题目内容

Even as Americans have been gaining weight, they have cut their average fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years.  And indeed,  cutting fat  to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates(碳水化合物) have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize fat than it does to metabolize other foods. Compared with protein and carbohydrates — which break down into amino acids and simple sugars, respectively, and can be used to strengthen and energize the body —— dietary fat is more easily converted to body fat. Therefore, it’s more likely to stay on buttocks, thighs and bellies.? 

But cutting fat from your diet doesn’t necessarily mean your body won’t store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies, there’s trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where the calories come from, overeating will still cause weight again. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn’t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he’d been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. “They don’t have any fat,” he explains. But they had enough sugar to keep him from shedding an ounce. ? 

Nonfat foods become add-on foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was borne out in a Pennsylvania State University study. For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt(酵母乳) that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group’s yogurt label said “high fat”—the other, “low fat.” The “low fat” yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. “People think they’ve saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,” says Richard Mattes, a nutrition researcher at Purdue University. “But when they do that, they don’t compensate very precisely, and they often end up overdoing it.”

What lessons did the computer programme learn ?

A. Overeating will cause weight gain

B. He can eat half a pound of jellybeans a day

C. He can’t didn’t eat any fat

D. His coach gave him a lecture

Prof. Barbara’s ecperiement proved that _______________.

A. two groups ate the same amount of calories

B. two groups ate the same wmount of yogurt

C. the “ low fat” yogurt group ate more calories later in the day than the other group

D. people increase the number of calories they eat per day and gain group

According to the author ,________has less calories.

A. fat                      

B. protein and carbohydrates

C. low-fat soups             

D. sugar

What can you infer from the text ?

A. To keep from being overweight, people have to eat nofat food

B. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker than from protein and carbohydrates

C. People should avoid temptation

D. Americans realize that it is necessary to count calories before eating the food

【小题1】A

【小题2】D

【小题3】B

【小题4】D


解析:

【小题1】 综合推理题。 根据第二段的“ A Wisconsin computer programmer…beans a day ”推断出B、C、D三项不符合原文内容。

【小题2】 细节理解题。 从第三段的“when we add nonfat foods to out diet,…”可以找到答案。

【小题3】概括归纳题。 根据第一段的“Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohytrates have just four…”。第二段的“because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by…”可以推断出正确答案是B项。

【小题4】 综合推理题。 文章提及美国人想通过减少脂肪摄入量或是吃脱脂食品来减肥,可是稍微不注意就会达到反效果,他们也渐渐意识到这一问题。因此答案是D。

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Hello, Chicago. If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy(民主),tonight is your answer.

  ……

  I was never the likeliest candidate for this office. We didn’t start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington. It began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston. It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give $ 5 and $ 10 and $ 20 to the cause.

  It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation’s apathy(冷漠), who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep.

  It drew strength from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on doors of perfect strangers, and from the millions of Americans who volunteered and organized and proved that more than two centuries later a government of the people, by the people, and for the people has not perished(消失)from the Earth.

  This is your victory.

  And I know you didn’t do this just to win an election. And I know you didn’t do it for me.

  You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead. For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime—two wars, a planet in peril(危亡), the worst financial crisis in a century.

  Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us.

  ……

  The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep. We may not get there in one year or even in one term. But, America, I have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there.

  I promise you, we as a people will get there.

This passage is most probably taken from a (an)_______.

   A. report        B. lecture      C. speech        D. announcement 

Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

   A. The speaker has won an election campaign which is quite important for him.

   B. The speaker feels they are unlikely to make their ancestors’ dream come true.

   C. The speaker thinks America is a nation that lacks democracy.

   D. The speaker’s campaign was launched in the nation’s capital.

The purpose of the speaker is to do the following except______.

   A. expressing thanks to his supporters

   B. discussing the challenges that lie ahead

   C. urging Americans to unite for the bright future of the nation

   D. warning the people against two terrible wars in store

We can see from the passage that the speaker is a (an)_______person.

   A. unreliable       B. determined     C. narrow-minded       D. humorous

George, when your big brother and your little dog and I walked you up to schools today, you had no idea how I was feeling.
You were so excited. You had packed and unpacked your pencils and safety scissors in your backpack a dozen times. I am really going to miss those lazy mornings when we waved your brother and sister off to school.
Because you are my youngest, I had learned a few things by the time you came along. I found out that the seemingly endless days of babyhood are gone like lightning. I blinked(眨眼), and your older siblings were setting off for school as eagerly as you did this morning, I was one of the lucky ones; I could choose whether to work or not. By the time it was your turn, the shining prizes of career advancement and a double income had lost their brightness. A splash(溅水) in the pool with you in your bright red boots or "just one more" rereading of your favorite book, Frog and Toad Are Friends, meant more. You didn’t go to preschool and I hope that doesn’t hold you back. You learned numbers by helping me count the soda cans we returned to the store.
I have to admit that in my mind’s eye, an image of myself while you’re in school has developed, I see myself updating all the photo albums and starting that novel I always wanted to write. As the summer wound down and more frequent quarrels erupted between you and your siblings, I was looking forward to today. And then this morning, I walked you up the steep hill to your classroom. You found the coat hook with your name above it right away, and you gave me one of your characteristically fierce, too-tight hugs. This time you were ready to let go before I was.
Maybe someday you will deliver a kindergartner to the first day of school. When you turn at the door to wave good-bye, he or she will be too deep in conversation with a new friend to notice. Even as you smile, you’ll feel something warm on your cheek.
And then, you’ll know…
【小题1】What does the author mean by the underlined sentence?

A.She gave up the job with a big salary and prizes.
B.She could only recall her good job at home now.
C.Many good jobs with better pay attracted her but she didn’t take them.
D.Compared with bringing up the baby, work seemed to fade to her.
【小题2】Which statement is NOT TRUE about George’s family according to the letter?
A.George’s parents gave birth to three children
B.The Georges is a double income family.
C.The children had more arguments during the summer.
D.They recyled soda cans.
【小题3】The passage tries to show us         .
A.how excited a child will be on his first day to school
B.how deeply a mother loves her child
C.how many efforts a mother has made to raise a child
D.how a mother plans her future life after her children go to school

Tokyo - Drivers in China are no longer in a hurry to own Toyota Motor Corp's cars.
Neil Hu, a sales manager at a Toyota dealership in Beijing, said he has stopped charging a 5,000 yuan ($732) premium to customers who want to skip the waiting list for RAV4 sport- utility vehicles. He took the initiative after the Japanese carmaker recalled 75,552 of the SUVs in China last month to fix gas pedals that may stick.
"I heard the situation in the US is pretty bad for Toyota," Hu said. "The recall has impacted us as well."
Toyota, which grew more slowly than competitors in China in 2009, will likely lose more market share and see a decline in local profit margin this year, analysts say. The carmaker has relied on a reputation for quality and safety to sell high margin, mid- to large-size models even as the world's biggest auto market shifts to cheaper, smaller cars, encouraged by government incentives.
With Toyota's brand damaged by global recalls of millions of vehicles, profit margins for its SUVs and Camry and Crown sedans may shrink, said Ashvin Chotai, London-based managing director of Intelligence Automotive Asia Ltd, an industry consultant.
"With this recall saga, Toyota's premium pricing power in China is gone," Chotai said. "Toyota's cars don't have enough good value for money."
Toyota has lost $24.5 billion in market capitalization this year as it recalled over 8 million cars globally to fix defects linked to unintended acceleration. The company faces at least 118 class actions in the US and at least 36 individual lawsuits claiming deaths and injuries caused by sudden acceleration of Toyota or Lexus vehicles.
Toyota President Akio Toyoda flew directly to Beijing on March 2 to apologize for the vehicle defects, after attending US Congressional hearings about the recalls in Washington. He skipped Europe's Geneva auto show, underscoring the growing importance of the Chinese market.
Toyota rose for a fifth straight day in Tokyo, advancing 0.9 percent to 3,580 yen as of 9:44 am local time. The carmaker's shares have fallen 7.7 percent this year.
The company's February China sales rose 30 percent to 45,400 vehicles, underperforming the overall passenger-car.
【小题1】According to the passage, why did Toyota carmaker recall their cars in China last month? _____________

A.Because it faced law suits in the US
B.Because there were problems with the cars.
C.Because of the importance of the Chinese market
D.Because the customers are not satisfied with the charging of a 5,000 Yuan premium.
【小题2】What does the underlined phrase“take the initiative” mean?
A.took the adviceB.changed his mindC.took the actionD.made the decision
【小题3】Why did Toyota president Akio Toyota skip Europe’s Geneva auto show?
A.Because he did not think it important
B.Because he was not satisfied with the hearing in the US
C.Because he attached importance to the Chinese Market
D.Because he needed to make an apology to Chinese
【小题4】After the global recalls of millions vehicles, Toyota will be impacted in the following aspects, EXCEPT_________.
A.Its brand will be damaged
B.Its profit margins will shrink
C.It will have to face law suits
D.The president will be fired
【小题5】Where can read the passage? __________
A.newspaper
B.magazine
C.encyclopedia
D.a school book

Why I Don’t Spare “Spare Change”

“Poor but honest. ” “The deserving poor.” These words always come to my mind when I think of “the poor”. But I also think of people who, perhaps through alcohol or drugs, have ruined not only their own lives but also the lives of others in order to give way to their own pleasure. Perhaps alcoholism and drug addiction really are “diseases”, as many people say, but my own feeling- based, of course, not on any serious study-is that most alcoholics and drug addicts belong to the “undeserving poor”. And that is largely why I don’t give spare change to beggars.

But surely among the street people there are also some who can rightly be called “deserving”. Deserving what? My spare change? Or simply the government’s assistance? It happens that I have been brought up to believe that it is proper to make contributions to charity(慈善机构), but if I give some change to a beggar, am I making a contribution to charity and thereby helping someone, or, am I perhaps simply encouraging someone not to get help? Or, maybe even worse, am I supporting a cheat?

If one believes in the value of private charity, one can either give to needy people or to charitable organizations. In giving to a beggar one may indeed be helping a person who badly needs help, but one cannot be certain that one is giving to a needy person. In giving to an organization, on the other hand, one can feel that one’s money is likely to be used wisely. True, facing a beggar one may feel that this particular unfortunate person needs help at this moment-a cup of coffee or a sandwich-and the need will not be met unless I put my hand in my pocket right now. But I have come to think that the beggars whom I meet can get along without my spare change, and indeed perhaps they are actually better off for not having money to buy alcohol or drugs.

I know nothing about these beggars, but it’s my impression that they simply prefer begging to working. I am not generalizing about street people. I am talking about the people whom I actually meet. That’s why I do not give “spare change”, and I don’t think I will in the future.

53. What does the author think of beggars who take drugs?

A. They should be given a check-up.            B. They really need money to live.

C. They have no pleasure in life.                  D. They are not worth helping.

54. Why doesn’t the author give money to street people?

A. He doesn’t think they need help.            

B. He doesn’t have enough money to give.

C. He is not convinced they will use it rightly.    

D. He believes they can get help from the government.

55. In the second paragraph, the author presents his idea by_____.

A. asking questions for people to think about     B. giving examples to support his argument

C. raising questions and answering them               D. expressing his opinions directly

56. Which of the following opinions does the author accept?

A. Drug addiction is a disease.                   

B. Some street people are poor and needy.

C. Most beggars have received enough help.

D. Charitable organizations handle money properly.

 

 Hello, Chicago. If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy(民主),tonight is your answer.

……

I was never the likeliest candidate for this office. We didn’t start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington. It began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston. It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give $ 5 and $ 10 and $ 20 to the cause.

It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation’s apathy(冷漠), who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep.

It drew strength from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on doors of perfect strangers, and from the millions of Americans who volunteered and organized and proved that more than two centuries later a government of the people, by the people, and for the people has not perished(消失)from the Earth.

This is your victory.

And I know you didn’t do this just to win an election. And I know you didn’t do it for me.

You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead. For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime—two wars, a planet in peril(危亡), the worst financial crisis in a century.

Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us.

……

The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep. We may not get there in one year or even in one term. But, America, I have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there.

I promise you, we as a people will get there.

1. This passage is most probably taken from a (an)_______.

A.report

B.lecture

C.speech

D.announcement

2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A.The speaker has won an election campaign which is quite important for him.

B.The speaker feels they are unlikely to make their ancestors’ dream come true.

C.The speaker thinks America is a nation that lacks democracy.

D.The speaker’s campaign was launched in the nation’s capital.

3.The purpose of the speaker is to do the following except______.

A.expressing thanks to his supporters

B.discussing the challenges that lie ahead

C.urging Americans to unite for the bright future of the nation

D.warning the people against two terrible wars in store

4.We can see from the passage that the speaker is a (an)_______person.

A.unreliable

B.determined

C.narrow-minded

D.humorous

 

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