We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee．When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as "regular" coffee, and it took sev 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

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We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant（速溶） coffee．When it was introduced, most people did not like it as well as "regular" coffee, and it took several years to gain general acceptance（introduction stage）．At one point, though, instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity, and many brands were introduced（stage of rapid growth）．After a while, people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off（stage of maturity）．Sales went into a slight decrease when freeze-dried coffees were introduced（stage of decline）．

The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies．The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not drop．One strategy is called market modification．It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections．Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the soldiers？

Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens．A marketer may re-position the product to appeal to new market sections．

Another product extension strategy is called product modification．It involves changing product quality, features, or style to attract new users or more usage from present users．American auto manufacturers are using quality improvement as one way to regain world markets．Note, also, how auto manufacturers once changed styles eagerly from year to year to keep demand from falling．

1．The first paragraph tells us that a new product is ________．

A．not easily accepted by the public

B．often of poorer quality compared with old ones

C．often more expensive than old ones

D．usually introduced to satisfy different tastes

2．Marketers need to know which of the four stages a product is in so as to________．

A．promote its production

B．work out marketing plans

C．speed up its life cycle

D．increase its popularity

3．The author mentions the example of "backpacks" （Para．2） to show the importance of________．

A．pleasing the young as well as the old

B．increasing usage among students

C．exploring new market sections

D．finding creative product designers

4．In order to attract more consumers, U．S．auto makers are ________．

A．modernizing product style

B．increasing product features

C．developing products of better quality

D．re-positioning their product in the market

ABCC

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A young woman was driving through the lonely countryside. It was dark and rainy. Suddenly she saw an old woman by the side of the road, holding up her hand as if she wanted a lift(搭便车).

“I can’t leave her out in this weather,” the young woman said to herself. She stopped the car and opened the door.

“ Do you want a lift?” she asked. The old woman nodded and climbed into the car. After a while, she said to the old woman “ Have you been waiting for a long time?” The old woman shook her head. “ Strange” thought the woman. She tried again. “ Bad weather for the time of the year,” she said. The old woman nodded.

Then the young woman noticed that the old woman’ s hand, which were large and hairy(多毛的). Suddenly she realize that “she” was a man！She stopped the car. “ I can’t see out of the rear screen(后挡风玻璃),” she said. “ Would you mind cleaning it for me ?”

“The old woman” nodded and opened the door. As soon as “she” was out of the door, the frightened young woman drove off as fast as she could.

When she got to the next village, she stopped. She noticed “ the old woman ” had left “her” handbag behind. She picked it up and opened it. Inside was a gun.

When the young woman talked with “her”, “ the old woman” only nodded or shook “her” head because “she”______.

A. didn’t want the young woman to hear “her” voice

B. didn’t want to trouble the young woman any more

C. was so tired that “she” didn’t want to talk with her

D. was worried that the young woman had seen “her” hands

The young woman asked “the old woman” to clean the rear screen in order to_________.

A. see more clearly B. drive fast and well

C. make “her” speak D. throw “her” out

From the story we can see that the young woman was______.

A. kind and clever B. beautiful and bright

C. foolish and shy D. strong and helpful

What do you think “the old woman” was?

A. A policeman. B. A basketball player.

C. A robber(抢劫犯). D. A poor villager.

Most Americans get what money they have from their work; that is, they earn an income from wages or salaries. The richest Americans, however, get most of their money from what they own — their stocks, bonds, real estate, and other forms of property, or wealth. Although there are few accurate statistics to go by, wealth in American society appears to be concentrated in very few hands. More than 20 percent of everything that can be privately owned is held by less than one percent of the adult population and more than 75 percent of all wealth is owned by 20 percent of American adults. The plain fact is that most Americans have no wealth at all aside from their homes, automobiles, and a small amount of savings.

Income in the United States is not as highly concentrated as wealth. In 1917 the richest 10 percent of American families received 26.1 percent of all income, while the poorest 10 percent received 17 percent, mainly from Social Security and other government payments. The most striking aspect of income distribution is that it has not changed significantly since the end of World War II. Although economic growth has roughly doubled real disposable (可自由使用的) family income (the money left after taxes and adjusted for inflation) over the last generation, the size of the shares given to the rich and the poor is about the same. By any measure economic inequality is great in the United States.

The reality behind these statistics is that a large number of Americans are poor. In 1918, 14 percent of the population was living below the federal government’s poverty line, which at that time was an annual income of $ 9 287 for a nonfarm family of two adults and two children. In other words, about one out of seven Americans over 31 million people was officially considered unable to buy the basic necessities of food, clothes, and shelter. The suggested poverty line in 1981 would have been an income of about $11 200 for a family of four. By this relative definition, about 20 percent of the population or more than 45 million Americans are poor.

What does the majority of the Americans have in terms of wealth?

A. Their income and savings.

B. Everything they own in their homes.

C. Actually, they have no wealth at all.

D. Their house, cars and small amounts of savings.

What is the percentage of wealth that is in the hands of most Americans?

A. More than 25%. B. Less than 25%.

C. More than 75%. D. Less than 20%.

Why is economic inequality still great in the US in spite of the economic growth?

A. Because the proportion of income received by the rich and the poor remains almost the same as in 1917.

B. Because the economic growth has widened the gap of the family income between the rich and the poor.

C. Because income in the US is still concentrated in the hands of the richest 10% of American families.

D. Because some Americans made great fortunes during the Second World War.

What can we learn from comparison of the two poverty lines in the last paragraph?

A. The poverty line of 1918 is more favorable to the poor than that of 1981.

B. The 1981 line didn’t leave much to the poor.

C. There were more Americans who were officially poor by the 1981 line.

D. There were more Americans who were officially poor by the 1918 line.

From the last two sentences we can see that 1981 government’s poverty line _______.

A. was of no good for the poor B. was not put into operation then

C. was officially approved D. was not helpful to the poor

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下图描述的是全球环境问题。请仔细观察这幅漫画，用英语写一篇短文，阐明漫画中所反映的问题，并提出解决此问题的方法(至少三点)。

注意：

1.仔细品味图中文字的韵味，可以适当发挥想象，不要做简单描述;

2.词数100个左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数;

3. 作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。

From the picture, we can see that pollution is posing a threat to our earth, which comes in many ways.

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Millions of years ago dinosaurs (恐龙) lived on the earth. In the days of dinosaurs the whole earth was warm and wet. There were green forests and they could find enough to eat. Later, parts of the earth became cold and dry. and the forests there died. Then dinosaurs could not find enough to eat. This must be one reason why dinosaurs died out.

We can guess another reason. New kinds of animals came on the earth. Some had big brains and were fast and strong. They could kill dinosaurs. There may be other reasons that we don’t know about yet. Scientists are trying to make more discoveries about dinosaurs.

Dinosaurs were of many sizes and shapes (形状). Some were as small as chickens, while some were about 90 feet long.

There were also terrible fights between dinosaurs. They might have happened more than 100 million years ago. Though there was no man to see any of the fights, we can be told by the animal’s footprints (足迹) that fight did take place.

1.According to the passage, dinosaurs did exist only ______on the earth.

A．for millions of years	B．millions of years ago
C．more than 100 millions years ago	D．when it was warm and wet somewhere

2.One reason why dinosaurs died out is that______.

A．there were too many dinosaurs

B．parts of the earth became cold and dry

C．the dead forests there could not supply them with enough food

D．they couldn’t find enough to eat

3.One more reason may be that ______.

A．new kinds of animals came on the earth

B．some fast and strong animals with big brains could kill them

C．some dinosaurs were as small as chickens

D．some big dinosaurs died in the fights

4.We can see from this passage ______.

A．scientists are trying to make some dinosaurs	B．dinosaurs are dangerous enough
C．dinosaurs are worth studying	D．scientists know nothing about dinosaurs

One night last February, a seventeen-year-old Duffy drove home along a winding road, he saw a strange light thrown against the tree. “I knew it wasn’t the moon”, he said. “I drive this road all the time and I notice little things out of place.”

Duffy stopped his car and got out to examine. Below him far down in the deep valley lay a broken car with its headlights on. Thirty minutes earlier, a man had driven off the edge of the road, which has no guardrail. His car fell and rolled end over end, landing on its top more than two hundred feet below.

Duffy rushed to call for help, then returned and got down to reach the injured driver. Snow covered the valley and the temperature was below freezing. After struggling back up the cliff, Duffy took off his jacket and shirt and wrapped the injured man in time, along with the blankets from his car.

Life-saving deeds are starting to become usual action for Duffy, the oldest of seven children. When he was 12, he saved his ten-year-old brother from drowning. Two years ago, his three-year-old sister ate rat poison, and Duffy cleaned out her mouth, make her drink milk to protect her stomach and called doctors.

“We have tried to teach the children good values, and it looks like we have got some reward for it.” His father says.

46. The strange light came from ________.

A. The bright moon. B. Duffy’s car.

C. The broken car in the valley D. an unknown place

47. The phrase” landing on its top” means the car lay_________.

A. on the top of the cliff B. with its wheels upward

C. with its head upward D. on the road as usual

48. Duffy wrapped the man because_________.

A. he was badly injured B. he had lost too much blood

C. he had nothing on D. it was too cold that day

49. From the above article, we can see Duffy has saved ________ at least.

A. two B. three C. four D. five

50. “We have tried to teach the children good values” may probably mean Duffy’s parents often tell their children_________.

A. to help people in danger B. how to save people’s lives

C. to remember the value of the car D. how to do business

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