题目内容

Our club is open to everyone ____ age, sex or educational background.

A. due to B. except for C. along with D. regardless of

 

D

【解析】

试题分析: Regardless of是固定用法,意思是无论……。due to由于;except for除……之外;along with和……一起;regardless of无论。这里意思是“无论年龄,性别或是教育背景”,所以选D。句意:我们的俱乐部对每个人都开放,无论年龄,性别或是教育背景。

考点:考查短语词义辨析及语境理解。

 

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The behaviour of a building’s users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK promises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放)by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own — though extremely important- is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the people using the building has to change too.

The study suggests that the ways that people use and live in their homes have been largely ignored by existing efforts to improve energy efficiency (效率),which instead focus on architectural and technological developments.

‘Technology is going to assist but it is not going to do everything,’explains Katy Janda, a UKERC senior researcher,‘consumption patterns of building users can defeat the most careful design. ’In other words,old habits die hard, even in the best-designed eco-home.

Another part of the problem is information. Households and bill-payers don’t have the knowledge they need to change their energy-use habits. Without specific information,it’s hard to estimate the costs and benefits of making different choices. Feedback (反馈) facilities, like smart meters and energy monitors,could help bridge this information gap by helping people see how changing their behaviour directly affects their energy use; some studies have shown that households can achieve up to 15 percent energy savings using smart meters.

Social science research has added a further dimension (方面),suggesting that individuals’behaviour in the home can be personal and cannot be predicted 一 whether people throw open their windows rather than turn down the thermostat (恒温器) , for example.

Janda argues that education is the key. She calls for a focused programme to teach people about buildings and their own behaviour in them.

1.As to energy use, the new research from UKERC stresses the importance of________.

A.zero-carbon homes B. the behaviour of building users

C.sustainable building designD. the reduction of carbon emissions

2.The underlined word “which” in Paragraph 2 refers to”________.”

A. the waysB. their homes

C.developments D. existing efforts

3.What are Katy Janda’s words mainly about?

A.The importance of changing building users, habits.

B.The necessity of making a careful building design.

C.The variety of consumption patterns of building users.

D.The role of technology in improving energy efficiency.

4.The information gap in energy use _______.

A.can be bridged by feedback facilities

B.affects the study on energy monitors

C. brings about problems for smart meters

D.will be caused by building users’ old habits

5.What does the dimension added by social science research suggest?

A.The social science research is to be furthered.

B.The education programme is under discussion.

C.The behaviour of building users is unpredictable.

D.The behaviour preference of building users is similar.

 

Working with a group of baboons (狒狒)in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology,Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.

She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.

The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.

This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认 知的)tasks not because they aren’t clever enough to solve them,but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.

The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don’t associate with the knowledgeable individuals,or they are too shy to use the information once they have it,information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.

1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A. The design of Dr. Carter’s research.

B. The results of Dr. Carter’s research.

C.The purpose of Dr. Carter’s research.

D. The significance of Dr. Carter’s research.

2.According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?

A. Those that have more experience.

B. Those that can avoid potential risks.

C. Those that like to work independently.

D. Those that feel anxious about learning.

3.Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?

A. Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.

B. Some baboons are shy but active in social activities.

C. Some baboons observe others but don’t follow them.

D. Some baboons perform new tasks but don’t concentrate.

4.Dr. Carter’s findings indicate that our culture might be formed through.

A. storing information

B. learning from each other

C. understanding different people

D. travelling between social groups

 

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