题目内容

Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of correct answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct.

Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?

People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents choose the name of a well-known person. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.

Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.

The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook (小溪); someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.

Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter—a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter—a person who made pots and pans.

The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.

Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.

Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.

1. Which of the following aspects do the surnames in the passage NOT cover?

A. Places where people lived.                      B. People’s characters.

C. Talents that people possessed.               D. People’s occupations.

2.According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _______.

A. owned or drove a cart                                  B. made things with metals

C. made kitchen tools or containers.     D. built houses and furniture.

3.Suppose an English couple whose ancestors lived near a leafy forest wanted their new-born son to become a world leader, the baby might be named ________.

A. Beatrice Smith                                        B. Leonard Carter     

C. George Longstreet                                   D. Donald Greenwood

 

【答案】

 

1.B

2.C

3.D

【解析】

试题分析:你知道人类名字的来源和意义吗? 人的名字由他们的父母选择。有时用祖父母或者其他的家庭成员的名字。一些家长选择的一个著名的人的名字。有些人给他们的孩子的名字的意思是美好的东西。 最早的姓氏来自地名。 其他早期的姓氏来自人们的工作。人们有时会用一些人的头发和皮肤的颜色,或个头大小,或其特殊能力特点来命名。孩子通过给父姓添加一些什么得来。说英语的人加–s或–son。 爱尔兰和苏格兰人加Mac 或者Mc或者O。

1.推理判断题。根据文中介绍可知,最早的姓氏来自1.人们生活的地点;2.人们的工作;3.与他们的特殊能力有关。没说人的姓与人的性格有关。故选B项。

2.细节理解题。根据Potter—a person who made pots and pans.(Potter是一个制作锅的人。)

可知选C 。

3. 推理判断 题。根据The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.和Donald means “world ruler”可知,如果一对夫妇他们的祖先住在茂密的森林附近,想让他们新出生的孩子将来成为一个“世界的统治者”,那么叫Donald Greenwood最合适,所以选D。

考点:文化类短文阅读。

 

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根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多于选项。

  Maybe you thought that they were just happy. After all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy.

Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy.

However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason.   Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims as its own. . No other families of the same species are welcome. Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome. If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you, you might shout. Probably this would be enough to frighten him away.

If so, you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him. A bird does the same thing. But he expects an outsider almost any time, especially at nesting season. So he is screaming all the time, whether he can see an outsider or not.   

Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs. You can see that birds have a language all their own.

A. Only he and his family are welcome there. www.jk.zy.w.com

B. Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting up territories.

C. Have you ever heard birds sing?

D. Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory.

E. Have you ever wondered why birds sing?

F. Most of the language is widely used.

G. This screaming is what we call a bird’s song, and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away.

Weighed down by study? Pushed to the limit by the fast pace of life ? Frightened by the possible war ? Well, you’re not alone. Men and women in France are seeking relief using the world’s best medicine-----laughter.

In the past year, more than 15 laughter clubs have been set up across the country. People of all ages go to release their stress with an hour group laughs. “People telephoned me and said they have forgotten what it is to laugh. They want to find a place where they can escape all their problems for a while. So they come,” said 40—year—old Jocelyne Le Moan. She usually takes a class of around 60 people through a series of laughter techniques.

Her pupils range from teenagers to 70 years old, but most are middle---aged white collars seeking 60 minutes of relaxation at the end of a busy day. Le Moan takes them through the “Lion Laugh”and the “Laugh Contest”, where participants “speak”to each other in different ways. And instead of talking, they break into fits of laughter. At the end there are 15 minutes of “meditation”, when they lie on their backs and let the laughs burst out of their mouths.

“I love it. It’s an experience that has changed my life. Through it I rediscovered the child’s laugh inside me,”Said Romain Jouffroy, 24. “US President George W. Bush should give it a try. He has lost his laugh,”she joked . Like Jouffroy, many laughter club members find themselves changed into children again, and why not ? The average preschooler laughs up to 400 times a day.

The average adult only a day seven to 15.

The physical benefits of laughter are already well—recognized. Doctors say the act of laughing releases good chemicals into the blood—stream, while the quick breathing that accompanies it helps massage(按摩)the digestive organs and strengthens the heart.

“A full hour is like having your inside go jogging!One finishes out of breath, but feels revitalized(产生新活力. And on top of that , you’ve had a laugh,”said doctor Alexisd’ Estaing.And many participants in Paris also emphasize the psychological benefits. They believe that laughter is a way of making oneself feel more confident.

1.Which of the following is not included among the benefits of laughing?

A.It can make people rediscover their children’s laugh.

B.It can release good chemical into blood streams.

C.It can make you feel self—confident.

D.It can cure the illness of people.

2.The writer suggested that you should_____________.

A.take the world’s best medicine.

B.talk to each other about what troubles you.

C.learn series of laughter techniques.

D.have a good laugh after a busy day.

3.From the passage , we can conclude the following but___________.

A.Jocelyne Le Moan is a teacher of the club.

B.the members are mostly middle---aged white collars.

C.people always need some way to relax in life.

D.laugh freely and everything goes well.

4.Which of the following is not the reason why so many people join the laughter clubs ?

A.Those members feel too much pressure on them.

B.They want to find a place to relax themselves.

C.Laughters help massage the digestive organs.

D.The members don’t know how to laugh.

 

六.完形填空(20分)

More than fifty SARS experts ___1___ this month in Geneva at the headquarters of the World Health Organization. They came from fifteen countries to discuss progress ___2___ the lung disease. SARS began in southern China late last year. It ___3___ in Asia and other parts of the world. The W-H-O __4_____ travel warnings. Health officials worked aggressively. They kept SARS patients ____5___ others. They looked for anyone else those patients might have been near.

SARS was contained(遏制) in the middle of this year. By then, eight-thousand people had become sick. More than seven-hundred of ___6____ died.

SARS causes effects similar to ____7___ of pneumonia (肺炎) or influenza. People often cough. Breathing is difficult or ___8____ . Some people need machines to help them breathe. Body temperature goes ___9____ . SARS can also make people feel tired, __10_____ their head hurt and make them not want to eat. Most people with SARS, however, usually recover within two weeks.

1. A. met         B. will meet         C. saw           D. will see

2. A. for          B. against           C. on            D. from

3. A. took place    B. spreaded          C. take place      D. spread

4. A. decided      B. declared          C. announced      D. spoke

5. A. near         B. together with      C. away from      D. close to

6. A. whom       B. who             C. them           D. men

7. A. them        B. that              C. this           D. those

8. A. hurt         B. hurtful           C. painful         D. pain

9. A. down        B. away            C. up            D. to zero

10. A. make       B. having made     C. making        D. made

 

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