D

It is a hot summer day,and you feel thirsty. A friend gives you a glass of cold lemonade. How do you feel when you see the glass? Will you describe your feeling as happiness or as pleasure? I believe you will say it is a feeling of pleasure. There is a connection between these two kinds of feelings and sometimes one causes the other,but they are not the same. Pleasure is more dependent on the five senses while happiness is independent of them.

When you are happy, little unpleasant events usually do not disturb you. When you are unhappy, you feel as iP everything is against you. You may compensate for it by eating chocolates and sweets because this gives you pleasure, yet you stay unhappy. A person may smoke cigarettes because it gives him pleasure, yet this does not make him happier4 especially if he knows the fact that it is not good for his health.

The physical world is always in a changing state. At each moment a new thing is being created, changed, transformed and then destroyed. This Ls the normal state of things and no one can change it. If we stay still in a cer?tain state, we are sure to experience unhappiness sooner or later. On the other hand, if we adjust to the environment, nothing can influence our moods. Then outer events have nothing to do with our inner joy of mind.

The room of the mind is filled with worry or fear. If you are free of thinking about them, the room has been emptied,and then you will see what is happening and experience it. When your mind stays quiet, you will see that happiness comes from the inside.

12.  What does the underlined phrase "compensate for" in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?

  A.  To make a suitable payment for.

B.  To let out your anger for.

C.  To provide with a balancing effect for.

D.  To solve the problems for.

13.  According to the passage, in which of the following situations can you feel happy?

  A.  A friend gives you a glass of cold lemonade when you feel thirsty.

B.  You eat chocolates and sweets when you feel as if everything is against you.

C.  Smoke cigarettes even though you knew the fact that it is not good for your health.

D.  You are free from worry or fear when your mind stays quiet.

14.  We can learn from the passage______ .

  A.  happiness is more dependent on the five senses

B.  pleasure sometimes arouses happiness

C.  you feel happy when nothing around you changes in a certain state

D.  you feel unhappy because you have to adjust to the environment

15.  Which can be the best title for the passage?

A. Pleasure leads to happiness    B.  Happiness changes us

C..Happiness is within us       D.  Stay a quiet mind

 The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the environment in hospitals may play a significant role in the process of recovery from illness.

  As part of a nationwide effort in Britain to bring art out of the galleries(画廊)and into pub?lic places, some of the country's most gifted artists have been called in to change older hospitals and to soften the hard edges of modern buildings. Of the 2 , 500 National Health Service hospitals in Britain, almost 100 now have significant collections of modern art in corridors(走道),waiting areas and treatment rooms.

  These recent initiatives(new plans) owe a great deal to one artist,Peter Senior, who set up his studio at a Manchester Hospital in Northeastern England during the early 1970s. He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society, and that art should be enjoyed by a wider audience.

  A common hospital waiting room might have as many as 5 ,000 visitors each week. What a better place to hold regular exhibitions of art and paintings,in the outpatients waiting area of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975. Believed to be Britain's first hospital artist,Senior was so much in demand that he was soon joined by a team of six young art school graduations.

  The effect is striking. Now in the corridors and waiting rooms, the visitor experiences a full view of fresh colors, playful images and restful courtyard.

  The quality of the environment may reduce the need for expense when a patient is recovering from an illness. A study has shown that patients who had a view onto a garden nee?ded half the number of strong painkillers compared with patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.

(   ) 5. What does the author mean by using the phrase "to soften the hard edge of modern buildings" in the second paragraph?

A.     To hold exhibitions of art and paintings in hospitals.

B.     To tear down the old hospital and build a new one.

C.     To decorate hospitals with art collection.

D.     To paint the walls of hospitals in soft colors. 

(   ) 6. What is true about Peter Senior?

E.      A famous doctor in Manchester Hospital and a gifted artist.

F.      Britain's first hospital artist and a patient in Manchester Royal Hospital.

G.     One of the six young art school graduations.

H.     A gifted artist and a pioneer introducing art into hospitals.
(   ) 7. According to Peter Senior,we can infer that      

A.     modern hospitals have a lot of patients

B.     art is hot appreciated by a large number of people in modern society

C.     patients should be encouraged to learn painting

D.     artists can not find their positions in modern society 

(   ) 8. What does the last paragraph suggest?

A.    The improvement of hospital environment may help the patients recover from illness.

B.     The improvement of hospital environment may be more effective than the medical treatment.

C.     The hard wall of the hospital worsens the patients.

D.    The patients would suffer from no pain at all after they had a longer view onto the garden.

 If you ask people to name the one person who had the greatest effect on the English lan?guage ,you will get answers like ilShakespeare" "Samuel Johnson" and "Webster", but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn't even speak English―William the Conqueror.

  Before 1066 ,in the land we now call Great Britain lived people belonging to two major language groups. In the west-central region were the Welsh, who spoke a Celtic language, and in the north lived the Scots, whose language, thought not the same as Welsh, was also Celtic. In the rest of the country lived the Saxons, actually a mixture of Anglos, Saxons, and other Germanic and Nordic peoples, who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon (or Old English) ,a Germanic language. If this state of affairs had lasted, English today would be close to German.

  But this state of affairs did not last. In 1066 the Normans led by William defeated the Sax?ons and began their rule over England. For about a century, French became the official language of England while Old English became the language of peasants. As a result, English words of politics and the law come from French rather than German. In some cases, modern English even shows a distinction(区别) between upper-class French and lower-class Anglo-Saxon in its words. We even have different words for some foods, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked,which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing farming,while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.

  When Americans visit Europe for the first time,they usually find Germany more "foreign" than France because the German they see on signs and advertisements seems much more different from English than French does. Few realize that the English language is actually Germanic in its beginning and that the French influences are all the result of one man's ambition.
(   ) 5. The two major languages spoken in what is now called Great Britain before 1066 were      

A. Welsh and Scottish    B. Nordic and Germanic

C. Celtic and Old English    D. Anglo-Saxon and Germanic

(   ) 6. Which of the following groups of words are,by inference, rooted in French?

A. President, lawyer, beef. B. President, bread, water.

C. Beard,field,sheep. D. Folk,field, cow.

(   ) 7. Why does France appear less foreign than Germany to Americans on their first visit to Europe?

A.     Most advertisements in France appear in English.

B.     They know little of the history of the English language.

C.     Many French words are similar to English ones.

D.     They know French better than German.

(   ) 8. What may be the best title of the passage, according to what you have read?

A. The History of Great Britain

B.     The Similarity between English and French

C.     The Rule of England by William the Conqueror

D.     The French Influences on the English Language

 Sometimes people come into your life and you come to realize that they were meant to be there,to serve some sort of purpose,teach you a lesson,or to help you figure out who you are or who you want to become. You never know who these people may be (possibly your room?mate,neighbor, co-worker,long-lost friend, or even a complete stranger),but when you lock eyes with them,you know in an instant that they will affect your life in some way.

  And sometimes things happen to you that may seem horrible, painful, and unfair at first,but in reflection you find that without overcoming those obstacles you would never have realized your potential, strength, willpower or heart. Everything happens for a reason. Nothing happens by chance or by means of good luck. Illness,injury,love,brilliant achievements,and sheer(十足的)stupidity all occur to test the limits of your soul. Without these small tests, whatever they may be,life would be like a smoothly paved(铺平的),straight,flat road to nowhere. It would be safe and comfortable, but dull and completely pointless.

  The people you meet who affect your life,and the ups and downs you experience can be learned from. In fact,they are probably the most important ones. If someone hurts you,forgive them,for they have helped you learn about trust and the importance of being careful when you open your heart. If someone loves you,love them back,not only because they love you,but because in a way,they are teaching you to love and how to open your heart and eyes to things.

(   ) 5. ________ may become the people who affect you a lot in your life.

A.     A friend who lost touch with you for a long time

B.     A passer-by who you don't know at all

C.     A classmate who hurt you

D.     All of the above

(   ) 6. In the opinion of the writer,which of the following may be the meaningful life to a person?

A.     A safe life without illness or injury.

B.     A life with some small obstacles.

C.     A comfortable life without any obstacles.

D.     A quiet life without anyone's interruption.

(   ) 7. What does the underlined phrase "in reflection" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A.     Thinking about something in return.

B.     Looking forward.

C.     Talking about something with your friends.

D.     Finally finding an idea.

(   ) 8. Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?

A.     The Story of Life

B.     Everything May Happen

C.     Making Good Friends

D.     We Love the People Around Us

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