题目内容

Everybody hates it, but everybody does it. A recent report said that 40％of Americans hate tipping. In America alone, tipping is a $16 billion-a-year industry. Consumers acting politely ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service. Tips should not exist. So why do they? The common opinion in the past was that tips both rewarded the efforts of good service and reduced uncomfortable feelings of inequality. And also, tipping makes for closer relations. It went without saying that the better the service, the bigger the tip.

But according to a new research from Cornell University, tips no longer serve any useful function. The paper analyzes numbers they got from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The connection between larger tips and better service was very weak. Only a tiny part of the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service.

Tipping is better explained, by culture than by the money people spend. In America, the custom came into being a long time ago. It is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In New York restaurants, failing to tip at least l5% could well mean dissatisfaction from the customers. Hairdressers can expect to get l5%-20%, and the man who delivers your fast food $2. In Europe, tipping is less common. In many restaurants the amount of tip is decided by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all. Only a few have really taken to tipping.

According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell papers' author, countries in which people are more social or outgoing tend to tip more. Tipping may reduce anxiety about being served by strangers. And Mr. Lynn says, “In America, where people are expressive and eager to mix up with others, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off."

1. This passage is mainly about ________.

A. different kinds of tipping in different countries

B. the relationship between tipping and custom

C. the origin and present meaning of tipping

D. most American people hate tipping

2.Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase "caught on"?

A. become popular. B. been hated.

C. been stopped. D. been permitted

3.Among the following situations, in your opinion, who is likely to tip most?

A. A Frenchman just quarreled with the barber who did his hair badly in New York.

B. An American just had a wonderful dinner in a well known restaurant in New York.

C. A Japanese businessman asked for a pizza delivery from a Pizza Hut in New York.

D. A Chinese student enjoyed his meal in a famous fast food restaurant in New York.

4.We can infer from this passage that ________.

A. tipping is no longer a good way to satisfy some customers themselves

B. tipping is especially popular in New York

C. tipping in America can make service better now

D. tipping has something to do with people's character

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语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

With the development of industry， air pollution is getting more and more serious. In Shanghai, many people suffer from different kinds of illnesses because 1. air pollution.

Air pollution is 2. （main） caused by the following reasons. About half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars and buses on the road， 3. give off 4. （poison） gases. 35% of air pollution is caused by factories. 5. factor is the smokers. 6. （smoke）does harm to others’ health as well as to 7. of the smokers. Besides, about 10% of air pollution is caused by other reasons.

We should take some measures to fight against pollution. New fuel can be used to take 8. place of gas. We can plant more trees, grass and flowers. All in all, if everybody realizes the 9. （important） of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem 10. （solve）.

Do you know what is love? Love is a telephone which always keeps silent when you are longing for a call, but rings when you are not ready for it. As a result, we often miss the sweetness from the other end.

Love is a telephone which is seldom program-controlled or directly dialed. You cannot get an immediate answer by a mere "hello", let alone go deep into your lover's heart by one call. Usually it had to be relayed by an operator, and you have to be patient in waiting. Destiny(命运) is the operator of this phone, who is always irresponsible and fond of playing practical jokes to make you a lifelong victim intentionally or unintentionally.

Love is a telephone which is always busy, When you are ready to die for love, you only find, to your disappointment, the line is already occupied by someone else, and you are greeted only by a busy line. This is an eternal regret handed down from generation to generation and you are only one of those who languish for（因。。。受煎熬）followers.

Love is telephone, but it is difficult to seize the center time for dialing, and you will let slip the opportunity if your call is either too early or too late.

Love is a telephone which is not always associated with happiness. Honeyed words are transmitted by sound waves, but when the lovers are brought together, the phone servers no purpose that many lovers observe that marriage is the doom of love.

Love is a telephone which, when you use it for the first time, makes you so nervous and excited that you either hold the receiver upside down or dial the wrong number. By the time you've calmed down, you will beat a loss to whom you should make the call.

Love is a telephone which often has crossed lines. And this usually happens to you unexpectedly. Your time will either cross or be crossed. Both cases are referred to as "triangle". Fortunately, all such occurrences are transient(转瞬即逝的).

1.Which statement has the closest meaning to the underlined sentence?

A．“all shall be well，Jack shall have Jill.”（有情人终成眷属）

B. Love is all we have in life

C．A lifelong love is not only romantic but also practical

D．Beauty is in the eyes of beholder

2.Which is the synonym with the underlined word ”doom”?

A．monument B．final end

C．key point D．substitute

3.In which part can this passage probably be found ?

A．advertisement B．financial

C． Education D．emotion

4.What is the best title of the passage?

A. Love is transient B．Love is permanent

C．What’s love in life D．Love is a telephone

I did not know the number, but I his voice when he said "Hey, Mike. It's me.”

A. realized B. reduced

C. replaced D. recognized

Brothers Ishmael and Isadore were complete opposites. People who knew them both could hardly believe they were from the same planet, let alone the same family. The boys were not unkind toward one another, but their personalities（个性）were so different that it was difficult for them to reach a decision they both liked. Their mother frequently played the judge in their disagreement.

Ishmael, the older brother,was athletic. He played baseball, football, and basketball.Isadore, the younger brother, hated sports. He was quieter and less active than his brother. He preferred spending his time on the computer, making short videos and writing short articles. Ishmael loved classic rock. He listened to bands like the Beatles. Isadore didn’t care much for those bands. He preferred music from Central Africa. Luckily for their parents, both boys enjoyed listening to music through headphones.

One other thing the brothers did agree on was that they wanted a pet. Mom had resisted getting one, but after both brothers had begged, she finally agreed.“We can get a pet, as long as you two take care of it,” she said.That means you do the feeding, you do the training, and if it needs to be walked, you do the walking. “No problem, Mom,”Ishmael and Isadore said together. “Good, we all agree,” Mom said. “Now, what kind of pet are we going to get?”

1.The two brothers’ mother often had to be the judge when they ______.

A. played basketball

B. had writing contests

C. couldn’t come to an agreement

D. couldn’t reach a decision on headphones

2.The underlined word“resisted”in the last paragraph probably means“_______”.

A. disagreed with B. insisted on

C. regretted D. suggested

3.What will probably happen next?

A. The brothers will both want a pet to play sports with.

B. The brothers can’t agree on what pet to get.

C. The brothers will both be unkind to the pet.

D. The brothers can’t agree on the pet’s name.

4.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. brothers and their pet

B. brothers and their life

C. brothers of different personalities

D. brothers of different hobbies

短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

In order to promote participation in outdoor exercise, our school had organized an activity to climb the West Mountain on April 10. The moment we arrived at the foot of a mountain, we set out for the top in high spirit. We supported each other to pass the rocky areas on the course of the climb. Laughing and cheering, we eventually reached the summit, there we were greeted by the bright sunshine and fresh air. Viewing from the top, the city was extremely beautiful This event was very benefit, for not only we take a break from our heavy school workload, but we also learned what to cooperate. Therefore, we strongly suggest that similar events are held every year!

The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert （警觉）. Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze（凝视） starts to lose its focus — until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?

Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise （同样地） when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

1.The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s__.

A. sense of hearing B. sense of sight

C. sense of touch D. sense of smell

2.Babies are sensitive to the change in______.

A. the size of cards B. the colour of pictures

C. the shape of patterns D. the number of objects

3.Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?

A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.

B. To see how babies recognize sounds.

C. To carry their experiment further.

D. To keep the babies’ interest.

4.Where does this text probably come from?

A. Science fiction. B. Children’s literature.

C. An advertisement. D. A science report.

短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

I was taking a train to London’s Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.

Before long, a train inspector comes to check out tickets. A passenger realized he couldn’t find his ticket but became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success.

No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. Yet, they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in.

书面表达

假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Chris刚刚转学，感到一切都很陌生。他在邮件中向你询问如何尽快融入新环境，请你根据以下信息回信。

1．多跟同学交流沟通；

2．积极参加学校活动；．

3．向老师寻求帮助。

注意：1．词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Chris，

I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble fitting in at your new school．

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Yours,

Li Hua

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