题目内容
阅读理解
Nuclear radiation from power plant leaks and bomb tests resulted in millions of fewer baby girls born
worldwide, according to a new study.
Scientists noted these types of atmospheric blasts rather than ontheground incidents like Chernobyl
(切尔诺贝利), effected birth gender across the globe.
Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum M?nchen, Germany, analysed population data from 1975 to 2007 for
the U. S. and 39 European countries.
There was an increase in the number of baby boys relative to girls in all of the countries from 1964 to
1975. This was the case in many eastern European countries for several years after 1986.
Scientists are putting the first spike down to the atomic bomb tests of the 1960s and 1970s where
radioactive atoms were blasted into the atmosphere. Air currents caught these atoms and then distributed
them around the world.
They think the second spike is due to the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in which the reactor exploded in
the Ukraine(乌克兰).
The effects of Chernobyl were felt locally and no effect was seen in the U. S., probably because it was
too far from the disaster to have an effect.
"The closer the country was to Chernobyl, the stronger the effect, " said study coauthor Hagen Scherb, a biostatistician(生物统计学家) at the German Research Center for Environmental Health in Munich.
More males were born relative to females in Belarus-the Ukraine's neighbour-than in France.
The study is based largely on Cold Warera statistics, but the findings are highly relevant for how gender could be affected after future nuclear disasters.
And in the wake of Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident experts are predicting
another baby boy boom could come, especially on the U. S. West Coast.
Previous radiation experiments on animals may give a clue for the increase in male births. Tests showed that radiation caused damage to the X chromosome(染色体) in sperm, Dr Scherb said.
A human sperm cell contains either an X or Y chromosome, while an egg only has an X chromosome. An XY combination will become a boy, while an XX combination will be a girl.
worldwide, according to a new study.
Scientists noted these types of atmospheric blasts rather than ontheground incidents like Chernobyl
(切尔诺贝利), effected birth gender across the globe.
Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum M?nchen, Germany, analysed population data from 1975 to 2007 for
the U. S. and 39 European countries.
There was an increase in the number of baby boys relative to girls in all of the countries from 1964 to
1975. This was the case in many eastern European countries for several years after 1986.
Scientists are putting the first spike down to the atomic bomb tests of the 1960s and 1970s where
radioactive atoms were blasted into the atmosphere. Air currents caught these atoms and then distributed
them around the world.
They think the second spike is due to the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in which the reactor exploded in
the Ukraine(乌克兰).
The effects of Chernobyl were felt locally and no effect was seen in the U. S., probably because it was
too far from the disaster to have an effect.
"The closer the country was to Chernobyl, the stronger the effect, " said study coauthor Hagen Scherb, a biostatistician(生物统计学家) at the German Research Center for Environmental Health in Munich.
More males were born relative to females in Belarus-the Ukraine's neighbour-than in France.
The study is based largely on Cold Warera statistics, but the findings are highly relevant for how gender could be affected after future nuclear disasters.
And in the wake of Japan's Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident experts are predicting
another baby boy boom could come, especially on the U. S. West Coast.
Previous radiation experiments on animals may give a clue for the increase in male births. Tests showed that radiation caused damage to the X chromosome(染色体) in sperm, Dr Scherb said.
A human sperm cell contains either an X or Y chromosome, while an egg only has an X chromosome. An XY combination will become a boy, while an XX combination will be a girl.
1. How many nuclear radiation accidents are mentioned in the passage?
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
2. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The ontheground incidents like Chernobyl, effected birth gender across the globe.
B. There was an increase in the number of baby boys in many eastern European countries
for several years after 1986.
C. The Japan's nuclear accident will not effect the birth gender of the U. S. because of the long distance.
D. Where radioactive material has spread, women can't give birth to children
B. There was an increase in the number of baby boys in many eastern European countries
for several years after 1986.
C. The Japan's nuclear accident will not effect the birth gender of the U. S. because of the long distance.
D. Where radioactive material has spread, women can't give birth to children
3. How does radiation effect birth gender?
A. It damages the Y chromosome in sperm.
B. It stops X chromosomes and Y chromosomes combining.
C. It kills baby girls before they are born.
D. It damages the X chromosome in sperm.
B. It stops X chromosomes and Y chromosomes combining.
C. It kills baby girls before they are born.
D. It damages the X chromosome in sperm.
4. What does the passage mainly tell us?
A. Nuclear age has led to millions of fewer baby girls being born.
B. Nuclear radiation has bad effects upon people's health.
C. Worries about radiation risks.
D. Nuclear age helps reduce the world population.
B. Nuclear radiation has bad effects upon people's health.
C. Worries about radiation risks.
D. Nuclear age helps reduce the world population.
1-4: BBDA
练习册系列答案
相关题目
Architecture is to building as literature to the printed word.The best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art. 2. The Renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well.In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted (重新诠释). They remain dominant until the 20th century. 3. Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected to endure.Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials are more adaptable to industrial use. 4. The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of building. More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children to many different kinds of schools, and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All these different types of building accumulated experiences needed by their designers. 5. By the middle of the 20th century, modern architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modern architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete (钢筋混凝土). Advances in elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all had important effects. |
You may have heard the term "the American Dream". In 1848, James W. Marshall found gold in
California and people began having golden dreams. That 19th century "American Dream" motivated
the Gold Rush and gave California its nickname of the "Golden State".
The American Dream drove not only 1800s gold-rush prospectors(采矿者)but also waves of
immigrants throughout that century and the next. People from Europe, and a large number of Chinese,
arrived in the US in the 19th century hoping that in America they would find gold in the streets. But
most, instead, worked as railroad laborers. They created the oldest Chinatown, in San Francisco, and
gave the city a Chinese name "the old gold hill".
In the 20th century, some critics said that it was no longer possible to become prosperous through
determination and hard work. Unfair education for students from poor families and racial discrimination
almost made the American Dream a nightmare(噩梦).
Then, in the 1990s, California saw a new wave of dreamers in Silicon Valley. People poured their
energy into the Internet. This new chapter of the American Dream attracted many business people and
young talents from China and India to form start-ups and seek fortune in America. Better pay, a nice
house, and a rising standard of living will always be attractive. However, the new American Dream is
no longer just about money. It encourages Americans to consume wisely to protect the environment,
improve the quality of life, and promote social justice.
The Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger has become the model of the new American
Dream. After years of hard work, he grew from a poor young man from Austria into a super movie
star and then a governor. Many people hope his story can save the American Dream and give California
a brighter future.
California and people began having golden dreams. That 19th century "American Dream" motivated
the Gold Rush and gave California its nickname of the "Golden State".
The American Dream drove not only 1800s gold-rush prospectors(采矿者)but also waves of
immigrants throughout that century and the next. People from Europe, and a large number of Chinese,
arrived in the US in the 19th century hoping that in America they would find gold in the streets. But
most, instead, worked as railroad laborers. They created the oldest Chinatown, in San Francisco, and
gave the city a Chinese name "the old gold hill".
In the 20th century, some critics said that it was no longer possible to become prosperous through
determination and hard work. Unfair education for students from poor families and racial discrimination
almost made the American Dream a nightmare(噩梦).
Then, in the 1990s, California saw a new wave of dreamers in Silicon Valley. People poured their
energy into the Internet. This new chapter of the American Dream attracted many business people and
young talents from China and India to form start-ups and seek fortune in America. Better pay, a nice
house, and a rising standard of living will always be attractive. However, the new American Dream is
no longer just about money. It encourages Americans to consume wisely to protect the environment,
improve the quality of life, and promote social justice.
The Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger has become the model of the new American
Dream. After years of hard work, he grew from a poor young man from Austria into a super movie
star and then a governor. Many people hope his story can save the American Dream and give California
a brighter future.
1. The "American Dream" was appealing to _______________.
A. Americans only.
B. Chinese and Indians .
C. Europeans.
D. people all over the world
B. Chinese and Indians .
C. Europeans.
D. people all over the world
2. It can be inferred that ____________.
A. America's golden dream could never be realized
B. different times have different themes of the American dream
C. America's golden dream brought great fortune to Chinese immigrants
D. determination and hard work are the best way to realize the American dream
B. different times have different themes of the American dream
C. America's golden dream brought great fortune to Chinese immigrants
D. determination and hard work are the best way to realize the American dream
3. Why did most of the early immigrants work as railroad laborers?
A. Because they could earn more money as railroad laborers.
B. Because they thought railroad was the first step to find gold.
C. Because railroad laborers were greatly honored at that time.
D. Because they had to make a living by working as railroad laborers.
B. Because they thought railroad was the first step to find gold.
C. Because railroad laborers were greatly honored at that time.
D. Because they had to make a living by working as railroad laborers.
4. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph indicates that ___________.
A. most of the immigrants to America don't reach their previous goals
B. the dream of seeking fortune in America is easy to realize
C. the success of Arnold Schwarzenegger is a common example of the immigrants
D. the immigrants have made great contributions to California
B. the dream of seeking fortune in America is easy to realize
C. the success of Arnold Schwarzenegger is a common example of the immigrants
D. the immigrants have made great contributions to California
5. Which may be the best title of the passage?
A. Waves of Immigrants to America
B. Hard Work Leads to Success
C. Changes of America's Golden Dream
D. Make Fortunes Abroad
B. Hard Work Leads to Success
C. Changes of America's Golden Dream
D. Make Fortunes Abroad