Chemical pollution will bring about a threat to agriculture and food chain.and to human health．( )A．frequentlyB．significantlyC．steadilyD．consequently 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

8．Chemical pollution will bring about a threat to agriculture and food chain，and ________ to human health．（　　）

A．

frequently

B．

significantly

C．

steadily

D．

consequently

分析化学污染将给农业和食物链带来威胁，因此也会对人类健康带来威胁．

解答答案是D．本题考查副词词义辨析．frequently频繁地； significantly显著地；意味深长地； steadily稳定地； consequently因此；根据语境可知，化工污染对农业和食物链造成威胁，"因此"也对人的健康造成威胁，所以答案选择D．

点评辨析副词要在识记常见副词及其搭配的基础上理解语境，根据具体语境推断合理的答案．

练习册系列答案

19．His report was so exciting that it was ________interrupted by applause．（　　）

16．Don't run less hard．Don't run less often．Don't run less distance．And don't be persuaded by underpowered medical studies-a habit that really could harm your health．
I say this in response to a recent study suggesting that too much strenuous jogging shortens your life．The conclusions，published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology，have received wide attention this week．
In fact，the main thing the study shows is that small samples produce unreliable estimates that cannot be reliably discerned（识别） from the effects of chance．And the main thing the reaction shows is that perhaps we are all a bit too quick to believe medical studies that tell us what we want to hear．
Let's start by taking a closer look at what the study actually says．The researchers asked Danish runners about the speed，frequency and duration（持续） of their workouts，categorizing 878of them as light，moderate or strenuous joggers．Ten years later，the researchers checked government records to see how many of them had died．
Happily，only 17had．While this was good news for the surviving runners，it was bad news for the researchers，because 17was clearly too few deaths to figure out whether the risk of death was related to running intensity（强度）．
However，the study claimed that too much jogging was associated with a higher death rate．At a literal level，the death rate was highest among those who ran the most and at the highest intensity．But the evidentiary basis for this claim is weak．It is based on 40people who were categorized as"strenuous joggers"-among whom only two died．
Needless to say，these two deaths do not add up to a statistically significant finding．Moreover，the researchers do not even report whether those two deaths were from causes that could plausibly be related to running．
The death rate among moderate joggers was also higher than that for light joggers，but given that there were fewer than 10deaths among either category，this difference could not be reliably discerned from the effects of chance．
To get a sense of what we are learning，let me recommend a careful review of the literature，written by Mr．Hutchinson，a physicist-turned-writer．
His conclusion："Running an hour a day is certainly no less healthy，and probably a bit healthier，than running less．"Armed with that more accurate assessment of the science，I hope to see you on the running trails．

71．The recent study about running shows thatB．
A．running is of great help to your health
B．running could do damage to your health
C．running enables you to live longer
D．running is neither good nor bad
72．The purpose of the recent study is toB．
A．report the number of deaths among 878Danish runners
B．find out whether the risk of death was linked with running intensity
C．compare the death rate between light and moderate joggers
D．prove that too much jogging could shorten your life
73．It can be inferred from the public reaction thatC．
A．only a small number of people paid attention to the recent study
B．people were glad that only 17people died among the runners
C．people tend to believe in some medical studies blindly
D．it takes a long while for people to accept the findings of some medical studies
74．All of the following were taken into consideration when the 878Danish runners were divided exceptD．
A．how often they run
B．how long their running lasts
C．how fast they run
D．how far they run
75．Which of the following will the writer most probably agree with？C
A．We should pay little attention to medical studies．
B．There's no point in developing the habit of running．
C．We should be cautious about what medical studies tell us．
D．Running will become popular in the near future．

3．Children start out as natural scientists，eager to look into the world around them．Helping them enjoy science can be easy； there is no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment．You only have to share your children's strong desire to know about things．Firstly，listen to their questions．I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job．The children asked me"textbook questions"about schooling，salary and whether I liked my job．When I finished answering，we sat facing one another in science．Finally I said，"Now that we've finished with your lists，do you have questions of your own about science？"
After a long pause，a boy raised his hand，"have you ever seen a grasshopper （蚱蜢） eat？When I try eating leaves like that，I get a stomachache．Why？"
This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours．
Secondly，give them time to think．Studies over the past 30years have shown that．After asking a question，adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer，no time for a child to think．When adults increase their"wait time"to three seconds or more，children give more logical，complete and creative answers．
Thirdly，watch your language．Once you have a child involved in a science discussion，don't jump in with"That's right"or"very good"．These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior．But in talking about science，quick praise can signal that discussion is over．Instead，keep things going by saying，"That's interesting"or"I'd never thought of it that way before"，or coming up with more questions or ideas．
Never push a child to"think"．It doesn't make sense； children are always thinking，without your telling them to．What's more，this can turn a conversation into a performance．The child will try to find the answer you want，in as few words as possible，so that he will be a small target for your disagreement．
Lastly，show； don't tell．Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program．Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass，and they'll understand why you want them to wash before dinner．Rather than saying that water evaporates（蒸发），set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop．

32．According to the passage，children are natural scientists，and to raise their interest，the most important thing for adults to do isB．
A．to share the children's curiosity
B．to let them see the world around
C．to explain difficult phrases about science
D．to supply the children with lab equipment
33．In the last sentence of the first paragraph，the word"list"could best be replaced byB．
A．any problems B．questions from the textbooks
C．any questions D．any number of questions
34．According to the passage，children can answer questions in a more logical，complete and creative way if adultsC．
A．ask them to answer quickly
B．wait for one or two seconds after a question
C．wait at least for three seconds after a question
D．tell them to answer the next day
35．The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children's curiosity EXCEPT that adults shouldD．
A．encourage their children to ask questions of their own
B．offer their children chances to see things for themselves
C．be patient enough when their children answer questions
D．tell their children stories instead of reciting （背诵） facts．

13．Of the two brothers，Bill is ______ younger one，and he is a quiet boy，______ that most adults like very much．（　　）

20．What makes one person more intelligent than another？What makes one person a genius，like the brilliant Albert Einstein，and another person a fool？Are people born intelligent or stupid，or is intelligence the result of where and how you live？These are very old questions and the answers to them are still not clear．
We know，however，that just being born with a good mind is not enough．In some ways，the mind is like a leg or an arm muscle．It needs exercise．Mental exercise is particularly important for young children．Many child psychologists （心理学家） think that parents should play with their children more often and give them problems to think about．The children are then more likely to grow up bright and intelligent．If，on the other hand，children are left alone a great deal with nothing to do，they are more likely to become dull and unintelligent．
Parents should also be careful with what they say to young children．According to some psychologists，if parents are always telling a child that he or she is a fool or an idiot，then the child is more likely to keep doing silly and foolish things．So it is probably better for parents to say very positive things to their children，such as"That was a very clever thing you did．"or"You are such a smart child．"
31．The words"intelligent"and"brilliant"in the first paragraph probably meanA while"dull"in the second paragraph meansA．
A．bright and splendid； slow in thinking and understanding
B．pretty and handsome； ordinary-looking
C．great and important； common
D．hopeful and helpful； careless
32．According to the context we can guess that a genius isC while an idiot isC．
A．a normal person； a funny person
B．a strong person； a weak person
C．a highly intelligent person； a foolish or weak-minded person
D．a famous person； an ordinary person
33．A personD is more likely to become a genius．
A．whose parents are clever
B．often thinking about difficult problems
C．often helped by his parents and teachers
D．born with a good brain and putting it into active use
34．It is better for parentsA．
A．to praise and encourage their children more often
B．to be hard on their children
C．to leave their children alone with nothing to do
D．to give their children as much help as possible
35．Which of the following is NOT true according to the article？C
A．Parents play an important part in their children's growth．
B．The less you use your mind the duller you may become．
C．Intelligence is obviously the result of where and how you live．
D．What makes a person bright or stupid is still under discussion．

17．PALO AITO，California-"Switching off the television may help prevent children from getting fatter-even if they do not change their diet or increase the amount they exercise，"US researchers said last week．
A study of 192third and fourth grades，generally aged eight and nine，found that children who cut the number of hours spent watching television gained nearly two pounds（0.91kg） less over a one-year period than those who did not change their television diet．
"The findings are important because they show that weight loss can only be the result of a reduction in television viewing and not any other activity，"said Thomas Robinson，a pediatrician（儿科专家） at Stanford University．
"American children spend an average of more than four hours per day watching television and videos or playing games，and rates of childhood being very fat have doubled over the past 20years，"Robinson said．
In the study，presented this week to the Pediatric Academic Societies'annual meeting in San Francisco，the researchers persuaded about 100of the students to reduce their television viewing by one-quarter to one-third．
Children watching fewer hours of television showed a significantly smaller increase in waist size and had less body fat than other students who continue their normal television viewing，even though neither group ate a special diet nor took part in any extra exercise．
"One explanation for the weight loss could be the children unstuck to the television may simply have been moving around and burning off calories，"Robinson said．
"Another reason might be due to eating fewer meals in front of the television．Some studies have suggested that eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more，"Robinson added．
51．The purpose of the first two paragraphs isD．
A．to report the time children spend watching TV
B．to show that more TV time leads to getting fatter
C．to tell us the best way to reduce weight
D．to introduce the background of the research
52．According to the passage，the time American children usually spend on watching TVA．
A．is more than four hours a day
B．is less than four hours a day
C．doubled in the last twenty years
D．is more than on any other activities
53．The time the 100children spend on TV every day is aboutC in the study．
A．a quarter of an hour
B．four hours
C．three hours
D．one hour
54．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？B
A．Weight increase owes to the result of a reduction in TV viewing．
B．The percentage of children getting fatter has doubled in the last 20years．
C．Children usually eat less while watching TV．
D．Children usually eat nothing while watching TV．
55．The main idea of the passage would beA．
A．less TV time helps reduce children's weight
B．fewer meals is a must in reducing children's weight
C．the less you eat，the thinner you will be
D．more exercise is of great benefit to reduce weight．

18．Animal experimentation is the backbone（支柱，基础） of American research and treatment of disease．Each year，17million to 22million animals are sacrificed in the name of science．While 90percent of them are rats and mice，180，000dogs，50，000cats，61，000monkeys and 554，000rabbits are done away with in laboratories operated by industry and government．
But the public has raised an outcry（导致抗议） over these deaths．Spurred（驱策，刺激） vivid（生动的） reports of cruelty，the animal rights movement is made up of 7，000organizations with 10million members．They've documented cases in which monkeys were isolated（隔离） in steel tanks（箱、柜） for 45days and dogs were bombarded（轰击、辐射） with radiation or chemicals until they bled from the mouth．
Scientists say such incidents are rare．Laws have been passed to govern testing．Many research centers now have committees to review all proposed animal experiments，and computers can be used in place of animals in many experiments．But scientists say they can't do without animals to test new drugs and treatments on animals to make sure they're safe for humans．Animal experiments produced vaccines（疫苗） or treatments for diseases such as diabetes（糖尿病），and techniques used in open heart surgery．They're important to efforts to find a treatment for AIDS．
Animal rights activists have shown they will go to almost any length．One New York researcher received more than 10，000protest（抗议） letters following publicity of her experiments in which she gave drugs to monkeys．The researcher was studying drug addiction．A protester was arrested in Connecticut for placing a pipe bomb（铁管土炸药）outside a company that used animals in tests．After fires and break-ins，many labs have bought electronic locks and alarms for protection．Other targets of the animal rights movement are the fur industry，farms，and school biology classes in which children dissect（解剖） frogs．
The movement has scored some successes．A dozen states no longer allow pounds（兽栏）──places that accept dogs and cats that have no homes──to sell animals to scientists．Scientists claim the cost of their work will rise as a result．
The battle between scientists and activists raises a basic question：Can modern society be both humane（仁慈的） in its treatment of living things and advanced in its treatment of disease？It seems certain there will be new restrictions placed on the use of animals in scientific experiments．
58．The main idea of the article isA．
A．fewer animals should be taken to laboratories
B．Americans are questioning the use of animals in experiments
C．mice and rats make the best subjects for experiments
D．scientific experiments can be carried out without animals
59．Animal experiments will probably continue becauseC．
A．scientists insist they are harmless
B．the groups that oppose them aren't very big or powerful
C．they are critical for understanding and curing human disease
D．there are enough regulations to protect animals from abuse
60．Supporters of animal rights are most convincing when theyD．
A．explode bombs at laboratories that conduct scientific tests
B．point out the diseases that have been cured by scientists
C．threat their own pets kindly
D．give examples of animals that were mistreated in labs
61．Scientists will be satisfied only ifA．
A．they can continue using animals in their experiments
B．the animal rights movement comes to a stop．
C．they install locks and alarms on their labs
D．their supply of animals is increased significantly．

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