When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses． This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect．The bystander effect is al 题目和参考答案——青夏教育精英家教网—

题目内容

When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses． This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect．
The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which is named after Catherine “Kitty" Genovese, a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13, 1964． Early in the morning, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work． As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed （刺） by a man later identified as Winston Moseley． Despite Genovese's repeated cries for help, none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police for help． The attack first began at 3:20, but it was not until 3:50 that someone first contacted police．
Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident, as well as most Americans． As the conclusion, the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments．
There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect． First, the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility． Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present． The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways． When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate．
Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is ambiguous． In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a "lovers' quarrel", and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．
【小题1】The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect because a woman surnamed Genovese．

A．it somehow caused the murder of

B．its discovery resulted from the murder of

C．it was actually discovered by

D．it always makes people think of

【小题2】Genovese was murdered ．

A．while she was going out	B．in her apartment
C．halfway home	D．near her apartment

【小题3】 Which can NOT have been a possible reason for the neighbors NOT offering Genovese help?

A．They believed in the bystander effect．

B．They thought someone else might help her．

C．They didn't think they should help．

D．They didn't think she needed help．

【小题4】 Before deciding to offer help, observers may , according to the psychologists．

A．wait for sort of a signal

B．hesitate and estimate the risk of getting hurt

C．want to be sure it's appropriate to react

D．wonder if the victim is worth helping

【小题5】The article seems to suggest that, if there had been observers, Genovese might not have been murdered．

A．no

B．fewer

C．more

D．braver

【小题1】B【小题1】D【小题1】A【小题1】C【小题1】B

解析

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But there came a dark cloud into my grandparents’ life: when my grandmother got breast cancer. Gradually it took over the whole of her body. One day, what we all dreaded finally happened. Grandma was gone.

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S-h-m-i-l-y: See How Much I Love You.

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B. explain to readers the meaning of “shmily”

C. show the true love between the writer’s grandparents

D. express how much the writer loved her grandparents

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A. To support the first paragraph. B. To introduce the next paragraph.

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D. Japan’s higher education is better than theirs

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“Shmily.” It was scrawled in yellow on the pink ribbons of my grandmother’s funeral bouquet (花束). The family came forward and gathered around Grandma one last time. Grandpa stepped up to my grandmother’s casket (棺) and, taking a shaky breath, he began to sing to her. Through his tears and sadness, the song came, a deep and throaty lullaby (催眠曲,). Shaking with my own sorrow, I would never forget that moment.
S-h-m-i-l-y: See How Much I Love You.
【小题1】The point of the article is to ________.

A．give advice on how to keep love fresh

B．explain to readers the meaning of “shmily”

C．show the true love between the writer’s grandparents

D．express how much the writer loved her grandparents

【小题2】What is the function of the second paragraph?

A．To support the first paragraph.	B．To introduce the next paragraph.
C．To give the main idea of the article.	D．To make the article more interesting.

【小题3】The author’s grandmother ________.

A．used to kiss her grandfather in secret

B．died from breast cancer, which spread all over

C．played crossword puzzle daily with her grandfather

D．considered her grandfather old and careless

【小题4】What is the author’s attitude toward her grandparents’ love?

A．She doubts whether it was true love.

B．She finds their way of expressing love strange.

C．She admires their romantic and passionate love.

D．She thinks she will never be able to love like that.