题目内容
Intellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept dates back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP sights was passed. IP rights protect the artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by another. For example, if somebody generated an idea for a novel, that idea is protected by IP rights. If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/ she must consult the original artists, who will normally be rewarded financially for its use. Back in the 17th century, IP rights were primarily carried out to protect newly developed manufacturing processes against stealing. But today, intellectual property rights, are also enjoyed by those who creative music, art and literature.
In recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a technology which looks set to weaken them altogether; the Internet. Many years ago, if you wanted a recording of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store; if a novel, form a book store. In those days, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet. This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights.
According to the writer, in the beginning, If rights were mainly of use to ______.
A. those creating music, art and literature B . novelists
C. engineers and inventors D. those not receiving financial reward for their work
What do we know about the internet according to the passage?
A. It makes IP rights harder to protect. B. It sells songs and films.
C. It does not affect the way we understand IP rights. D. It prevents the production of artwork.
According to paragraph 2, what has “taken the world by storm”?
A. Intellectual property rights. B. The Internet.
C. Free downloading D. The large number of songs, films and books.
A possible title for this passage could be ______.
A. A History of IP Rights B. Ways to Protect Your IP Rights.
C. The Present and the Future Of IP D. IP Rights and Our Attitudes
Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit are the foundation of medical practice in the United States. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in the community. They send their patients to this hospital, which usually charges patients according to the number of days they stay and the facilities(operating room, tests, medicines that they use). Some hospitals belong to a city, a state or, in the case of veteran's hospitals, a federal government agency. Others are operated by religious orders(教会) or other non-profit groups.
Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal government's Public Health Service.
Physicians are among the best paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to earn incomes of more than $ 100 000 a year. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $ 20 000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $ 10 000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency(实习阶段) in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low.
Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physicians also take care of each other's patients in emergencies.
Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death.
26. According to the passage, it is very unlikely that an American hospital is owned by _______.
A. a church B. a corporation C. a city D. a state
27. The expenses for becoming a doctor are spent on _______.
A. schooling and retraining B. practice in a hospital
C. facilities he or she uses D. education he or she receives
28. According to the passage, how long does it take for a would-be physician to become an independent physician in the USA?
A. About seven years. B. Eight years.
C. Ten years. D. About twelve years.
29. Sometimes several physicians set up a group medical practice mainly because _______.
A. there are so many patients that it is difficult for one physician to take care all of them
B. they can take turns to work long hours
C. facilities may be too much of a burden for one physician to shoulder
D. no one wants to assume too much responsibility
30. Which of the following statements could fully express the author's view towards physicians’ payment in the USA?
A. For their expensive education and their responsibility, they deserve a handsome pay.
B. It is reasonable for physicians to have a large income because their work is very dangerous.
C. Physicians should be better paid because they work long hours under bad conditions.
D. Physicians have great responsibility, so it is understandable that they should be well rewarded.
Sydney Australia—Mobile phone has become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have banned students from carrying mobile phones during school hours.
Mobile phone use among children has become a problem for the school this year. Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas gifts, and more students want them.
Mary Bluett, an official, said mobile phone use is a distraction（分心的事）to students during school hours and it also gives teachers so much trouble in their classrooms. Teachers were also saying that sometimes students might use phone messages to cheat during exams.
She said some schools had tried to ban mobile phones. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t get in touch with their children.
Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at school offices. They also said there were many reasons why the students should not have mobile phones at school: they were easy to lose and were a distraction from studies.
Many people say that they understand why parents would want their children to have phones, but they think schools should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones.
1.Some middle schools in Australia have banned students from carrying mobile phones________.
A．because they are students B．when they are free
C．when they are at school D．because they are young
2.We know from the passage that some children get mobile phones from________.
A．the makers and sellers B．some other strangers
C．their parents and friends D．some mobile phone users
3.Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t _______ during school hours.
A．use their mobile phones B．leave their mobile phones
C．help the teachers with their work D．get in touch with their children
4.The underlined word “they” in the fifth paragraph refers to________.
A．many teachers B．some messages
C．mobile phones D．some students
Over the last ten years, technology has been constantly improving. Learning languages outside classes has__36__from using sets of tapes or CDs to much more creative and interesting __37__.This is largely due to the ever __38__Internet. There are now hundreds of __39__that will help you learn a language, some are better than others; some charge and some are __40__. Below are some of the free-of-charge websites that I recommend (推荐) to __41__ you learn a language.
Busuu is like Facebook for language learners. __42__of this website span (跨越) across the globe. It works by giving you exercises to __43__; these exercises can be grammar, __44__, or reading comprehension. The more exercises you complete, the more your “Language Garden” __45__. Written exercises are corrected by native speaker of the language you are learning. You can also help students of your language by __46__ their work.
MyHappyPlanet is an online community for people __47__ in learning a language in __48__ for teaching their own language. For example, you help someone in Barcelona with their Chinese __49__they help you with your Spanish. With Myhappyplanet, you can practice speaking with a __50__speaker, learn more about other cultures, and make friends with people __51__in the world.
BBC languages is probably one of the most __52__ways to learn a language online, and it’s great for beginners .The lessons are in the __53__of a TV series shot in your target language. It’s like watching your favorite show and __54__at the same time. They also help you to have a better understanding __55__ the culture of the country
1. A．settled B．continued C．changed D．started
2. A．points B．ideas C．designs D．methods
3. A．improving B．falling C．requiring D．working
4. A．books B．websites C．programs D．tapes
5. A．cheap B．expensive C．free D．spare
6. A．help B．expect C．hope D．advise
7. A．Managers B．Members C．Employees D．Employers
8. A．compete B．report C．teach D．complete
9. A．structure B．English C．vocabulary D．knowledge
10. A．closes B．grows C．ends D．rises
11. A．showing B．measuring C．praising D．correcting
12. A．interested B．shocked C．disappointed D．surprised
13. A．balance B．exchange C．preparation D．search
14. A．but B．while C．since D．unless
15. A．strange B．foreign C．fluent D．native
16. A．anybody B．somewhere C．anywhere D．somebody
17. A．serious B．difficult C．boring D．relaxing
18. A．fashion B．form C．shape D．figure
19. A．learning B．living C．guessing D．thinking.
20. A．on B．to C．for D．of
As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact, it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health．
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities, others lose heart at the first sign of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between “flight or fight” and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Since we can't remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could), we need to find ways to deal with it．
1.People are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because ________.
A．they regard working as their greatest enjoyment
B．they believe that work is superior to relaxation
C．they are traveling fast all the time
D．they are becoming busier with their work than ever before
2.According to the author, the most important character for a good manager is his________.
A．strong will to hold out stress
B．knowing the art of relaxation
C．high sense of responsibility
D．having control over performance
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?
A．We can find quite a few ways to avoid stress．
B．Stress is always harmful to people's health
C．It’s easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work．
D．Different people can bear different amount of stress．
4.In the last sentence of the passage, “do so” refers to ________.
A．“expose ourselves to stress”
B．“find ways to deal with stress”
C．“remove stress from our lives”
D．“establish links between diseases and stress”
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