题目内容

The system has been designed to give students quick and easy         to the digital resources of the library.

A．access        B．passage        C．way          D．approach

A

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There are several advantages in planting trees：they firm the soil，soak(渗透) up extra water and take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. However，it now turns out that planting trees could add to global warming. We all know that tree roots do a great job of keeping soil firmly on the ground and out of the wind's power. The problem is that some of the dust clouds play an important part in soaking up carbon dioxide.

Huge dust storms blow out over the oceans from  dry parts of North Africa and Central Asia. Tons of dust are lifted and left as a thin film over the ocean surface.

Dust from China is carried east and left in the Pacific Ocean. If a tree­planting programme there is successful and the dust supply reduced, the net result may be that less carbon dioxide gets locked away in the ocean.

Andy，an environmental scientist has spent the past few years studying dust and says his work shows clearly the complexity of the system. For this reason the need is to focus on cutting carbon dioxide giving off rather than doing anything else.

Robert, an American scientist, has  shown that when native grassland areas are invaded by trees, carbon is lost from the soil. “We are studying why the soil carbon disappears，but one theory is that trees do a lot more of their growing above ground compared to grass, so less carbon goes directly into the soil from trees.” said Robert.

In wet areas of the world, the gain from trees absorbing carbon dioxide above ground seems to be outweighed by the loss of carbon from the soil below ground.

Countries that plan to fight against global warming by planting trees may have to think again. Solutions to environmental problems are often more complex than they first appear，and understanding the Earth's climate is a very great challenge.

60．People usually hold the opinion that ________.

A. huge dust storms can destroy carbon dioxide

B. planting trees could reduce global warming

C. huge dust storms can destroy the oceans on the Earth

D. planting trees is the only way to control huge dust storms

61．Andy, an  environmental  scientist, believes  that________.

A. environmental problems are more complex than expected                 

B. trees shouldn't have been planted in dry places

C. dust plays a more important part than trees

D. carbon dioxide is harmful to everything

62．Robert's experiment proves that ________.

A. trees absorb more carbon than grass

B. carbon can turn grass into dust

C. less carbon can make trees grow faster

D. grassland areas should be covered by forests

63．The best title for this passage is “________”．

A. The importance of planting trees

B. The dust clouds soak up carbon dioxide

C. Is it really useful to plant trees to reduce global warming?

D. Why the soil carbon disappears

A serious problem for today’s society is who should be responsible for our elderly(老年人) and how to improve their lives. It is not only a financial problem but also a question of the system we want for our society. I would like to suggest several possible solutions to this problem.
First, employers should take the responsibility for their retired employees. To make this possible, a percentage of profits should be set aside for this purpose. But when a company must take life-long responsibility for its employees, it may suffer from a commercial disadvantage due to higher employee costs.
Another way of solving the problem is to return the responsibility to the individual. This means each person must save during his working years to pay for his years of retirement. This does not seem a very fair model since some people have enough trouble paying for their daily life without trying to earn extra to cover their retirement years. This means the government might have to step in to care for the poor.
In addition, the government could take responsibility for the care of the elderly. This could be financed through government taxes to increase the level of pensions（养老金）. Furthermore, some in-situation should be created for senior citizens, which can help provide a comfortable life for them. Unfortunately, as the present situation in our country shows, this is not a truly viable answer. The government can seldom afford to care for the elderly, particularly when it is busy trying to care for the young.
One further solution is that the government or social organizations establish some working places especially for the elderly where they are independent.
To sum up, all these options（选择）have advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that some combination of these options may be needed to provide the care we hope to give to our elderly generations.
【小题1】What is the passage mainly about?

A．The problems faced by the old in society.
B．Why we should take responsibility for the old.
C．How we can improve the lives of the old.
D．Where the old can go to get their pensions.
【小题2】According to the passage, how can the government help to improve the lives of retired people?
A．Set aside some profits to help people with problems after they retire.
B．Increase savings levels of people during their working years.
C．Increase the discounts for food and transport for the old.
D．Make available pensions for those who have retired.
【小题3】The underlined word “viable” most probably means “__________”.
A．impossibleB．practicalC．usefulD．successful
【小题4】What can be concluded from the passage?
A．Taking care of the old is mainly an issue of money.
B．Employers should allow their workers to retire at a later age.
C．Becoming independent should be the goal of most old people.
D．There is no single solution to the problems of the old.
【小题5】What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this article?
A．To point out the need for government support for old people.
B．To make general readers aware of the problems of retired people.
C．To discuss some possible solutions to an important social problem.
D．To instruct retired people on how they can have a happier life.

The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ______ to the digital resources of the library.

A．passage           B．way              C．approach          D．access

 

His first successful fight was for the equal rights of black people in South Africa. Then, as the first black president, he fought to unite the country and organize the government. Now Nelson Mandela has set his sights on a new enemy, AIDS.

On March 19 the 82-year-old, former president, hosted his second AIDS-awareness concert. He warned that 25 million people in Africa were already infected with the fatal disease.

Mandela was born in a small village in South Africa in 1918. He was adopted by the chief of his tribe and could have been a chief himself and lived a happy country life.

But he refused to be a chief when his people lived under racial discrimination(歧视). He decided to fight for equal rights for all the people in South Africa. Before 1990, under the country’s Racial Segregation Law, colored and white people lived separately. Black people were treated unfairly even when taking a bus. Blacks had to stand at the back of the bus to make room for white people even when there were only a few of them on board.

For his opposition to the system, Mandela was arrested and spent 27 years in prison. He was freed in 1990 and became the president of the country after the first election were held in which everyone could vote.

Mandela was not only a political fighter who attacked with speeches. He was also a trained boxer and fought in the ring when he was young.

“Although I did not enjoy the violence of boxing, I was interested in how one moved one’s body to protect oneself, how one used a strategy both to attack and retreat”, he wrote in his autobiography.

As a skillful fighter, he chose music as his weapon against AIDS. He hopes to win another victory against AIDS.

1.When was Mandela arrested?

A．In 1963

B．In 1990

C．When he refused to be a chief

D．When he became the president

2.Nelson Mandela succeeded in doing the following except _______.

A．winning the equal rights for the black people in South Africa

B．Uniting South Africa

C．organizing a government in South Africa

D．controlling the spread of AIDS

3.If Nelson Mandela hadn’t fought against racial discrimination, he_______.

A．could have been the president of South Africa

B．could still have lived a happy life

C．could have been in a difficult situation

D．would have been an excellent boxer

4.Which of the following statements can best describe the life of Nelson Mandela?

A．struggle is his life

B．sports make his fame

C．fight for equal rights

D．a great fighter against government.

 

 

A solar pump(太阳能水泵 ) was built in a desert small village. The pump used the deserts most common resource – sunlight, to increase its greatest need, water. Solar collectors were used to collect the sun’s rays. Flat collectors were used instead of concave (凹的) collectors. Flat collectors can be still and do not have moving parts, which can be broken in sandstorms. The system used the 20C temperature difference between the solar collectors and the ground water to work a steam engine which pumped water from under the ground.

Some of the social effects of the new pump were planed for. Children aged 6—15 used to meet the old men to receive the informal education there. In order to replace this, a school was also included in the project. But the project had not considered the traditional power structure of the village. As soon as the foreign experts left, the two richest men in the village took control of the pump and started selling water to everyone else. The result was that the majority of the people were poorer than before.

16. The basic function of the solar collectors is to ______

        A. pump water           B. gather the sun’s rays 

        C. start engine            D. raise the temperature

17. According to the passage which of the following statements could be true?

        A. Solar collectors were concave collectors                      

    B. Flat collectors can be broken in sandstorms.

        C. Concave collectors may be have moving parts.        

    D. A solar pump is a solar collectors.

18. The underground water is pumped by means of ______.

        A. solar collectors    B. the 20C temperature difference          C. the system  D. a steam engine

19. Another plan was also included that_____.

        A. some new pumps were to built ,too

        B. children from aged 6—15 were required to meet old men.

        C. a new school would take the place of the informal education.

        D. the richest men in the village would control the pump.

20. From this passage , it can be inferred that_____.

        A. the project was good , but people there disliked it.

        B. only few rich men supported the project.

        C. the project was successful even though it only brought good social effects to fewer villagers.

        D. the project was a complete failure, because the result was against its purpose.

 

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