[2015辽宁朝阳二模] The next generation of robots will be a-ble to see objects,will have a sense of tou?ch,and will make critical decisions.

 Engineering and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots. With the ability to "see", robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. One robot vision system uses electronic digital cameras containing many rows of lights .sensitive materials to measure the intensity of light and convert the light rays into a range of numbers. The numbers are part of a grayscale system in which brightness is measured in a range of values. One scale ranges from 0        to 15,and another from 0        to 255. The 0        is represented by black. The highest number is white. The numbers in between represent different shades of gray. The computer then makes the calculations and converts the numbers into a picture that shows an image of the object in question. It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. Technicians believe they will,but only after years of development. Engineers working on other advances are designing and experimenting with new types of articulated metal hands and fingers,giving robots a sense of touch. Other engineers are writing new programmes allowing robots to make decisions such as whether to discard (丢弃) defective parts in finished products. To do this,the robot will also have to be capable of identifying those defective parts.

 These future robots,assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions,will have plenty of work to do. They can be used to prospect for minerals on the ocean floor or in deep areas of mines too dangerous for humans to enter. They will work as gas station attendants,firefighters,house-keepers,and security personnel. The robot business will continue to grow also. Financial analysts believe this business will soar from a $ 100-mU-lion industry at the start of the 1980s to a $ 5-billion industry in a few years. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robots.

16. Why is it so important for robots to be able to "see"?

   A. Because so they can criticize human factory personnel.

   B. Because so they can make critical decisions.

   C. Because so they can completely work as human beings.

   D. Because they have a strong desire.

17. Why will those people interested in industry have to know about robots?

   A. Because robot business will grow rapidly.

   B. Because robots will be very useful.

   C. Because robots will become very popular in industry.

   D. Because they can make a lot of money.

18. What is the meaning of "defective" in the second paragraph?

   A. Having a noticeable or desired effect.

   B. Unquestionable and undoubted.

   C. Imperfect,having serious errors.

   D. Not enough in quantity.

19. What is the best title for this passage?

   A. Future robots will have plenty of work to do

   B. Future robots will see,touch,and think

   C. Engineers to care design new types of cheap ro?bots

   D. Future robots will have visions as good human vi?sion

  A new report says plastics are responsible for $ 13 billion in damage to the oceans and the undersea environment. The findings were announced recently at a United Nations conference. The report tells about the harm of plastics to sea life and what should be done to improve the situation.

  Plastic thrown away carelessly makes its way into rivers and other waterways. Finally,they collect in the sea. Plastics can never go away because most plastics are not biodegradable―destroyed by bacteria or natural processes. Instead* it just breaks up into smaller pieces over time and combines with some chemicals and other pollutants (污染物质) in the sea. Then,fish may eat them. That means harmful materials may get into our food supplies eventually.

  But we human beings can make a big difference. We can use fewer disposable (用完即丢弃的) plastic products and throw plastics away correctly. We can also reuse plastic products rather than throw them away after the first use. Besides * plastic recycling programmes also work,where old bottles and other plastics are col?lected,broken down and used to make new products. We should really care about our environment and take some steps to reduce the pollution.

  The report also calls on companies to recycle plastic products and use them to replace new raw materials. It also asks the companies to improve methods for using plastics and direct the use of plastics. Besides,it calls for information on the way that plastics are thrown out after use. Due to their putting values on plastics,com?panies bear responsibility for improving the environment. But all people in our soci?ety should join to deal with the problem.

1. What's the new report mainly about?

   A. Difficulty in getting rid of plastics in the ocean.

   B. Plastic pollution and ways to solve it.

   C. Damage to sea life caused by waste plastics.

   D. Good methods of making and using plastics.

2. Plastic pollution in the sea will end up         .

   A. polluting our food

   B. disappearing by itself

   C. damaging crops

   D. going into the atmosphere

3. How can we reduce the harm of plastics according to Paragraph 3?

   A. By reusing plastic products.

   B. By giving up using disposable plastics.

   C. By improving plastic products.

   D. By not throwing away plastics.

4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the last paragraph?

   A. Its time for companies to stop making plastic products.

   B. Companies should make completely new plastic products.

   C. Companies should find new plastic materials and make full use of them.

   D. Its a must for the public to fight against plastic pollution.

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