Most parents don’t realize9.(it) effect on their children and most parents are slow to admit the fact10. they leave their children alone.

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