题目内容
Women work harder than men at university and get better degrees as a result, according to a study carried out at Burnel University.
The research, which tracked 200 students over four years, found that women consistently outperformed men in further education even though they had started their courses with almost the same A-level results.
An analysis of the department's results showed that while 65 percent of female graduates were awarded, only 35 percent of males did that well.
Girls are known to outperform boys at school, but this research shows the trend continues at university.
Fiona Smith, the senior lecturer at Brunel who led the study, said,“The survey proved a previously held opinion wrong that the educational sex gap is purely a middle school phenomenon.”
It also makes the unfairness for working women in terms of pay. Women work harder at school, harder at university and do better in both, yet still receive less pay.
The survey found that female students were harder working, less likely to miss lectures and more likely to believe their marks were reflected their ability than their male competitors. Female students were also more likely to seek and receive support from staff.
On the contrary, men were more likely than women to miss lectures to“laziness”and to believe that playing sport was an important part of university life.
Different from the popular argument that women's success is due to the increased emphasis on coursework, female geographers at Brunel did better in exams than in coursework, the research found.
The study, based on 180 questionnaires and interviews with more than 70 students, concluded that males underachieved because they felt working hard was not“macho”.
Dr Smith said,“Most women feel that getting good grades is the most important part of university life.”They believe they need to work harder in order to be able to compete in the male-controlled environment they will face at work: good grades are viewed as an“insurance policy”for success. Men, on the other hand, feel that it's not“macho”to work hard. They tend to put going out and playing sport higher than coursework.
(1) The underlined word“macho”might have the same meaning as ________.
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(2) How many opinions held before are proved wrong by this survey?
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(3) The cause of women performing better at university than men is that ________.
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A．female students did better at school before entering university
B．women will not find jobs unless working harder at university
C．women get more help and support from the teachers
D．most female students think good grades at university will benefit them in the future
解析：
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The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the time of a woman’s life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman‘s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement(退休) at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by modern living conditions.
This important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women‘s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left schools at the first chance, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women usually marry younger, more married women stay at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with the both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.
【小题1】According to the passage, around the year 1900 most women married ________.
A. at about twenty-five B. in their early fifties
C as soon as possible after they were fifteen
D. at any age from fifteen to forty-five
【小题2】 We are told that in a common family about 1900 _________.
| A．many children died before they were five |
| B．seven or eight children lived to be more than five |
| C．the youngest child would be fifteen |
| D．four or five children died when they were five |
| A．would be healthy enough to take up paid jobs |
| B．was usually expected to die fairly soon |
| C．would expect to work until she died |
| D．was unlikely to find a job even if she wanted one |
| A．marry instead of getting paid work | B．marry before they are twenty-five |
| C．have more children under fifteen | D．have too few children |
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The weekly magazine tells what you need to know if you’re thinking of traveling. Helpful advice on what to pack and what to buy once you’re there. Lots of colour photos to help you choose the best hotel, the cheapest flights and a special guide to different climates each week. |
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E. Wired This magazine is designed for leaders in the field of information engineering including top managers and professionals in the computer, business, design and education industries. Published by Conde Nast Publications Inc, Wired often carries articles on how technology changes people’s lives. |
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F. EUROPE NEWS The weekly magazine keeps you in touch with what’s happening. Filled with facts and figures about almost everything you can think of, plus articles by our regular writers on the week’s most interesting new stories. Special back page sums up the news for the busy readers. |
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