题目内容
体积为V="100" cm3的空心球带有一根有刻度的均匀长管,管上共有N=101个刻度,设长管与球连接处为第一个刻度,以后顺序往上排列,相邻两刻度间管的容积为0.2 cm3,水银液滴将球内空气与大气隔开,如图8-2-9所示.当温度t="5" ℃时,水银液滴在刻度为n=21的地方.那么在此大气压下,能否用它测量温度?说明理由,若能,求其测量范围,不计热膨胀.
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/201408241209174791043.jpg)
图8-2-9
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/201408241209174791043.jpg)
图8-2-9
测量温度的范围从-5.7 ℃—47.8 ℃.
因为管口和大气相通,所以球内气体的体积随温度的升高而膨胀,气体是等压变化,根据盖·吕萨克定律:
=
=
=恒量.
温度的增加与体积的增加成正比,所以可以用来测量温度.测量温度的范围应该为气体的体积从V1="100" cm3,等压变化到V2="(100+100×0.2)" cm3="120" cm3这个范围所对应的气体温度T1—T2之间.
根据题意,当T0="273+5" K="278" K时,气体的体积V0=(100+20×0.2) cm3="104" cm3.
根据盖·吕萨克定律:
=![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824120917494264.gif)
T1=
=
K="267.3" K
=
,所以T2=
=
K="320.8" K
267.3 K="-5.7" ℃320.8 K="47.8" ℃
能测量温度的范围从-5.7 ℃—47.8 ℃.
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824120917494264.gif)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824120917510264.gif)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824120917666409.gif)
温度的增加与体积的增加成正比,所以可以用来测量温度.测量温度的范围应该为气体的体积从V1="100" cm3,等压变化到V2="(100+100×0.2)" cm3="120" cm3这个范围所对应的气体温度T1—T2之间.
根据题意,当T0="273+5" K="278" K时,气体的体积V0=(100+20×0.2) cm3="104" cm3.
根据盖·吕萨克定律:
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824120917681269.gif)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824120917494264.gif)
T1=
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824120917713324.gif)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824120917744563.gif)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824120917681269.gif)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824120917510264.gif)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824120917791429.gif)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824120917806556.gif)
267.3 K="-5.7" ℃320.8 K="47.8" ℃
能测量温度的范围从-5.7 ℃—47.8 ℃.
![](http://thumb2018.1010pic.com/images/loading.gif)
练习册系列答案
相关题目