C In 1879, a group of explorers made an incredible find. They discovered paintings of remarkable beauty on the walls of a cave in Spain. Some scientists believed that these paintings were created by e 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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In 1879, a group of explorers made an incredible find. They discovered paintings of remarkable beauty on the walls of a cave in Spain. Some scientists believed that these paintings were created by early humans from the Stone Age, between ten and thirty thousand years ago. Other scientists and the public did not believe the claim, but over the years, it was proven correct. Our ancestors had incredible artistic talents.

Most of the cave art that has been discovered has been found in Spain and France. A smaller number of such caves are located in Italy, Portugal, Russia, and other countries. Scientists believe that many more caves will be discovered in the coming years, and are concentrating their efforts on Africa and the area between Europe and Asia. These two regions of the world were, populated first by humans.

Cave art was carved or painted on the walls and roofs of caves, usually near the entrance. The entrance area was probably chosen to take advantage of daylight and to allow many people to view the paintings. In some cases, the art appears much deeper in caves and requires artificial light. Evidence suggests that the artists used torches or shallow bowls in which animal fat was burned.

9.What was the response of general public to the discovery of cave art made by Stone Age people?

A. They believed it at first.

B. They did not believe it.

C. They thought it was beautiful.

D. They ignored it.

10.According to the passage, what can we conclude about animal fat?

A. It does not burn.

B. Stone Age artists used it to preserve their paintings.

C. It can be burned to produce light.

D. Stone Age artists mixed it with their food.

11.. Where do scientists expect to find more cave paintings?

A. In Central and South America.

B. In Spain and France.

C. In the places where there are caves with large openings.

D. In the regions of the world first populated by humans.

12.Where would this passage be most likely to appear?

A. In a textbook about early human history.

B. In a textbook about modern art.

C. In a dictionary.

D. In an encyclopedia entry about caves.

【小题1】C

【小题2】D

【小题3】A

【小题4】A

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Psychology(心理学) is the study of the mind and mental activities. For example, psychologists are interested in why some things make you sad, but others make you happy. They want to know why some people are shy, but others are quite talkative. They want to know why people do the thing that they do. They also test intelligence.

Psychologists deal with the mind and behavior of people. Your mind consists of all your feelings, thoughts and ideas. It is the result of one part of the brain called the cerebrum (大脑). Your behavior is the way you act or conduct yourself. Examples of behavior include shouting, crying, laughing and sleeping.

Several people have been instrumental in the field of psychology. Whihelm Wundt set up the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, in 1879. Ivan Pavlov, a Russian, is noted for his experiments with dogs in which he studies their reflexes(反射) and reactions. Around 1900, Sigmund Freud, stated his theory that people try to repress (control, hide)memories or thoughts that they believe were not good.

Psychologists should not be confused with psychiatrists who deal with mental illness. They are medical doctors who treat people.

This passage is mainly about__________.

A. studying the mind

B. memories and people

C. famous psychologists

D. the study of mental illness

We may learn from the passage that psychiatrists __________.

A. study physical illness only

B. study people' s mind and behavior

C. are not medical doctors

D. mainly treat mental disease

According to the passage, Sigmund Freud stated that __________.

A. Pavlov's experiments with dogs were successful

B. people make an effort to hold back unhappy memories

C. psychiatrists should work closely with psychologists

D. people should learn something about psychology

One of the greatest contributions to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations(引文) showing how it was used.

This was a huge task so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire,” 50 miles from Oxford.

Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff’s most valued contributors.

But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a booklined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum(精神病院) for the Criminally Insane.

Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.

In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.

Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414 825words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.

1.According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary________.

A. came out before Minor died

B. was edited by an American volunteer

C. included the English words invented by Murray

D. was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary

2.How did Dr. Minor contribute to the dictionary?

A. He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers.

B. He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray.

C. He provided a great number of words and quotations.

D. He went to England to work with Murray.

3.Which of the following best describes Dr. Minor?

A. Brave and determined. B. Unusual and scholarly.

C. Considerate and optimistic. D. Cautious and friendly.

4.What does the text mainly talk about?

A. Minor and the first Oxford English Dictionary.

B. The friendship between Murray and Minor.

C. The history of the English language.

D. Broadmoor Asylum and its patients.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中的两项为多途选项。

The first chocolate was eaten by Mayan and Aztec people in Central and South America hundreds of years ago. ___1____ the cocoa bean was used to make a chocolate drink that the people enjoyed very much. Much later, the cocoa bean was brought across to Europe and people there also came to love the taste of chocolate.

__2___ One of the items he sold was cocoa powder to make into drinks. In 1831, he opened a small factory to make cocoa powder from cocoa beans. John Cadbury believed that alcohol was an important cause of poverty and he wanted to encourage people to drink chocolate instead. A few years later a man called Joseph Fry invented a way to make chocolate bars, and so for the first time people had the chance to eat chocolate instead of only drinking it. At first, chocolate was a luxury and only the rich people could afford it. ___3___

___4___ Milk chocolate came later and this was made by adding milk of milk

powder to the chocolate. Cadbury’s introduced their first milk chocolate bar in 1879. Their most famous chocolate, Cadbury’s Milk Bar, was introduced in 1905. It has been a best seller in Britain and around the world for nearly 100 years.

The Cadbury factory is still in Birmingham and the chocolate produced there is eaten all over the world. 5

A．Later, as more and more chocolate bars were produced and sold, it became cheaper.

B．John Cadbury wanted people to drink chocolate instead of alcohol.

C．However, at first only plain chocolate was produced.

D．Every year, thousands of visitors visit the factory to see how chocolate is made.

E. In 1824, John Cadbury opened a small shop in Birmingham.

F. More and more chocolate was manufactured.

G. In those days, the people did not really eat chocolate;

One of the greatest contributors to the first Oxford English Dictionary was also one of its most unusual. In 1879, Oxford University in England asked Prof. James Murray to serve as editor for what was to be the most ambitious dictionary in the history of the English language. It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations(引文) showing how it was used.

This was a huge task, so Murray had to find volunteers from Britain, the United States, and the British colonies to search every newspaper, magazine, and book ever written in English. Hundreds of volunteers responded, including William Chester Minor. Dr. Minor was an American surgeon who had served in the Civil War and was now living in England. He gave his address as “Broadmoor, Crowthorne, Berkshire,” 50 miles from Oxford.

Minor joined the army of volunteers sending words and quotations to Murray. Over the next 17 years, he became one of the staff’s most valued contributors.

But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897, Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum(精神病院) for the Criminally Insane.

Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.

In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.

Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volunteers defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.

1.According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary ____.