题目内容

In principle, no child is too slow to learn．The only problem is how to turn the attention ________ other things, such as computer games, watching TV and so on, to study．

A.
is paid to
B.
they pay to
C.
paid
D.
paying to

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The popular college rankings focus primarily on prestige as measured by the SAT scores of incoming students and how many applicants are turned away． An initiative（措施）started last fall by the Obama administration could help families go beyond these limited, and far too easily exploited, indexes to learn quickly and easily how a college is compared with its competitors nationally on important criteria like graduation rates, what a degree actually costs and how much debt a student can expect to run up by graduation day．
If the federal government makes it legally necessary to disclose this information in a clear and consistent（一贯的）way, as it should, families will be better able to make informed college choices． And this will help put pressure on colleges that perform poorly to improve．
Critics may regard this initiative as an example of government overreach． But given that the federal government spends nearly $190 billion a year on higher education aid to students, it has a legitimate interest in making sure that the money flows to the schools that best meet their responsibilities to families and students．
Congress has taken some steps to require greater transparency（透明）from colleges． The 1990 Student Right to Know Act, for example, required colleges and universities that receive federal aid to disclose graduation rates． And the 2008 Higher Education Opportunity Act required schools to offer a way for consumers to determine actual costs after student aid is taken into account．
But many colleges have done a poor job of obeying federal disclosure rules, and much of the available information is not in one place． The administration’s new efforts would enforce reporting requirements and provide some new tools．
President Obama wants to expand campus-based aid to about $10 billion from the current $2．7 billion． He has proposed moving money away from colleges that fail to control tuition increases or provide good value to others that do a better job． That is a worthy idea in principle, but he will need strong data-based evidence to determine how colleges are doing．
The transparency initiatives are a good place to start and should be embraced by both parties in Congress． If students and families, facing higher tuition and rising debt, are to make sound choices, they need more and better information．
【小题1】Why did the Obama administration start the initiative last fall?

A．To require colleges to make their graduation rates known to the public．

B．To help colleges perform better in the future．

C．To help parents and students make better choices of colleges．

D．To put more pressure on colleges that are not doing well enough．

【小题2】Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Critics agree that the government should require colleges to obey the disclosure rules．

B．Congress has approved and made the transparency initiatives a law．

C．SAT scores alone do not determine one’s choice of college．

D．Students and families find it very difficult to choose their ideal colleges now．

【小题3】A most suitable title for the passage could be______．

A．Congress To Require Greater Transparency

B．What College Parents and Students Need to Know

C．What a Good College Is Measured By

D．Parents and Students Need to Make Wise Choices

【小题4】What attitude does the author hold towards the transparency initiative?

Bruce Alberts, the former President of the National Academies (USA), has now taken over as Editor-in Chief of Science. Judging by his editorial in this week’s issue Considering Science Education there could be some interesting times ahead in Science offices.
Here’s part of what Bruce has to say about science education…
I consider science education to be critically important to both science and the world, and I shall frequently deal with this topic on this page. Let’s start with a big-picture view. Science has greatly advanced our understanding of the natural world and has enabled the creation of countless medicines and useful devices. It has also led to behaviors that have improved lives. The public appreciates these practical benefits of science, and science and scientists are generally respected, even by those who are not familiar with how science works or what exactly it has discovered.
But society may less appreciate the advantage of having everyone acquire the ways of thinking and behaving that are central to practice of successful science: scientific habits of mind. These habits include a critical attitude toward established claims and a strong desire for logic and evidence. As famous astronomer Carl Sagan put it, science is our best detector (检测器). Individuals and societies clearly need a means to logically test the constant clever attempts to operate our purchasing and political decisions. They also need to challenge what is unreasonable, including the intolerance that led to so many regional and global conflicts.
So how does this relate of science education? Might it be possible to encourage, across the world, scientific habits of mind, so as to create more rational (理性的) societies everywhere? In principle, a strong expansion of science education could provide the world with such an opportunity, but only if scientists, educators, and policy-makers redefine (重新定义) the goals of science education, beginning with college-level teaching. Rather than only conveying what science has discovered about the natural world, as is done now in most countries, we should provide first all students with the knowledge and practice of how to think like a scientist.
【小题1】 Which of the following is NOT included in the “scientific habits of mind”?

A．A critical attitude toward established claims.	B．A strong desire for logic.
C．A clever and active mind.	D．A strong desire for evidence.

【小题2】 What does the underlined phrase “such an opportunity” refer to in the last paragraph?

A．To create more rational societies everywhere.

B．To relate decision-making to science education.

C．To encourage science education around the world.

D．To set right goals of science education.

【小题3】In Bruce Alberts’ opinion, which is the most important in science education?

A．Offering all students enough practice to drill their mind.

B．Equipping all students with a thinking model of a scientist.

C．Telling students what science has discovered about the natural world.

D．Advising all students to challenge all established scientific achievements.

【小题4】Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A．Bruce Alberts, a great science educator

B．Science education and world peace

C．The government and science education

D．Bruce Alberts’ opinion on science education

If the federal government makes it legally necessary to disclose this information in a clear and consistent（一贯的）way, as it should, families will be better able to make informed college choices． And this will help put pressure on colleges that perform poorly to improve．

Critics may regard this initiative as an example of government overreach． But given that the federal government spends nearly $190 billion a year on higher education aid to students, it has a legitimate interest in making sure that the money flows to the schools that best meet their responsibilities to families and students．

Congress has taken some steps to require greater transparency（透明）from colleges． The 1990 Student Right to Know Act, for example, required colleges and universities that receive federal aid to disclose graduation rates． And the 2008 Higher Education Opportunity Act required schools to offer a way for consumers to determine actual costs after student aid is taken into account．

But many colleges have done a poor job of obeying federal disclosure rules, and much of the available information is not in one place． The administration’s new efforts would enforce reporting requirements and provide some new tools．

President Obama wants to expand campus-based aid to about $10 billion from the current $2．7 billion． He has proposed moving money away from colleges that fail to control tuition increases or provide good value to others that do a better job． That is a worthy idea in principle, but he will need strong data-based evidence to determine how colleges are doing．

The transparency initiatives are a good place to start and should be embraced by both parties in Congress． If students and families, facing higher tuition and rising debt, are to make sound choices, they need more and better information．

1.Why did the Obama administration start the initiative last fall?

A． To require colleges to make their graduation rates known to the public．

B． To help colleges perform better in the future．

C． To help parents and students make better choices of colleges．

D． To put more pressure on colleges that are not doing well enough．

2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A． Critics agree that the government should require colleges to obey the disclosure rules．

B． Congress has approved and made the transparency initiatives a law．

C． SAT scores alone do not determine one’s choice of college．

D． Students and families find it very difficult to choose their ideal colleges now．

3.A most suitable title for the passage could be______．

A． Congress To Require Greater Transparency

B． What College Parents and Students Need to Know

C． What a Good College Is Measured By

D． Parents and Students Need to Make Wise Choices

4.What attitude does the author hold towards the transparency initiative?

A． supportive B． critical C． indifferent D． not stated

Here’s part of what Bruce has to say about science education…

I consider science education to be critically important to both science and the world, and I shall frequently deal with this topic on this page. Let’s start with a big-picture view. Science has greatly advanced our understanding of the natural world and has enabled the creation of countless medicines and useful devices. It has also led to behaviors that have improved lives. The public appreciates these practical benefits of science, and science and scientists are generally respected, even by those who are not familiar with how science works or what exactly it has discovered.

But society may less appreciate the advantage of having everyone acquire the ways of thinking and behaving that are central to practice of successful science: scientific habits of mind. These habits include a critical attitude toward established claims and a strong desire for logic and evidence. As famous astronomer Carl Sagan put it, science is our best detector (检测器). Individuals and societies clearly need a means to logically test the constant clever attempts to operate our purchasing and political decisions. They also need to challenge what is unreasonable, including the intolerance that led to so many regional and global conflicts.[来源:Zxxk.Com]

So how does this relate of science education? Might it be possible to encourage, across the world, scientific habits of mind, so as to create more rational (理性的) societies everywhere? In principle, a strong expansion of science education could provide the world with such an opportunity, but only if scientists, educators, and policy-makers redefine (重新定义) the goals of science education, beginning with college-level teaching. Rather than only conveying what science has discovered about the natural world, as is done now in most countries, we should provide first all students with the knowledge and practice of how to think like a scientist.

1. Which of the following is NOT included in the “scientific habits of mind”?

A. A critical attitude toward established claims. B. A strong desire for logic.

C. A clever and active mind. D. A strong desire for evidence.

2. What does the underlined phrase “such an opportunity” refer to in the last paragraph?

A. To create more rational societies everywhere.

B. To relate decision-making to science education.

C. To encourage science education around the world.

D. To set right goals of science education.

3.In Bruce Alberts’ opinion, which is the most important in science education?

A. Offering all students enough practice to drill their mind.

B. Equipping all students with a thinking model of a scientist.

C. Telling students what science has discovered about the natural world.

D. Advising all students to challenge all established scientific achievements.

4.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A. Bruce Alberts, a great science educator

B. Science education and world peace

C. The government and science education

D. Bruce Alberts’ opinion on science education

Standard English is that variety of English which is usually used in print，and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language．It is also the variety which is normally spoken by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other similar situations．The difference between standard and non-standard，it should be noted，has nothing in principle（原理）to do with differences between formal and informal language：Standard English has informal as well as formal variants．

Historically the standard variety of English is based on the London Dialect of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London．This dialect became the one preferred by the educated，and it was developed and promoted as a model，or norm，for wider and wider parts of society．It was also the norm that was carried overseas．But not one unaffected by such export．Today，standard English is codified（编写）to the degree that the grammar and vocabulary of English are much the same everywhere in the world where English is used：difference among the local standards is really quite minor，so that the Singapore，South Africa，and Irish varieties are really very little different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are concerned．Indeed，standard English is so powerful that it puts a tremendous pressure on all local varieties，to the degree that many of the long-established dialects of England have lost much of their vigor（活力）and there is much pressure on them to converge（靠拢）towards the standard．This latter situation is not unique to English：it is also in other countries where processes of standardization are under way．But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national，even super-national ones．

68．The main topic of the text is

A．the difference between standard English and non-standard English．

B．the influence between standard English and non-standard English．

C．the origin and development of standard English used nowadays．

D．the difference between standard English and the London dialects．

69．Which of the following statements is TRUE according the text?

A．Standard English can be both formal and informal．

B．Standard English doesn’t differ from non-standard English in principle．

C．Informal English is the same as non-standard English．

D．Standard English is better than Non-standard English．

70．Standard English is used in the following situations EXCEPT ．

A．in schools B．by educated and native speakers only

C．in news broadcasts D．in print

71．The stronger influence of standard English is causing ．

A．different local standards to arise B．difference among dialects to grow

C．many dialects to lose uniqueness D．many new varieties to disappear

72．In terms of grammar and vocabulary，standard English ．

A．differs greatly from dialects in the U．K

B．differs little from any variety of English in the world

C．differs greatly from dialects outside the U．K

D．differs a little from any variety of English

In principle, no child is too slow to learn．The only problem is how to turn the attention ________ other things, such as computer games, watching TV and so on, to study．

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