题目内容
氯化钠的单位晶胞为立方体,黑点为钠离子位置,圆圈为氯离子位置,食盐的整体就是由这些单位晶胞组成的。食盐的摩尔质量为58.5g/mol,密度为
,试确定氯离子之间的最短间距。![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/201408241145376273827.jpg)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824114537595625.gif)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/201408241145376273827.jpg)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824114537642546.gif)
由图可知,相邻氯离子的间距等于立方体表面对角线的长度,先求食盐的摩尔体积
,已知1mol食盐中含有2摩尔的离子(氯离子和钠离子各一摩尔),则每个离子平均占有的空间体积是
,每个离子平均占有一个立方体,故立方体边长为![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824114537673365.gif)
最邻近的两个氯离子的间距等于
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/201408241145377051533.gif)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824114537642546.gif)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824114537658480.gif)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824114537673498.gif)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824114537673365.gif)
最邻近的两个氯离子的间距等于
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/201408241145377051533.gif)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140824/20140824114537642546.gif)
![](http://thumb2018.1010pic.com/images/loading.gif)
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