题目内容
【题目】 A lot of kids struggle with reading. Parents have tried encouraging them in all sorts of ways, but nothing seems to work. Actually many factors(因素)can cause reading problems.【1】 Here are a few things you can do to help your kid become a better reader.
Read to your kid-and have him/her read to you
Grab one of the books you loved when you were your kid's age and read it to him/her or take turns reading it to each other. 【2】 Make reading a regular part of the night-time routine.
Don't be pushy
Just because you're a science fan or read on history and other nonfiction doesn't mean your kid will be remotely interested in any of those things. In fact, you've been pushing your tastes on your kid. 【3】
Choose books that interest your kid
Most kids love movies. Did your kid like Ready Player One or Ender's Game? They are based on books. 【4】 If your goal is to get your kid interested in reading and improve his/her skills, what your kid's reading is less important than how much time he/she spends doing it.
【5】
Kids who have trouble reading often feel that there's something wrong with them. So work with your kid to come up with manageable goals and make a big deal every time he/she accomplishes one. With time, gradually make the goals more challenging.
A.Achieve your goals
B.Celebrate small steps
C.Reading books can help your kid get a head start in school.
D.If your kid stops or makes a mistake, be patient and don't judge.
E.Overcoming them can sometimes be an annoying process for everyone.
F.Starting with something your kid is already interested in could help draw him into reading.
G.You may have contributed to his/her reading problems rather than helping overcoming them.
【答案】
【1】E
【2】D
【3】G
【4】F
【5】B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。许多孩子在阅读方面有困难。父母们试着用各种方法来鼓励他们，但似乎都不起作用。事实上，许多因素会导致阅读问题。克服它们有时对每个人来说都是一个恼人的过程。文章主要给家长提出了一些有助于孩子成为一个更好的读者的建议。
【1】
根据上文Actually many factors can cause reading problems.可知事实上，许多因素会导致阅读问题。以及后文Here are a few things you can do to help your kid become a better reader.可知你可以做以下几件事来帮助你的孩子成为一个更好的读者。由此可知，本句是在说明要克服阅读问题才能成为一个更好的读者，虽然克服的过程令人烦恼。故E选项“克服它们有时对每个人来说都是一个令人烦恼的过程”符合上下文语境，故选E。
【2】
根据上文Grab one of the books you loved when you were your kid's age and read it to him/her or take turns reading it to each other.可知拿出一本你在孩子这个年纪时喜欢的书，读给他（她）听，或者轮流读给对方听。由此可知，本句应当承接上文说明在这一过程中可能出现的情况和建议，如孩子犯了错该如何应对。故D选项“如果你的孩子停下来或犯了错误，要有耐心，不要评判”符合上下文语境，故选D。
【3】
结合上文Just because you're a science fan or read on history and other nonfiction doesn't mean your kid will be remotely interested in any of those things. In fact, you've been pushing your tastes on your kid.可知仅仅因为你是一个科学迷，或者读过历史和其他非小说类书籍，并不意味着你的孩子会对这些东西产生丝毫的兴趣。事实上，你一直在把你的品味强加给你的孩子。由此可知，本句承接上文说明将自己的品味强加给孩子可能会产生的后果——助长了孩子的阅读困难，而不是帮助孩子克服这些困难。故G选项“你可能助长了他或她的阅读困难，而不是帮助他或她克服这些困难”符合上下文语境，故选G。
【4】
根据后文If your goal is to get your kid interested in reading and improve his/her skills, what your kid's reading is less important than how much time he/she spends doing it.可知如果你的目标是让你的孩子对阅读感兴趣并提高他/她的技能，那么你的孩子读什么比他/她花在阅读上的时间更重要。由此可知，本句是在说明有助于吸引孩子阅读的方法。故F选项“从你的孩子已经感兴趣的东西开始阅读可能有助于吸引他阅读”符合上下文语境，故选F。
【5】
本空为本段小标题，结合本段中Kids who have trouble reading often feel that there's something wrong with them. So work with your kid to come up with manageable goals and make a big deal every time he/she accomplishes one.可知阅读有困难的孩子，往往觉得自己有问题。所以要和孩子一起想出可控的目标，每当孩子完成一个目标时要当成大事。由此可知，本段是在说明要庆祝孩子完成的小目标。故B选项“庆祝小进步”符合上下文语境，故选B。
【题目】请认真阅读下列短文， 并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意: 每个空格只填 1 个单词。 请将答案写在答题卷上相应题号的横线上。
Driverless cars used to be the sort of thing you’d see in sci-fi films, but in 2020 they’re becoming a reality. Autonomous car technology is already being developed by the likes of Lexus, BMW and Mercedes, and we’ve even tested Tesla’s driverless Autopilot system on UK roads. Across the Atlantic, Google is developing its automated technology in the wild, and Apple is rumoured to be working with BMW on its own-probably automated-car.
Fully-driverless tech is still at an advanced testing stage, but partially automated technology has been around for the last few years. Executive saloons like the BMW 7 Series feature automated parking, and can even be controlled remotely.
With so much investment and interest in driverless technology, it’s easy to assume that self-operating cars are likely to happen soon, but they’re much further away than we might think. Before driverless vehicles go to market widely, manufacturers must deal with a range of technical and ethical challenges, and prevent the biggest threat to autonomous technology: humans.
The human problem
Humans present problems for autonomous cars as both drivers and pedestrians, and dealing with our unpredictable behaviour represents a significant challenge for the technology.
The Google Car is one of the most experienced autonomous vehicles. Even so, its interaction with human drivers has given rise to the exposure of one of driverless cars’ main weaknesses. The first injury involving the Google Car wasn’t due to a fault in its system, but human-error. While correctly waiting at traffic lights, Google’s self-driving car was hit by an inattentive driver and, in spite of its sophisticated array (复杂精密的数组) of sensors, there was little it could do to avoid the incident. Luckily, the accident only resulted in minor injury for a few of the passengers, but it’s a reminder that autonomous cars are at risk when surrounded by human road users.
Despite their sophisticated systems, self-driving cars currently have no plan B for human road users. Human drivers are able to interact with each other and make allowances, but also make countless, small mistakes when driving-mistakes to which current self-driving cars simply can’t adapt.
Dealing with pedestrians
The way human drivers interact with pedestrians raises difficult moral and ethical questions for car manufacturers-with implications.
Autonomous cars need to understand the way pedestrians behave, while also imitating the behaviour they’d expect from a human driver. “Everyone has a knowledge of how a human being is going to react, because we are all human beings,” says computer ethics commentator Ben Byford. “So if you walk out in front of a car, and presumably the car driver knows you’re there, they’re going to react in a certain way.”
“ If I walked out in front of a Google car travelling at 60mph, I have no real knowledge of how the vehicle will behave, so I’m effectively putting myself in danger.”
How 【1】 away are we from autonomous cars? | ||
Background information | ● Autonomous car technology has been 【2】 in some famous car manufacturers. ● Partially automated technology has been in 【3】 for the last few years. ● Before our roads are 【4】 with driverless vehicles, manufacturers have a lot of things to do. | |
【5】 about the autonomous technology | The human problem | ● The Google car’s accident has 【6】 one of driverless cars’ weaknesses. ● 【7】 the sophisticated array of sensors, Google’s self-driving car could do little to avoid the accident. ● With no alternative plan, self-driving cars cannot have a good 【8】 with human drivers. |
Dealing with pedestrians | 【9】 human drivers who know pedestrians well, autonomous cars have difficulty in 【10】 their behavior, thus putting pedestrians in danger. | |