People who are hit by lightning and survive often have long-term effects. These may include memory loss, sleep disorders, muscle pain and depression.
Experts tell people to seek the safety of a building or a hard-top vehicle any time they hear thunder, even if it is not raining. They say lightning can strike as far as sixteen kilometers from any rainfall. Lightning can travel sideways. And at least ten percent of lightning happens without any clouds overhead that you can see.
People who are outdoors should make sure they are not the tallest thing around. Bend low to the ground, but do not lie down. And do not stand near tall object. Get away from water and anything made of metal. A car is safe, but don’t touch any metal inside.
Safety experts say people in buildings should stay away from anything with wires or pipes that lead to the outside. The National Weather Service says if you plan to disconnect any electronic equipment, do so before the storm arrives. Do not  use a wired telephone. Do not use water. All these can carry electricity.
Some people think a person struck by lightning carries an electrical charge afterward. Experts say this is not true. It is safe to begin emergency treatment
Each year about four hundred people in the United States are struck by lightning. Last year forty four people died. The average is close to seventy. The National Weather Service says that is more than the number of people killed by severe storms.
【小题1】According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A.Lightning can happen even if there is no cloud.
B.Lightning can’t strike very far.
C.Lightning can’t travel sideways.
D.Don’t stay in a car when lightning happen.
【小题2】We can learn from the passage that________.
A.it’s better to turn off any electronic equipment before the storm arrives.
B.a wired telephone is not safe to use in rainy days.
C.a person struck by lightning is said to carry an electrical charge afterward.
D.severe storms kill more people than lightning does.
【小题3】The underlined word ”depression” probably means”_______”.
A.excitementB.a state of being forgettable
C.silenceD.a feeling of being sad
【小题4】The passage is mainly about______.
A.where people should stay in case of lightning
B.some common knowledge about lightning safety
C.how lightning travels
D.a report written by the National Weather Service

THE WAY TO READ FAST
Perhaps you have been told about some habits(习惯) which stop a person reading fast、and have been strongly asked to break those habits which you might have.
Do you still have any of these bad habits7 Check yourself by answering "yes" or "no" to
these questions:
1. Do you move your lips(嘴唇) when reading silently?
2. Do you point to words with your finger as you read?
3. Do you move your head from side to side as you read?
4. Do you read one word at a time?
If you answer "yes" to any of these questions, start at once to break the habit.
If you move your lips, hold your fingers over them, or hold a piece of paper between your lips while you are reading. Then if your lips move, you will know it and can stop them.
If you point to words, hold the two sides of your book, one side with your left hand, the other side with your right hand. Then you will not have a free finger to use in pointing while reading.
If you move your head, place your chin(下巴)in one hand, and hold your head still(不动地,静止地).
If you read no more than one or two or three words at a time, you need to work very hard in learning to take in more words at each glance(看一眼) as your eyes travel across the lines of words.
【小题1】You may hold your fingers over your lips while reading       

A.to hold a piece of paper between them
B.to stop yourself talking to others
C.to tell others to be silent
D.to feel whether y our lips move or not
【小题2】When your eyes travel across the lines of words,        
A.you need to read the words out
B.you need to look at every word carefully
C.you need to read several words at a time
D.you need to remember every word
【小题3】When you read,        
A.don’t use your finger to point to words
B.don’t hold your books with your hands
C.don’t hold your head still
D.don’t do any of the things mentioned(提到)above.

Monkeys prefer heavy metal to classical music, according to researchers at the University of Wisconsin whose findings are published this week in Biology Letters.

Scientists played a selection of music to a group of South American cotton-top monkeys but the only sound that got a reaction were from the heavy metal band Metallica. They were seemingly disinterested in Led Zeppelin, Miles Davis and Bach, but after the beautiful sound of Master of Puppets by Metallica was played the monkeys calmed down.

"Monkeys interpret rising and falling sounds differently than humans. Oddly, their only response to several samples of human music was a calming response to the heavy-metal band Metallica," said Professor Charles Snowdon, from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Rather than making them excited or aggressive, the heavy metal tracks had a comforting effect. Dr Snowdon, who teamed up with National Symphony Orchestra musican David Teie, also played the monkeys music composed specifically for them. Although they enjoyed Metallica, they were much more interested in these pieces.

A melody(乐曲) based on the short calls of scared monkeys led to anxiety levels rapidly growing, researchers found, while one based on long calls the creatures make when they are happy had a calming effect.

Frans B.M. de Waal, a professor of psychology at Emory University who studies animals, said the findings appear to say more about how monkeys respond to the sounds they make than they do about music or the evolution of music.

Dr Snowdon no longer has a monkey colony to use in his research, but he said his co-author David Teie is exploring the concept of music for cats.

"If we understand how we can affect their emotional states through using musical sound and aspects of our speech, maybe those of us living with companion animals can have a better relationship with them, too," Snowdon said.

1.The research mentioned in the passage is mainly about ______.

A. the change of music over time         B. animals’ response to music

C. special music for animals               D. the origin of music

2.When the monkeys heard the music they liked, they ______.

A. looked anxious                       B. became restless

C. felt at ease                             D. made long calls

3.According to the passage, the monkeys are most interested in the music ______.

A. of Led Zeppelin                        B. of Miles Davis

C. of Metallica                            D. specially composed for them

4.The aim of the research, according to Professor Snowdon, is to ______.

A. build better ties between animals and humans

B. compare monkeys and cats in term of music

C. develop new music based on animals’ calls

D. find better ways to keep animals under control

 

第四部分任务型阅读(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词,每空限填一词。

Recently we asked how you felt about calculators (计算器) at school. We heard from about thirty people in twelve countries, including a large number of Chinese.

Turbo Zhang writes, "My brain is slow because I have a calculator everywhere, on my mobile phone, on my computer, etc. New technology makes us use everything except our brains."

Joony Zhu says calculators can provide us with answers we may not completely understand. As a student at an engineering college in China, he calls using a calculator "a kind of laziness".

Khaled Hamza from Cairo says calculators have a bad effect because "you don’t need to make an effort to get a result."

Hemin, a math teacher in Kurdistan-Iraq, says good math skills are life skills. So he believes in solving problems with a pencil until high school. "You should take the trouble to work out problems without calculators. Then you come to respect the power of these machines."

But He Wenbo from China says calculators reduce careless mistakes. "When I was young we couldn’t use calculators. But when I entered high school we had to solve a lot of math problems. The calculator made my homework easier."

Michel says, "My handheld calculator has been important in my studies and even in my life." But he also advises, "As we’re enjoying using calculators, be careful to avoid their bad effects."

Finally, Thomas, a student in China, wants to tell us he likes a special calculator which he does not know how to use. In English we call it an abacus (算盘).Title: A Survey on the Use of (66)______ Disadvantage Turbo ZhangMy brain is slow (67)______ I have calculators everywhere. Joony ZhuIf you use calculators, you will become (68)______.Khaled Hamza Calculators have bad (69)______ because students don’t have to make an effort. Hemin Good math skills are (70)______ in life.(71)____He Wenbo Calculators (72)______ careless mistakes. A calculator makes homework (73)______.Michel They are important in our studies and lives. But take (74)______ to avoid their bad effects .Thomas He likes a special calculator (75)______ an abacus.

 

Task-based reading 任务型阅读

请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意:每空不超过1个单词。

For centuries people dreamed of going into space. This dream began to seem possible when high-flying rockets were built in the early 1900s.

In 1903 a Russian teacher named Konstantin Tsiolkovsky figured out how to use rockets for space travel. His plan was the first one in rocket science to use correct scientific calculation. About 30 years later, a U.S. scientist named Robert Goddard built the first rockets that could reach high altitudes. During World War II, German scientists built large rockets that could travel very far and carry dangerous explosives. After the war, scientists from Germany went to the United States and the Soviet Union to help those countries build space rockets.

These two countries were soon racing to get to space first. Each of these countries wanted to prove that it was stronger and more advanced than the other one. Both countries also had powerful bombs. People in the United States were worried when the Soviets were first to launch a space satellite, which was called Sputnik. The Soviets were also first to send a person into space. Yury Gagarin orbited the earth in the Vostok I spaceship in 1961.

The US government set a goal for its space program to be the first country to put a person on the Moon. The U.S. space program built a series of Apollo spaceship. These vehicles were powered by huge Saturn 5 rockets. In 1969 Apollo II took three men to the moon successfully. Nell Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon.

The Soviets may have lost the race to fly people to the Moon, but they built the first space station in 1971. The United States also built a space station. The space stations allowed people to live and work in space. Then the Soviet Union and the United States cooperated to hook two spaceships together in space. This action ended the "space race". Today a much larger space station, built by several countries together, orbits Earth.

Another new way to go to space is by space shuttle. A space shuttle, first made in the United States in 1981, looks like an airplane. Astronauts who fly spaceships have used shuttles to help put satellites into space.

History of space travel

Time

Events

Information concerned

Early 1900s

High-flying rockets were built.

It made the ancient dream of going to space possible to come 66)   

1903

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (67)  out a way to use rockets for space travel.

He planned to put correct scientific calculation to use in rocket science.

Around (68)

Robert Goddard built new rockets.

The rockets could fly very (69) in the sky.

During and after World War II

German scientists built large rockets that could travel very far and carry dangerous explosives.

Germany was ahead of all the other countries in building space rockets and later it (70)     the Soviet Union and the United States

 

The Soviet Union and the United States competed to get to space first.

The Soviet Union became the (71) ▲  of the competition when it launched the first satellite and sent the first astronaut into space.

1969

The United States was (72) ▲  in putting a person on the moon.

In one way, it (73)   ▲  the Soviet Union by becoming the first country to fly people to the moon.

1970s

The Soviets built the first space station and was soon followed by Americans. And they finally ended the  "space race" by (74)  ▲ 

Astronauts can live and work in space stations.

1980s--

Space shuttles are used as new vehicles for space (75)  ▲  .

Shuttles are also used to help put satellites into space.

 

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