题目内容

Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the job’s wages, its holidays and its other benefits.

  Job sharing differs from conventional(常规的) part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.

  Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing by contrast, is not designed to address the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.

  As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain’s Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence.  

   The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.

44. In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?

A. Work sharing requires more working hours.

B. Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.

C. Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.

D. Work sharing depends on the employer’s decision.

45. According to paragraph4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part-time work mainly because______.

A. they sought higher social status

B. they were over ideal working ages

C. they had difficulty finding full-time jobs

D. they had to take care of both work and family

46. In job sharing the partners should ______.

A. enjoy equal social status

B. have similar work experience

C. keep in touch with each other

D. know each other very well

 BAD

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　　Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job．The people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker．If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the job's wages, its holidays and its other benefits．

　　Job sharing differs from conventional(常规的)part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment．

　　Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people．Job sharing by contrast, is not designed to address the growing number of unemployed people．Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities．

　　As would be expected, most job sharers are women．A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain's Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age．Subsequent studies have come up with similar results．Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status．Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence．

　　The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs．However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position．Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones．In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals．

(1)

In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?

[　　]

A．

Work sharing requires more working hours．

B．

Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs．

C．

Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary．

D．

Work sharing depends on the employer's decision．

(2)

According to paragraph4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part-time work mainly because ________．

[　　]

A．

they sought higher social status

B．

they were over ideal working ages

C．

they had difficulty finding full-time jobs

D．

they had to take care of both work and family

(3)

In job sharing the partners should ________．

[　　]

A．

enjoy equal social status

B．

have similar work experience

C．

keep in touch with each other

D．

know each other very well

Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the job’s wages, its holidays and its other benefits.
Job sharing differs from conventional(常规的) part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.
Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing by contrast, is not designed to address the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.
As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain’s Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence.
The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.
【小题1】In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?

A．Work sharing requires more working hours.
B．Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.
C．Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.
D．Work sharing depends on the employer’s decision.
【小题2】According to paragraph4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part-time work mainly because______.
A．they sought higher social status
B．they were over ideal working ages
C．they had difficulty finding full-time jobs
D．they had to take care of both work and family
【小题3】In job sharing the partners should ______.
A．enjoy equal social status
B．have similar work experience
C．keep in touch with each other
D．know each other very well

Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 percent of the job’s wages, its holidays and its other benefits.

Job sharing differs from conventional(常规的) part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.

Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing by contrast, is not designed to address the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.

As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain’s Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence.

The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.

1.In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?

A．Work sharing requires more working hours.

B．Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.

C．Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.

D．Work sharing depends on the employer’s decision.

2.According to paragraph4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part-time work mainly because______.

A．they sought higher social status

B．they were over ideal working ages

C．they had difficulty finding full-time jobs

D．they had to take care of both work and family

3.In job sharing the partners should ______.

A．enjoy equal social status

B．have similar work experience

C．keep in touch with each other

D．know each other very well

 

When expanded families­­—children, parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles­­—lived in the same town and sometimes in the same house, a relative of the working parents took care of the children. But beginning with the Industrial Revolution, people moved away from farms and small towns to find better job chances in larger cities. Gradually nuclear families are often seen in the society, but there also appears the immediate family, with either the mother or the father living with the children because of divorce. Another variation is the mixed family, the result of a marriage between a previously married man and woman who combine the children from their former marriages into a new family.

Since 1950s and 1960s, a trend that has appeared is the sharing of child-care responsibilities between husband and wife. More and more women are working outside the home. Around 70 percent of women with children under 18 have other jobs besides that of mother and homemaker. Most are employed in traditional fields for females, such as sales, education, and service. Some are engineers, politicians, doctors, lawyers, and scientists. And at the end of twentieth century, even a few have begun to occupy vital positions in business, government, and banking, breaking through the so-called glass ceiling.

Money matters influence women to work. Some are employed full time, some part time, and some seek creative solutions such as flex-time work schedules and job sharing. Many are single mothers, in single-parent family, raising children by themselves. But in most cases, one income in the household is simply not enough, so both parents must work to support the family. The men are no longer the only breadwinners.

So who watches the children while the parents work? Answers to this question are varied. Some parents put children in day-care centers. Some parents put children in informal day-care centers in private homes. Companies and hospitals are realizing that providing day care at the workplace makes for happier and more productive employees. Some wealthy families can have a nanny, a woman who comes to care for the children in their own home. Many of these child-care workers are from other areas, e.g. South America and Eastern Europe.

From the last decade, the accessibility of technology­­—computers, faxes, teleconferencing­­—has made it easier for at-home workers to be constantly in touch. Will this new flexibility in the work force bring a positive change for taking care of children? Only time will tell.

59. What is an immediate family according to the passage?

A. An expanded family.                B. A mixed family.

C. A nuclear family.                     D. A single-parent family.

60. What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?

A. Women can get to the top positions easily.

B. Educated women are employed in many fields.

C. Women have more and more chances to work outside.

D. More and more women have children at very young age.

61. Employers make their employees more productive by ______.

A. putting their children in private centers

B. offering office equipments to workers

C. providing day care at the workplace

D. allowing them to work at home

62. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage?

A. Who Takes Care of Children?          B. Why do Women Work Outside?

C. What Benefits Single Parents?          D. How do People Support Families?
阅读理解。
     Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full-time job. The
two people willingly act as part-time workers, enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time
worker. If they each work half the job, for example, they each receive 50 per cent of the job's wages, its
holidays and its other benefits.
     Job sharing differs from conventional (常规的) part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly
skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment. Job
sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs
by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number
of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its
focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time
for other activities.
     As would be expected, most job sharers are women. A survey carded out in 1988 by Britain's Equal
Opportunities Commission showed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were
between 20 and 40 years of age Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these
women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time
work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into
full-time work after a long absence.
     The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work
quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership
will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner
before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting
ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat
each other as equals.
1. In what way is work sharing different from job sharing?
A. Work sharing requires more working hours.
B. Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs.
C. Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary.
D. Work sharing depends on the employer's decision.
2. According to Paragraph 4, young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part-time work mainly
    because _____.
A. they sought higher social status
B. they were over ideal working ages
C. they had difficulty finding full-time jobs
D. they had to take care of both work and family
3. In job sharing the partners should _____.
A. enjoy equal social status
B. have similar work experience
C. keep in touch with each other
D. know each other very well
4. The main purpose of the passage is to _____.
A. describe job sharing in general
B. discuss how to provide more jobs
C. recommend job sharing to women
D. compare job sharing with work sharing

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