题目内容

The concept of health holds different meanings for different people and groups. These meanings have also changed over time. This change is no more evident than in Western society today, when notions of health and health promotion are being challenged and expanded in new ways.

For much of recent Western history, health has been viewed in the physical sense only. That is, good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of the body, while ill health has been attributed to a breakdown in this machine. Health in this sense has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medical terms.

In the late 1940s the World Health Organization challenged this physically and medically oriented (导向的) view of health. They stated that health is a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease (WHO, 1946). Health and the person were seen more holistically (mind / body / spirit) and not just in physical terms.

The 1970s was a time of focusing on the prevention of disease and illness by emphasizing the importance of the lifestyle and behaviour of the individual. Specific behaviours which were seen to increase risk of disease, such as smoking, lack of fitness and unhealthy eating habits, were targeted. Creating health meant providing not only medical health care, but also health promotion programs and policies which would help people maintain healthy behaviours and lifestyles. While this individualistic healthy lifestyle approach to health worked for some (the wealthy members of society), it was of little benefit to people experiencing poverty, unemployment, underemployment or who had little control over the conditions of their daily life.

During the 1980s and 1990s there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks as the root cause of poor health. While lifestyle factors still remain important, health is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live. This broad approach to health is called the socio-ecological view of health.

At the Ottawa Conference in 1986, a charter was developed which outlined new directions for health promotion based on the socio-ecological view of health. This charter, known as the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, remains as the backbone of health action today. In exploring the scope of health promotion it states that:

Good health is a major resource for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension (尺度) of the quality of life. Political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, behavioural and biological factors can all favour health or be harmful to it. (WHO, 1986)

1.From the passage, we can infer that _________.

A.good health means not having any illness

B.health has different meanings for different people in different periods

C.health has always been viewed in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live

D.health has always been considered a major resource for social, economic and personal development and an important dimension of quality of life

2.In the late 1940s, if you ___________, that meant you were healthy. 

A.were strong enough

B.were strong, optimistic and happy

C.had enough money

D.had a good lifestyle

3.        of society benefited most from the healthy lifestyle approach to health. 

A.Rich people

B.Poor people

C.Old people

D.Young people

4.The socio-ecological view of health includes the following broad areas EXCEPT ________.

A.the social contexts

B.the environmental contexts

C.the economic contexts

D.the area of personal development

5.This passage mainly tells us that                 .  

A.wealth is health

B.health means different things in different periods

C.it’s getting harder to be healthy

D.people should change their understanding of health over time

 

【答案】

1.B

2.B

3.A

4.D

5.D

【解析】

1.B。从文章的第一段以及后面的段落陈述情况可得出答案。

2.B。根据第三段的第二、三句可知答案。

3.A。从第四段的最后一句话中可找出答案。

4.D。依据为第五段中的“While lifestyle factors still remain important, health is being viewed also in terms of the social, economic and environmental contexts in which people live.”

5.D。第一段点出了文章的中心:健康的意义随着时间的变化而变化。接下来用六个自然段来阐述五个不同时期对健康的不同定义,从而可引出作者写这篇文章的目的:希望人们能不断地改变自己对健康的看法。

 

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  The largest earthquake(magnitude里氏9.5)of the 20th century happened on May 22, 1960 off the coast of South Central Chile.

  It generated(生成)one of the most destructive Pacific wide tsunamis(海啸).Near the generating area, both the earthquake and the tsunami were very much destructive, particularly in the coastal area from Concep-cion to the south end of Isla Chiloe.The largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe-the coastal area closest to the epicenter(震中).Huge tsunami waves measuring as high as 25 meters arrived within 10 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, killing at least two hundred people, sinking all the boats, and flooding half a kilometer inland.

  There was large damage and loss of life at Concep-cion, Chile's top industrial city.Near the city of Valdivia, the earthquake and following aftershocks generated landslides which killed 18 people.At the port city of Valparaiso, a city of 200,000, many buildings collapsed.A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed one in every three in the earthquake zone and nearly 2,000,000 people were left homeless.

  Total damage losses, including to agriculture and to industry, were estimated(估计)to be over a half billion dollars.The total number of death related with both the tsunami and the earthquake was never found accurately for the region.Estimates of deaths reached between 4,900 to 57,002 with no distinction(差别)as to how many deaths were caused by the earthquake and how many were caused by the tsunami.However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami.

(1)

Where did the largest tsunami damage occurred?

[  ]

A.

Concep-cion.

B.

Isla Chiloe.

C.

Valdivia

D.

Valparaiso.

(2)

What can we learn about the tsunami waves generated by the earthquake?

[  ]

A.

The tsunami waves as high as 25 meters arrived immediately after the earthquake.

B.

The tsunami waves killed 200 people and sank all the boats.

C.

The tsunami waves were very destructive.

D.

The tsunami waves flooded half of the inland.

(3)

What is the total number of deaths in the earthquake?

[  ]

A.

About 2,000,000.

B.

Between 4,900 to 57,002.

C.

About 200,000.

D.

It was hard to know.

(4)

What does the underlined word "collapsed" in the third paragragh probably mean?

[  ]

A.

was destroyed

B.

caught fire

C.

was flooded

D.

sank

 

The largest earthquake ( magnitude里氏 9.5) of the 20th century happened on May 22, 1960 off the coast of South Central Chile. ?

It generated(生成) one of the most destructive Pacific wide tsunamis(海啸). Near the generating area, both the earthquake and the tsunami were very much destructive, particularly in the coastal area from Concep-cion to the south end of Isla Chiloe. The largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe -----the coastal area closest to the epicenter(震中). Huge tsunami waves measuring as high as 25 meters arrived within 10 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, killing at least two hundred people, sinking all the boats, and flooding half a kilometer inland. ?

There was large damage and loss of life at Concep-cion, Chile's top industrial city. Near the city of Valdivia, the earthquake and following aftershocks generated landslides which killed 18 people. At the port city of Valparaiso, a city of 200,000, many buildings collapsed . A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed one in every three in the earthquake zone and nearly 2,000,000 people were left homeless.?

Total damage losses, including to agriculture and to industry, were estimated(估计) to be over a half billion dollars . The total number of death related with both the tsunami and the earthquake was never found accurately for the region. Estimates of deaths reached between 4,900 to 57,002 with no distinction(差别) as to how many deaths were caused by the earthquake and how many were caused by the tsunami. However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami.

1.Where did the largest tsunami damage occurred? ?

A. Concep--cion.    B. Isla Chiloe.     C. Valdivia     D. Valparaiso. 

2.What can we learn about the tsunami waves generated by the earthquake? ?

A. The tsunami waves as high as 25 meters arrived immediately after the earthquake.

B. The tsunami waves killed 200 people and sank all the boats. ?

C. The tsunami waves were very destructive. ?

D. The tsunami waves flooded half of the inland.

3.What is the total number of deaths in the earthquake? ?

A. About 2,000,000.             B. Between 4,900 to 57,002.?

C. About 200,000.               D. It was hard to know.

4.What does the underlined word "collapsed" in the third paragragh probably mean ?

A. was destroyed      B. caught fire      C. was flooded     D. sank

 

The largest earthquake ( magnitude里氏 9.5) of the 20th century happened on May 22, 1960 off the coast of South Central Chile. ?

  It generated(生成) one of the most destructive Pacific wide tsunamis(海啸). Near the generating area, both the earthquake and the tsunami were very much destructive, particularly in the coastal area from Concep-cion to the south end of Isla Chiloe. The largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe -----the coastal area closest to the epicenter(震中). Huge tsunami waves measuring as high as 25 meters arrived within 10 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, killing at least two hundred people, sinking all the boats, and flooding half a kilometer inland. ?

  There was large damage and loss of life at Concep-cion, Chile's top industrial city. Near the city of Valdivia, the earthquake and following aftershocks generated landslides which killed 18 people. At the port city of Valparaiso, a city of 200,000, many buildings collapsed . A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed one in every three in the earthquake zone and nearly 2,000,000 people were left homeless.?

  Total damage losses, including to agriculture and to industry, were estimated(估计) to be over a half billion dollars . The total number of death related with both the tsunami and the earthquake was never found accurately for the region. Estimates of deaths reached between 4,900 to 57,002 with no distinction(差别) as to how many deaths were caused by the earthquake and how many were caused by the tsunami. However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami.

61. Where did the largest tsunami damage occurred? ?

A. Concep--cion.    B. Isla Chiloe.     C. Valdivia     D. Valparaiso. 

62. What can we learn about the tsunami waves generated by the earthquake? ?

A. The tsunami waves as high as 25 meters arrived immediately after the earthquake.

B. The tsunami waves killed 200 people and sank all the boats. ?

C. The tsunami waves were very destructive. ?

D. The tsunami waves flooded half of the inland.

63. What is gen generally thought the main cause of deathis in Chile?

A.  Landslides.             B. The tsunami.?

C.  Aftershocks.              D.The magnitude 9.5 earthquake

64. What is the total number of deaths in the earthquake? ?

A.  2,000,000.             B. Between 4,900 to 57,00?

C.  200,000.               D. It was hard to know.

65. What does the underlined word "collapsed" in the third paragragh probably mean ?

A. was destroyed      B. caught fire      C. was flooded     D. sank

The largest earthquake ( magnitude里氏 9.5) of the 20th century happened on May 22, 1960 off the coast of South Central Chile.

It generated(生成) one of the most destructive Pacific wide tsunamis(海啸). Near the generating area, both the earthquake and the tsunami were very much destructive, particularly in the coastal area from Concep-cion to the south end of Isla Chiloe. The largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe -----the coastal area closest to the epicenter(震中). Huge tsunami waves measuring as high as 25 meters arrived within 10 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, killing at least two hundred people, sinking all the boats, and flooding half a kilometer inland.

There was large damage and loss of life at Concep-cion, Chile's top industrial city. Near the city of Valdivia, the earthquake and following aftershocks generated landslides which killed 18 people. At the port city of Valparaiso, a city of 200,000, many buildings collapsed . A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed one in every three in the earthquake zone and nearly 2,000,000 people were left homeless.

Total damage losses, including to agriculture and to industry, were estimated(估计) to be over a half billion dollars . The total number of death related with both the tsunami and the earthquake was never found accurately for the region. Estimates of deaths reached between 4,900 to 57,002 with no distinction(差别) as to how many deaths were caused by the earthquake and how many were caused by the tsunami. However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami.

 

56. Where did the largest tsunami damage occurred?

A. Concep--cion.    B. Isla Chiloe.     C. Valdivia     D. Valparaiso

57. What can we learn about the tsunami waves generated by the earthquake?

A. The tsunami waves as high as 25 meters arrived immediately after the earthquake.

B. The tsunami waves killed 200 people and sank all the boats.

C. The tsunami waves were very destructive.

D. The tsunami waves flooded half of the inland.

58. What is the total number of deaths in the earthquake?

A. About 2,000,000.             B. Between 4,900 to 57,002.

C. About 200,000.                D. It was hard to know.

59. What does the underlined word "collapsed" in the third paragragh probably mean ?

A. was destroyed      B. caught fire      C. was flooded     D. sank

 

The largest earthquake (magnitude里氏 9.5) of the 20th century happened on May 22, 1960 off the coast of South Central Chile.?

It generated(生成) one of the most destructive Pacific wide tsunamis(海啸).Near the generating area, both the earthquake and the tsunami were very much destructive, particularly in the coastal area from Concep-cion to the south end of Isla Chiloe.The largest tsunami damage occurred at Isla Chiloe -----the coastal area closest to the epicenter(震中).Huge tsunami waves measuring as high as 25 meters arrived within 10 to 15 minutes after the earthquake, killing at least two hundred people, sinking all the boats, and flooding half a kilometer inland.

There was large damage and loss of life at Concep-cion, Chile's top industrial city.Near the city of Valdivia, the earthquake and following aftershocks generated landslides which killed 18 people.At the port city of Valparaiso, a city of 200,000, many buildings collapsed.A total of 130,000 houses were destroyed and nearly 2,000,000 people were left homeless.

Total damage losses, including to agriculture and to industry, were estimated to be over a half billion dollars.The total number of death related with both the tsunami and the earthquake was never found accurately for the region.Estimates of deaths reached between 4,900 to 5,700 with no distinction(差别) as to how many deaths were caused by the earthquake and how many were caused by the tsunami.However, it is believed that most of the deaths in Chile were caused by the tsunami.

1.Where did the largest tsunami damage occurred?

       A.Concep--cion.   B.Isla Chiloe.      C.Valdivia            D.Valparaiso.

2.What can we learn about the tsunami waves generated by the earthquake?

       A.The tsunami waves as high as 25 meters arrived immediately after the earthquake.

       B.The tsunami waves killed 200 people and sank all the boats.

       C.The tsunami waves were very destructive.

       D.The tsunami waves flooded half of the inland.

3.What is generally thought the main cause of death is in Chile?

       A.Landslides.                                        B.The tsunami.

       C.Aftershocks.                                     D.The magnitude 9.5 earthquake

4.What is the total number of deaths in the earthquake?

       A.2,000,000.                                        B.Between 4,900 to 5,700

       C.200,000.                                           D.It was hard to know.

5.What does the underlined word "collapsed" in the third paragraph probably mean?

       A.was destroyed                                   B.caught fire        C.was flooded      D.sank

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