题目内容
1.Vaccines are substances that help the body fight off diseases and illnesses.In the past they have helped save millions of lives around the world.Diseases are often caused by bacteria or viruses that attack the human body.A vaccine is a dead or very weak form of such a virus.When you get a vaccination from your doctor the body it gets used to these weaker viruses and can produce antibodies which stay active for a long time.When the real virus or bacteria attack,the body becomes immune and can defend itself.
People can get their vaccinations in many forms.Very often the vaccine is injected into your body,but vaccines are also taken by mouth or are breathed in.
Although many vaccines protect you throughout your life,some provide immunity for only a certain time.Vaccines against the flu must be administered every year,because the flu virus can change or may appear in a different form.
Most people already have a certain amount of immunity in their bodies.It is passed to them from their mother.However,these antibodies do not protect a baby for a long time,so that many vaccines are given to infants in their first years
Some illnesses only occur in certain areas.If you travel,for example,to tropical regions,you should get vaccines to protect you from yellow fever,malaria or hepatitis.
Vaccines have virtually put an end to many diseases.Smallpox,for example,was once one of the world's most serious diseases,which killed millions every year.By the end of the 1970s smallpox had disappeared completely because nearly everyone was vaccinated.
The first vaccines were created towards the end of the 18th century.An English scientist,Edward Jenner,carried out experiments with cowpox,a milder form of smallpox.He found out that people who got cowpox rarely got ill from smallpox.In France,Louis Pasteur developed a weak form of rabies to protect people from dog bites.In the 20th century polio has been wiped out completely.
Today there are vaccines for many illnesses.The most common are the flu,cholera,the plague,hepatitis.
Although vaccination is widely available and a part of the regular health program in almost all industrial countries,there are still countries,especially in the Third World where people die of serious diseases.About three million children each year are killed by diseases that could have been prevented.In developing countries almost two thirds of all children are not vaccinated.The World Health Organization is fighting to provide vaccines for these children.
58.Which paragraph of the passage gives the principle of vaccines?B
A.Paragraph 1
B.Paragraph 2
C.Paragraph 3
D.Paragraph 4
59.Which is true according to the passage?D
A.One should receive all kinds of vaccines to stay fully healthy.
B.Those who have got smallpox will never suffer from cowpox.
C.Everyone all over the world can benefit greatly from vaccines.
D.People have become free from some illnesses due to vaccines.
60.Which of the following would be the proper title for the passage?B
A.Some Diseases Have Disappeared
B.Vaccines Protect Us from Diseases
C.You Should Develop Your Immunity
D.Poor Children Are in Need of Vaccines.
分析 疫苗可以帮助身体战胜疾病.文章主要就疫苗的原理、如何获得身体疫苗、例证疫苗对人类健康的贡献进行了讲述.
解答 58-60 BDB
58.B 细节题.题干意思是"文章哪个段落讲述了疫苗的原理",根据第二段"When you get a vaccination from your doctor…"至结尾,所讲的都是疫苗的原理.
59 D 细节题. 根据文中"Most people already have a certain amount of immunity in their bodies"和"Some illnesses only occur in certain areas.",可推知,不是所有的疫苗都要接种,则A错误;又根据"Smallpox,for example,was once one of the world's most serious diseases,which killed millions every year.By the end of the 1970s smallpox had disappeared completely because nearly everyone was vaccinated.",这部分内容主要讲的是因为几乎人人接种了天花(smallpox)疫苗,到20世纪70年代,天花病完全消失了,并没有讲到B项的内容,则B错误;此外,根据"In developing countries almost two thirds of all children are not vaccinated.The World Health Organization is fighting to provide vaccines for these children.",可知C错误;那么,根据文章第一段内容得知,D正确.
60 B 主旨大意题.根据文章的大意,重点讲的是"疫苗"的知识,而A、C和D与此内容不符,则B正确,符合文章的大意.
点评 做阅读理解时要快速的浏览全文,把握文章主旨大意,带着问题回到原文,寻找细节或概括相应的答案,最后要理清作者写作思路.