Abuse can be defined as “to treat wrongfully or harmfully”．There are different categories of abuse that have been recognized and within our case study there appear to be two distinct forms of abuse, family abuse and child abuse．These can be subdivided into terms of physical abuse and psychological abuse．Physical abuse is the intentional physical injury or harm or deliberately not preventing harm occurring．The minimum physical signs seen in our study of James are bruises but they might feel more painful to his heart than the more serious invisible injuries．Emotional abuse is the continual failure to meet basic emotional needs．Emotional development is prevented and well-being harmed．The emotional signs in our case study can be seen in James by his actions of being withdrawn and non-communicative．The behavioural sign to abuse taking place to James is his aggressive behaviour．
The short term effect of physical abuse on James is physical pain．In the long term, injuries that often happen can result in secondary illness and complications, permanent scars or even disabilities．His emotional effects in the short term are a fear of people, withdrawal, and poor relationship with others．The long term emotional effects could be low self-respect, depression, inability to form relationships．
Abuse can arise for many reasons and there are a number of theoretical views which may be useful in clarifying why the abuse has taken place．The female view believes that sex and family roles give approval to a culture of abuse．Considering the historical and fixed ideas, men have power and control．In James' case he lives in a re-constructed family with the father being rude and a heavy drinker．From a psychological angle, alcohol misuse can bring mental health problems which may increase aggression in the person and so James is more at risk from abuse by his stepfather．The relationship between the mother and James involves a dependency of James on his mother．With other problems in James' mother's life, this leads to increasing stress and the inability of his mother to cope with and manage a family with four children borne by two mothers．The attachment theory states that significant separations of a child from the carer in the early years can have an effect on their emotional development and can lead to psychological and social difficulties in later life．The loss of both his father and his half sister's father with whom he lives may have contributed to his behaviour．
Abusive behaviour can sometimes be the result of mental health problems, brain damage or being abused themselves．By becoming the abuser they believe they are taking control; some even believe that they are not doing anything wrong and cannot stop themselves．When working with individuals who have abused, it is important to be aware that they may go on to abuse again and there is a need to protect the community from the abuser．
(1)
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “bruises” in Paragraph 1?
[ ]
A．
Slight injury
B．
Deep Cut
C．
Body disability
D．
Inner wound
(2)
According to the writer's case study, which of the following cases can be defined as abuse?
[ ]
A．
A father scolds his son because he doesn't pass the exam in school．
B．
A car knocks down a woman but the driver doesn't take her to hospital．
C．
A father never talks to his daughter and shows no interest in what she does．
D．
A husband is angry with his wife when she stays out late into the night．
(3)
From the passage we can infer that ________．
[ ]
A．
James' step father doesn't show any concern for his mother
B．
James' mother gave birth to a girl in the re-constructed family
C．
James' stepfather is rude to all the children in the family
D．
James' mother loves her husband more than her own son
(4)
Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
You are about to say something to your younger brother when he gestures that he’s got a phone message．
“But I didn’t hear the ring, ”you say．
“Because you are too old, ”your brother answers．
Don’t get mad．He’s just telling you the truth．
Teenagers in Britain and the US have a weapon against the older generation, especially parents and teachers．It’s a ring tone that many adults cannot hear．
According to a recent report from the New York Times, in some Manhattan schools, students have begun using the technology．Cellphone use is usually forbidden in class．But using the high-pitched(频率)ring tone, students can successfully exchange phone messages without being found by their teachers．
The technology relies on the fact that most adults gradually lose the ability to hear high-pitched sounds, It was developed in Britain but has recently spread to America by the Internet．
However, the technology was originally aimed at annoying teenagers, not the other way around．
Called the Mosquito, it was marketed last year by a Welsh security company．It is an ear-splitting 17-kilohertz buzzer(蜂鸣器)designed to help shopkeepers get rid of young people hanging around in front of their stores．Humans can hear sounds taking place in a frequency range between 200 and 20,000 hertz, as the research shows．But our hearing gradually becomes worse when we grow up．
(1)
Students in some Manhattan schools have begun using the technology, so they can ________．
[ ]
A．
talk in class without being heard by their teachers
B．
use cellphones to send messages in class
C．
hear better in class than their teachers
D．
improve their hearing ability
(2)
The underlined phrase“the other way around”implies the ________．
[ ]
A．
adults are annoyed now
B．
teenagers are annoyed now
C．
adults are not annoyed now
D．
both adults and teenagers are annoyed now
(3)
According to this passage, what will happen to a person when he is over twenty?
[ ]
A．
He can hear sounds with frequencies between 200 and 20,000 hertz．
B．
He can hear sounds with a frequency of 17-kilohertz．
C．
He cannot hear sounds with frequencies between 200 and 20,000 hertz．
D．
He cannot hear sounds with a frequency of 17-kilohertz．
(4)
It can be concluded from the passage that ________．
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