题目内容

The plants grown in greenhouse ________ from the wind, rain and insects.


  1. A.
    protect
  2. B.
    protected
  3. C.
    is protected
  4. D.
    are protected
D
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Move the plants to a south-facing window, ________they can absorb daytime heat.

A．thatB．when C．whichD．Where

Plants have family values, too; it seems, with new research suggesting they can recognize close relatives in order to work together.

An ability to tell family from strangers is well known in animals, allowing them to cooperate and share resources, but plants may possess similar social skills, scientists believe.

Susan Dudley and Amanda File of McMaster University in Ontario, Canada, report they have demonstrated for the first time that plants can recognize their kin.

This suggests that plants, though lacking recognition and memory, are capable of complex social interactions.

“Plants have this kind of hidden but complicated social life，” Dudley said.

The study found plants from the same species of beach­-dwelling wildflower grew aggressively alongside unrelated neighbors but were less competitive when they shared soil with their families.

Sea rocket, a North American species, showed stronger and healthier root growth when planted in pots with strangers than when raised with relatives from the same maternal(母系的) family, the study found.

This is an example of kin selection, a behavior common in animals in which closely related individuals take a group approach to succeeding in their environment, the researchers said.

Kin selection also applies to competition, because if family members compete less with each other, the group will do better overall. “Everywhere you look, plants are growing right up next to other plants，” Dudley said，“ Usually it’s a case of each plant for itself. But sometimes those plants are related, and there are benefits to not wasting resources on being competitive, and there is not really a cost to not being competitive as long as your neighbor is also not being competitive.”

Learning and memory appear to be important for kin recognition in animals, but this isn’t an option for plants, she noted.

Some researchers speculate(猜测) that plants communicate through their roots, identifying themselves using tiny chemical signatures specific to each plant’s family.

1.What’s the main idea of the message?

A．Studies find plants can recognize, communicate with relatives.

B．Kin selection is important for plants.

C．Animals can recognize and memorize their relatives.

D．Competition asks plants to recognize their relatives.

2.Which of the following is NOT right about animals’ social skill?

A．Animals can recognize and memorize their relatives.

B．Animals’ social skill is to cooperate and share resources.

C．Animals’ social skill can recognize close relatives in order to work together.

D．Animals’ social skill is no use at all.

3.Plants’ kin selection is to ________.

A．grow well                             B．compete with other kinds of plants

C．strengthen the relationship among siblings    D．find which one is the best

4.From the passage，we learn that ________.

A．sea rocket is a South American species

B．sea rocket grows aggressively alongside unrelated neighbors

C．sea rocket grows aggressively alongside its siblings

D．sea rocket is a kind of bush without flowers

5.How can the plants communicate with each other according to experts’ suppose?

A．Plants communicate by using tiny chemical signatures specific to each plant’s family.

B．Plants communicate with each other through their roots.

C．Plants communicate with each other by their leaves.

D．Plants communicate with each other with their flowers.

 

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Without plants, people could not live. We eat plants. ____56____  And we need plants for another reason: we need them because they are beautiful.

___57____  Imagine no flowers with their sweet smell, their beautiful colors and their lovely shapes. Imagine, when the wind blows, we’re not able to hear the leaves in the trees or watch the branches swing from side to side.

___58____  That is why we have parks full of trees and flowers. That is why people always like houses with room for some grass or a garden.

Do you talk to your plants?  ___59____  Peter Tompking and Christopher Bird wrote a book called The Secret Life Of Plants, telling of an experiment in which two seeds were planted in different places. While the plants were growing, one plant was given love and hopeful ideas. The other plant was given only hopeless ideas.  ___60____  Under the earth it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem and more leaves. While the other one nearly stopped growing.

A．Plants get energy from the sun.

B．Do you give them love and attention?

C．After six months, the deserted plant faded away.

D．After six months, the beloved plant was bigger.

E. We take in oxygen that plants make.

F. Everywhere people need beautiful plants.

G. Imagine a world with no plants.

 

---- Mary, you water the plants in the garden and I will cook the dinner. 

----_____  

A．Why me?

B．Forget it.

C．That’s all right.

D．OK, that’s settled.

 

People have been growing chrysanthemums（菊花）for more than 2,000 years. Mums make bright and colorful gardens. People in China and other Asian cultures make tea with the flowers.

    One basic kind of mum is the garden mum. The other basic kind is the florist mum. The garden mum is better able to handle different growing conditions.

    There are many varieties of mums. The decorative mum is often seen in gardens. Another popular type, the quill mum, has long, straight petals（花瓣）like a tube or needle.

    Chrysanthemum blooms can be white, yellow, gold, red or other colors. The plants often grow one meter high.

    The soil for chrysanthemums should be kept moist but well drained so it does not get too wet.

    Newly-planted mums should be watered two or three times a week, depending on conditions. Plants established in the ground may do well just with normal rainfall.

    Mums grow best in full sunshine. They produce colorful blooms when days get shorter and nights get longer. The life cycle of the plant depends on the amount of daylight. This is why experts advise against placing mums near night lights or street lights. The light may interfere with their normal growth cycle. The plants may develop buds too soon.

    In climates where temperatures fall below freezing, plant mums at least six weeks before the first frost. That way, the plants will be well established for cold weather.

    Some gardeners say the most beautiful presentation comes from planting mums close together. But be sure to leave enough space to let air flow between the plants. If not, there may be a greater chance of disease.

    To get more blooms, gardeners pinch（掐）back the branches when new growth has reached fifteen centimeters. Squeeze about five to seven centimeters off each branch. Pinch it again when a branch grows another twelve to fifteen centimeters. Stop the pinching about one hundred days before you want the plants to bloom.

1. What has a great effect on the life cycle of the mum?

    A. The conditions of the soil.            B. The amount of daylight.

    C. The amount of rainfall.               D. Cold weather.

2.Why do gardeners pinch back the branches when new growth reaches certain length?

    A. To make mums grow thick.          B. To get more blooms.

    C. To prevent mums from falling ill.      D. To let air flow between the plants.

3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Growing mums has a very long history and all the people in the world like making tea with mums.

B. Mums can grow one meter high and the closer they are planted, the higher they grow.

C. Though planting mums close together can make them look more beautiful, enough space should be left.

D. The petals of mums are long and straight and the more water mums get, the more quickly they grow.

 

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