题目内容

9．What makes us happy？
There has long been a opinion that money buys happiness．However，although"we really，really tried that for a couple of generations，it didn't work，"said Francine Jay，author of The Joy of Less，A Minimalist Living Guide：How to Declutter，Organize，and Simplify Your Life．
Thanks to a travel-inspired revelation （启发），Jay has been happily living a simpler life for 12years．"I always packed as lightly as possible，and found it exhilarating （令人高兴的）to get by with just a small carry-on bag，"she told CNN．"I thought if it feels this great to travel lightly，how amazing would it be to live this way？I wanted to have that same feeling of freedom in my everyday life．"
Jay decided to get rid of all her excess （额外的）possessions and live with just the essentials．"I wanted to spend my time and energy on experiences，rather than things．"
Jay is a follower of a movement called"minimalism （极简主义）"．Growing numbers of people have been attracted to this lifestyle all over the world．They share the same feeling of disappointment with modern life and a desire to live more simply．Minimalists are typically progressive and concerned about the environment，Leah Watkins，a lead researcher at Otago University in New Zealand，told Stuff magazine in March．
But many simply experienced unhappiness caused by owning too many possessions．Depression with the materialism of our world isn't new．English romantic poet William Wordsworth summed up how dispiriting this was back in 1802，at the beginning of the industrial age，when he wrote："Getting and spending，we lay waste our powers"．His preference was to go back to nature．Closer to our owntimes，the hippies （嬉皮士）of the 1960s also sought to"drop out"of modern life．
And for many minimalists，their key is to unload．Without objects，they"believe people are forced more and more into the present moment and that's where life happens，"wrote Stuff．But does simplicity ever feel like a sacrifice？
"It's eliminating the excess 一 unused items，unnecessary purchases 一 from your life．Well，I may have fewer possessions，but I have more space…Minimalism is making room for what matters most，"said Jay．
And"the real questions"，according to Duane Elgin，US social scientist，are"what do you care about？"and"What do you value？"
He told CNN："It's important for people to realize minimalism isn't simply the amount of stuff we consume．It's about our families，our work，our connection with the larger world，our spiritual dimension．It's about how we touch the whole world．It's a way of life．"

51．What inspired Francine Jay to live a simple life？C
A．A book she came across．
B．A follower of minimalism she met on a trip．
C．The pleasure she enjoyed from traveling lightly．
D．Her desire to keep up with modern life．
52．According to Leah Watkins，a typical minimalist tends toB．
a．be fed up with materialism
b．like saving and visiting nature often
c．be disappointed with his or her current life
d．be environmentally friendly and live with fewer things
A．a，b  B．a，d  C．a，b，c  D．b．c，d
53．The underlined word"eliminating"in the second-to-last paragraph probably meansA．
A．removing B．distinguishingC．acceptingD．improving
54．Which of the following would Duane Elgin probably agree withD？
A．Minimalism is a healthy lifestyle that is in conflict with modern life．
B．Minimalism means people have to sacrifice some pleasure to live simply．
C．Minimalism limits people's freedom to enjoy their lives to the fullest．
D．Minimalism enables people to reflect on what truly counts in their lives．
55．What was the author's main purpose in writing the text？C
A．To argue whether money buys happiness．
B．To recommend one of Francine Jay's books．
C．To explore the trend of minimalism．
D．To give tips on how to lead a happy life．

分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了探讨极简主义思潮，极简主义使人们能够反思他们生活中真正重要的东西．

解答 51．C．细节理解题．根据第二段Thanks to a travel-inspired revelation （启发），Jay has been happily living a simpler life for 12years可知轻松地享受旅行的乐趣激发了Francine Jay过着简朴的生活；故选C．
52．B．细节理解题．根据第四段Minimalists are typically progressive and concerned about the environment，Leah Watkins，a lead researcher at Otago University in New Zealand，told Stuff magazine in March可知典型的极简主义倾向于讨厌唯物主义，行为环境友好；故选B．
53．A．词义猜测题．根据文章It's eliminating the excess 一 unused items，unnecessary purchases 一 from your life可知这是消除多余的一闲置物品，不必要的采购一从你的生活；意为去除；故选A．
54．D．推理判断题．根据最后一段："It's important for people to realize minimalism isn't simply the amount of stuff we consume．It's about our families，our work，our connection with the larger world，our spiritual dimension可知极简主义使人们能够反思他们生活中真正重要的东西；故选D．
55．C．推理判断题．根据最后一段："It's important for people to realize minimalism isn't simply the amount of stuff we consume．It's about our families，our work，our connection with the larger world，our spiritual dimension可知作者写文章的主要目的是探讨极简主义思潮；故选C．

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．

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60．From DETAILED INFORMATION，we know that Fitbit ChargeB．
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D．can text message like smartphones
61．It can be known from FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS thatC．
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20．The sharing economy has grown in recent years to include everything from apartment sharing to car sharing to community tool sharing．Since 2009，a new form of sharing economy has been emerging in neighborhoods throughout the US and around the world--Little Free Library．The libraries are boxes placed in neighborhoods from which residents can withdraw （取出） and deposit （存入） books．Little Free Libraries come in all shapes and sizes．Some libraries also have themes，focusing on books for children，adults，or tour guides．
In 2009，Tod Bol built the first Little Free Library as a gift to his mother，who was a devoted reader．When he saw the people of his community gathering around it，exchanging conversation as well as books，he knew he wanted to take his simple idea further．"I think Little Free Libraries open the door to conversations we want to have with each other，"Bol said．
Since then，his idea has become a movement，spreading from state to state and country to country．According to Little FreeLibrary．org，there are now 18，000 of the little structures around the world，located in each of the 50 US states and 70 countries in Europe，Africa and Asia．
The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries．But an Atlantic article says the little structures serve as a cure for a world of e-reader downloads．The little wooden boxes are refreshingly physical and human．For many people，the sense of discovery is Little Free Libraries'main appeal．"A girl walking home from school might pick up a graphic novel that gets her excited about reading； a man on his way to the bus stop might find a volume of poetry that changes his outlook on life，"says the Atlantic article．"Every book is a potential source of inspiration"．

29．How do Little Free Libraries get their books？D
A．The communities bought them．
B．Tod Bol donated them．
C．US government provided them．
D．Citizens shared them．
30．Why did Tod Bol want to build more Little Free Libraries？A
A．They can offer neighbors more chances to talk．
B．He was inspired by the sharing economy．
C．He wanted to promote his idea worldwide．
D．They are a gift to please his mother．
31．What does the author of the Atlantic article believe？C
A．Little Free Libraries are more popular than e-reader downloads．
B．E-reader downloads are undoubtedly beneficial．
C．Little Free Libraries are physical and human．
D．The Internet has helped to spread Little Free Libraries．
32．Little Free Libraries attract readers most in thatD．
A．they are in various shapes and sizes     
  B．they are located all over the world
C．they connect strangers together   
 D．they may give readers a sense of discovery．
17．If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery （芹菜），a small reward like a sticker for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods，a UK study said．
    Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables，the idea is actually controversial，researchers wrote in the American，Journal of Clinical Nutrition．That's because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked，said Jane Wardle，a researcher at University College London who worked on the study．Verbal praise，such as"Brilliant!You're a great vegetable taster"，did not work as well．
"We would recommend that parents consider using small non-food rewards，given daily for tasting tiny pieces of the food 一 smaller than half a little finger nail，"Wardle said in an email．
    The study found that when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a"tiny taste"of a disliked vegetable，it gradually changed their attitudes．The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables一 either carrots，celery，cucumber，red pepper，cabbage or sugar snap peas 一 in laboratory taste tests，the study said．
    Researchers randomly assigned 173 families to one of these groups．In one，parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable．A second group of parents used verbal praise．The third group，where parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods，served as a"control"（控制组；对照组）．
    Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the"target"vegetable every day for 12 days．Soon after，children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables 一 and were willing to eat more in the research lab，going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience．The turnaround also seemed to last，with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once-disliked vegetable three months later．
    Why didn't the verbal praise work？Wardle said-the parents'words may have seemed"insincere"to their children．

46．The purpose of writing the passage isB．
A．to show what healthy diets for children consist of
B．to introduce a way of making children eat disliked vegetables
C．to explain Why children don't like to eat some vegetables
D．to present a proper way of verbal praise to parents
47．The underlined word"backfire"in Paragraph 2 probably meansC．
A．shoot from behind the back
B．make a fire in the backyard
C．produce an unexpected result
D．achieve what was planned
48．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？B
A．Most children are born to hate vegetables like carrots or celery．
B．Rewarding isn't always a good way to get children to eat vegetables．
C．Oral praise works quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables．
D．Children in the sticker group won't lose interest in eating vegetables．
49．How did the researchers get their conclusion from the experiment？A
A．By comparison．
B．By asking questions．
G．By giving examples．
D．By discussion．
50．What can we learn from the last paragraph？B
A．Children like rewards，not verbal praise．
B．Parents should give up verbal praise．
C．Children are very difficult to inspire．
D．Parents'tone is important to their kids．
4．_____ helping to deal with the problem，you'd just made it worse by shouting at the customer．（　　）
A．Far fromB．Together withC．Due toD．Apart from
14．一I like your new shoes!
---Thanks．I had to try on almost a dozen pairs_____I decided to get them．（　　）
A．asB．whenC．afterD．before
6．The influence of America is increasing in my country．Spanish people drink Coca Cola，wear blue jeans，watch Hollywood movies，listen to American music，and eat fast food，and they do these things every day．
I think that American movies are a good way to spread American culture because people are often influenced by what they see in the movies．Most of the programs and documentaries （纪录片） we watch on TV are from America，and most of the movies we go to see are made in Hollywood．In the last few years，the government has tried to protect the Spanish movies．Now，in our cinemas，at least twenty percent of the movies which are shown must be from Spain or from other countries in Europe．
American culture is a part of Spanish life no w．It's certain that many things from America are as much a part of people's lives as Spanish things．For example，Coca Cola is as familiar to everybody as any typical Spanish product．I've known about Coca Cola for my whole life．
However，it's different with Western fast food．For example，I don't think McDonald's is as successful in Spain as it is in other countries．In my opinion，one of the reasons may be the lifestyle of the Spanish people．The Spanish people normally eat at home．On the other hand，maybe McDonald's hamburgers will eventually replace the famous Spanish tapas．It's true that in every city in Spain you can find a McDonald's，and it is more popular among the Spanish children than among the adults．In any case，it's obvious that American culture is becoming more and more a part of our lives every day．
49．From the first paragraph we can know thatA．
A．the influence of America on Spain can be found everywhere
B．most Spanish people don't like to listen to their own music
C．fast food spreads from Spain to the United States
D．some Spanish actors go to America to improve their acting skills
50．What plays an important part in the spreading of American culture in Spain？B
A．American novels．B．Hollywood movies．C．McDonald's．D．American music．
51．Why did the government set some rules for the films shown in Spain？C
A．To protect foreign culture in Spain．
B．To earn more money from Spanish films．
C．To limit the number of foreign movies．
D．To unite the European Community．
52．What do you think Spanish tapas might be？D
A．The name of a drink．
B．The name of a restaurant．
C．A clothing brand．
D．A certain kind of food．
3．Most damagingly，anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour．The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger．
Not everyone experiences anger in the same way； what angers one person may amuse another．The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces．In contemporary culture，physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially har mful to be tolerated．We no longer regard duels（决斗） as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another．
Anger can be identified in the brain，where the electrical activity changes．Under most conditions EEG （脑电图） measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal （额叶前部） areas．Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition （意向）that most of us possess most of the time．But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and．as a res ult of this，we're likely to react．And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions，whether positive or negative．
Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour：we move closer to people we like．Most negative emotions，in contrast，are associated with avoidance behaviour：we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious．But anger is an exception to this pattern．The angrier we are．the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger．This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger：the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger．This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry （不对称 ） of EEG activity．Interestingly，this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy （同感） towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response．In defensive anger，in contrast，the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation．
62．The"duels"example in Paragraph 2 proves that the expression of anger．C
A．usually has a biological basis        
B．varies among people
C．is socially and culturally shaped       
D．influences one's thinking and evaluation
63．What changes can be found in an angry brain？B
A．Balanced electrical activity can be spotted．
B．Unbalanced patterns are found in prefrontal areas．
C．Electrical activity corresponds to one's behaviour．
D．Electrical activity agrees with one's disposition．
64．Which of the foll owing is typical of offensive anger？A
A．Approaching the source of anger．
B．Trying to control what is disliked．
C．Moving away from what is disliked．
D．Feeling helpless in the face of anger．
65．What is the key message of the last paragraph？D
A．How anger differs from other emotions．
B．How anger relates to other emotions．
C．Behavioural responses to anger．
D．Behavioural patterns of anger．
4．众所周知，上海大剧院坐落于人民广场西北侧．（locate）As is known to all，the Shanghai Grand Theater is located on the northwest side of the people's Square．．

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