Question

【题目】 There is a huge need for shark fins (鳍) in Asian countries. As a result, many sharks are caught and killed. According to reports, sharks are being killed at an shocking rate (速度) of up to 273 million worldwide every year.

Some experts predict that if the killing continues at the current rate, many shark species will be lost forever. It can be very dangerous. Sharks are very important and they should be protected.

In a study of the east coast of the United States, 11 species of sharks were eliminated from their range. Of the 14 species of ocean life that those sharks used to eat, the populations of 12 exploded and caused great damage to the ecosystem. For example, the cownose ray (鳐) population was no longer kept under control by sharks and so grew out of control. As a result, the rays destroyed the population of bay scallops (扇贝), their favorite food. The scallop fishery, which had been in good condition for over 100 years, was destroyed completely. Also, the removal of the scallops most likely had an effect on water quality as they were no longer there to perform their function (功能) of cleaning the water.

Sharks tend to eat very efficiently (高效地), going after the old, sick, or slower fish in a population, keeping that population healthy. Sharks help keep many populations of ocean life to the right size so that those prey (猎物) species don’ t do harm to the ecosystem by becoming too populated. The ocean ecosystem is made up of very complex (复杂地) food webs. For the most part, sharks are at the top of these webs and are considered by scientists to be “keystone” species, meaning that removing them may cause the whole structure to fall apart. Therefore, we should protect sharks because doing so is to protect the whole ecosystem.

【1】According to the passage, in Asian, people kill sharks mainly because ________.

A.sharks are dangerous for peopleB.there are too many sharks

C.shark fins are in great needD.sharks often attack swimmers

【2】Which of the following can replace the underlined word “eliminated” in Paragraph 4?

A.Fed.B.Removed.C.Charged.D.Protected.

【3】After the number of cownose rays greatly increased, ________.

A.water quality improved as wellB.bay scallops grew out of control

C.there are more food for sharkD.the local scallop fishery was harmed

【4】What can we know about sharks from Paragraph 4?

A.They can’t find enough food to feed on.

B.They never eat the old, sick or slower fish.

C.Their large populations can harm the ecosystem.

D.They play a key role in keeping the ecosystem healthy.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】D

【解析】

本文为夹叙夹议文。文章主要说明由于亚洲国家对鱼翅的需求量很大而导致许多鲨鱼被捕获并杀死。由于鲨鱼是海洋生物食物网的关键物种，有助于海洋生态系统平衡。它们的消失可能会导致整个海洋系统崩溃。因此，我们应该保护鲨鱼，保护整个生态系统。

【1】细节理解题。根据第一段“There is a huge need for shark fins (鳍) in Asian countries. As a result, many sharks are caught and killed”可知 亚洲国家对鱼翅的需求量很大。因此许多鲨鱼被捕获并杀死。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。

【2】词句猜测题。根据划线句“11 species of sharks were eliminated from their range.”后的内容“Of the 14 species of ocean life that those sharks used to eat, the populations of 12 exploded ...” 在这些鲨鱼曾经食用的14种海洋生物中，有12种数量激增，...。由此可知，鲨鱼的消失或减少让曾经是它的食物的14种中有12种海洋生物大增。分析选项A. Fed喂养；B. Removed使消失，去除，离开，C. Charged要价，控告；D. Protected.保护，可知只有B项符合题意，故选B。

【3】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“...the cow nose ray (鳐) population was no longer kept under control by sharks and so grew out of control. As a result, the rays destroyed the population of bay scallops (扇贝), their favorite food. The scallop fishery, which had been in good condition for over 100 years, was destroyed completely.”可知，牛鼻鳐的数量不再受鲨鱼的控制，以一种无法控制的方式增长。结果，牛鼻鳐摧毁了它们最喜欢的食物——海湾扇贝的种群。已有100多年历史的扇贝渔业遭到了彻底的破坏。由此可推断出，牛鼻鳐的数量大大增加后，扇贝急剧减少，当地的扇贝渔业受到了损失。故选D。

【4】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“For the most part, sharks are at the top of these webs and are considered by scientists to be “keystone” species, meaning that removing them may cause the whole structure to fall apart. Therefore, we should protect sharks because doing so is to protect the whole ecosystem.” 在大多数情况下，鲨鱼在这些食物网的顶部，被科学家认为是“关键”物种，这意味着它们消失可能会导致整个结构崩溃。因此，我们应该保护鲨鱼，因为这样做是为了保护整个生态系统。由此可推断出，鲨鱼在保持整个生态系统的平衡方面起着非常重要的作用。故选D项。

阅读中我们经常会考查词义猜测题。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式，这要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各种已知信息）并结合具体的语境推测、判断某些词或短语的词义。如第2小题属于测词意题。根据划线词“11 species of sharks were eliminated from their range.”后的内容“Of the 14 species of ocean life that those sharks used to eat, the populations of 12 exploded ...” 在这些鲨鱼曾经食用的14种海洋生物中，有12种数量激增，...。由此可知，鲨鱼的消失和减少会让曾经是它的食物的14种中有12种海洋生物大增。分析选项A. Fed喂养；B. Removed使消失，去除，离开，C. Charged要价，控告；D. Protected.保护，可知，只有B项符合题意，故选B。