题目内容
Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.
The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn’t become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around. But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces weren’t going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually, road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modern road design.
In the mid-1700s, a Frenchman came up with a new design of road — a base layer (层) of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same time, metal hubs (the central part of a wheel) came into being, followed by the pneumatic type (充气轮胎) in 1846.Alloy wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmacked roads (柏油路). As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.
1.What might explain why transport wheels didn’t become popular for some time?
A. Few knew how to use transport wheels.
B. Humans carried farming tools just as well.
C. Animals were a good means of transport.
D. The existence of transport wheels was not known.
2.What do we know about road design from the passage?
A. It was easier than wheel design.
B. It improved after big changes in vehicle design.
C. It was promoted by fast-moving vehicles.
D. It provided conditions for wheel design to develop.
3.How is the last paragraph mainly developed?
A. By giving examples. B. By making comparisons.
C. By following time order. D. By making classifications.
4.What is the passage mainly about?
A. The beginning of road design.
B. The development of transport wheels.
C. The history of public transport
D. The invention of fast-moving vehicles.
1.C
2.D
3.C
4.B
【解析】
试题分析:文章大意:本文介绍了车轮的发展历程。第一段是引入话题--车轮的发展。第二段说明车轮发展缓慢的原因;第三段以时间顺序说明车轮的发展历程。
1.考查细节理解。根据第二段第二行“This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around”可知,当时车轮没有流行起来的一种原因是动物充当了很好的交通工具。故选C。
2.考查提取有效信息的能力。根据第二段第四行“While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces weren’t going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them.”可知,车轮需要在光滑平整的路面上行驶,而当时对平坦路面的需求并不高。排除A;根据第二段最后一句“There had been no important changes...”可知,B、C错误;故选D。
3.考查段落大意。根据in the mid-1700s;in the 1820s;At around the same time;in 1846;in 1967;sixty years after等时间状语可知,最后一段是按照时间顺序来展开的。故选C。
4.考查对文章大意的把握。文章开头点题,提出了世界上第一个车轮是何时发明的这个问题。第二段解释车轮没有很快流行起来的原因;最后一段介绍了随着道路的发展,车轮的不断改良。道路设计的发展只是一个促进车轮发展的因素,排除A;文章没有介绍公共交通;故选B。
考点:说明文类短文阅读
![](http://thumb2018.1010pic.com/images/loading.gif)
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后从16 ~ 30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was Christmas Eve, but I had to work in the clinic. The only thing that 16 my day w
as the beautiful Christmas tree in our waiting room and a 17 sent to me by my boyfriend — a dozen red roses.
As I was cleaning my desk, I was told that a 18 in the office urgently needed to speak with me. Stepping out, I 19 a tired-looking woman with a baby in her arms. 20 , she explained that her husband was my next 21 . The guards were to bring him to the office that afternoon. She wasn’t allowed to visit her husband in 22 , so he had never seen his son. She 23 me to let the boy’s father sit in the waiting room with her as 24 as possible before I called him for his appointment. I agreed.
A short time later, her husband arrived. The woman’s tired face 25 when her husband sat beside her. They laughed, cried and shared their child.
After almost an hour, I called the prisoner in. He seemed like a 26 and humble man. I 27 what he possibly could have done to be held under such conditions. I tried to make him comfortable.
Finally, I wished him a Merry Christmas—a(n) 28 thing to say to a man headed back to prison. He smiled and thanked me. He also said sadly that he couldn’t get his wife anything for Christmas. Hearing this, I was 29 with a wonderful idea.
I’ll never forget the 30 on both their faces as the prisoner gave his wife the beautiful roses.
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