ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ÈçͼËùʾ£¬ÖÊÁ¿ÎªMµÄƽ°å³µP¸ßh£¬ÖÊÁ¿ÎªmµÄСÎï¿éQµÄ´óС²»¼Æ£¬Î»ÓÚƽ°å³µµÄ×ó¶Ë£¬ÏµÍ³ÔÀ´¾²Ö¹Ôڹ⻬ˮƽÃæµØÃæÉÏ£®Ò»²»¿ÉÉ쳤µÄÇáÖÊϸÉþ³¤ÎªR£¬Ò»¶ËÐüÓÚQÕýÉÏ·½¸ßΪR´¦£¬ÁíÒ»¶ËϵһÖÊÁ¿Ò²ÎªmµÄСÇò£¨´óС²»¼Æ£©£®½ñ½«Ð¡ÇòÀÖÁÐüÏßÓëÊúֱλÖóÉ60¡ã½Ç£¬Óɾ²Ö¹ÊÍ·Å£¬Ð¡Çòµ½´ï×îµÍµãʱÓëQµÄÅöײʱ¼ä¼«¶Ì£¬ÇÒÎÞÄÜÁ¿Ëðʧ£¬ÒÑÖªQÀ뿪ƽ°å³µÊ±ËٶȴóСÊÇƽ°å³µËٶȵÄÁ½±¶£¬QÓëPÖ®¼äµÄ¶¯Ä¦²ÁÒòÊýΪ¦Ì£¬M£ºm=4£º1£¬ÖØÁ¦¼ÓËÙ¶ÈΪg£®Çó£º
£¨1£©Ð¡Îï¿éQÀ뿪ƽ°å³µÊ±ËÙ¶ÈΪ¶à´ó£¿
£¨2£©Æ½°å³µPµÄ³¤¶ÈΪ¶àÉÙ£¿
£¨3£©Ð¡Îï¿éQÂäµØʱ¾àСÇòµÄˮƽ¾àÀëΪ¶àÉÙ£¿
£¨1£©Ð¡Îï¿éQÀ뿪ƽ°å³µÊ±ËÙ¶ÈΪ¶à´ó£¿
£¨2£©Æ½°å³µPµÄ³¤¶ÈΪ¶àÉÙ£¿
£¨3£©Ð¡Îï¿éQÂäµØʱ¾àСÇòµÄˮƽ¾àÀëΪ¶àÉÙ£¿
·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©Ð¡ÇòÓɾ²Ö¹°Úµ½×îµÍµãµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Éþ×ÓµÄÀÁ¦²»×ö¹¦£¬Ö»ÓÐÖØÁ¦×ö¹¦£¬»úеÄÜÊغ㣬¼´¿ÉÓÉ»úеÄÜÊغ㶨ÂÉÇó³öСÇòÓëQÅöײǰ˲¼äµÄËٶȣ®µ½´ï×îµÍµãʱÓëQµÄÅöײʱ¼ä¼«¶Ì£¬ÇÒÎÞÄÜÁ¿Ëðʧ£¬Âú×㶯Á¿ÊغãµÄÌõ¼þÇÒÄÜÁ¿Êغ㣬ÓÉÁ½´óÊغ㶨ÂɽáºÏ¿ÉÇó³öÅöײºóСÇòÓëQµÄËٶȣ®Ð¡Îï¿éQÔÚƽ°å³µPÉÏ»¬¶¯µÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÏµÍ³µÄºÏÍâÁ¦ÎªÁ㣬×ܶ¯Á¿Êغ㣬
¼´¿ÉÓɶ¯Á¿Êغ㶨ÂÉÇó³öСÎï¿éQÀ뿪ƽ°å³µÊ±Ëٶȣ»
£¨2£©Ð¡Îï¿éQÔÚƽ°å³µPÉÏ»¬¶¯µÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ð¡ÇòµÄ²¿·Ö¶¯ÄÜת»¯ÎªÄÚÄÜ£®¸ù¾ÝϵͳµÄÄÜÁ¿ÊغãÇó³öƽ°å³µPµÄ³¤¶È£®
£¨3£©Ð¡Îï¿éQÀ뿪ƽ°å³µ×öƽÅ×Ô˶¯£¬Çó³öСÎï¿é´Ó¿ªÊ¼Ô˶¯µ½ÂäµØµÄˮƽ¾àÀ룬¼´ÎªÐ¡Îï¿éQÂäµØʱ¾àСÇòµÄˮƽ¾àÀ룮
¼´¿ÉÓɶ¯Á¿Êغ㶨ÂÉÇó³öСÎï¿éQÀ뿪ƽ°å³µÊ±Ëٶȣ»
£¨2£©Ð¡Îï¿éQÔÚƽ°å³µPÉÏ»¬¶¯µÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ð¡ÇòµÄ²¿·Ö¶¯ÄÜת»¯ÎªÄÚÄÜ£®¸ù¾ÝϵͳµÄÄÜÁ¿ÊغãÇó³öƽ°å³µPµÄ³¤¶È£®
£¨3£©Ð¡Îï¿éQÀ뿪ƽ°å³µ×öƽÅ×Ô˶¯£¬Çó³öСÎï¿é´Ó¿ªÊ¼Ô˶¯µ½ÂäµØµÄˮƽ¾àÀ룬¼´ÎªÐ¡Îï¿éQÂäµØʱ¾àСÇòµÄˮƽ¾àÀ룮
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©Ð¡ÇòÓɾ²Ö¹°Úµ½×îµÍµãµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÓÐ
mgR£¨1-cos60¡ã£©=
m
½âµÃ£¬Ð¡Îï¿éµ½´ï×îµÍµãÓëQÅöײ֮ǰ˲¼äµÄËÙ¶ÈÊÇ£ºv0=
СÇòÓëÎï¿éQÏàײʱ£¬Ã»ÓÐÄÜÁ¿Ëðʧ£¬¶¯Á¿Êغ㣬»úеÄÜÊغ㣬ÔòÓÐ
mv0=mv1+mvQ
m
=
m
+
m
£¬
½âµÃ£¬v1=0£¬vQ=v0=
¶þÕß½»»»Ëٶȣ¬¼´Ð¡Çò¾²Ö¹ÏÂÀ´£¬QÔÚƽ°å³µÉÏ»¬ÐеĹý³ÌÖУ¬ÏµÍ³µÄ¶¯Á¿Êغ㣬ÔòÓÐ
mvQ=Mv+m?2v
½âµÃ£¬v=
vQ=
СÎï¿éQÀ뿪ƽ°å³µÊ±£¬ËÙ¶ÈΪ2v=
£¨2£©ÓÉÄܵÄת»¯ºÍÊغ㶨ÂÉ£¬Öª
fL=
m
-
Mv2-
m(2v)2
ÓÖf=¦Ìmg
½âµÃ£¬Æ½°å³µPµÄ³¤¶ÈΪL=
£¨3£©Ð¡Îï¿éQÔÚƽ°å³µÉÏ»¬Ðйý³ÌÖУ¬¶ÔµØλÒÆΪs£¬Ôò
-¦Ìmgs=
m(2v)2-
m
½âµÃ£¬s=
СÎï¿éQÀ뿪ƽ°å³µ×öƽÅ×Ô˶¯£¬Æ½Å×ʱ¼äΪ t=
ˮƽ¾àÀëx=2vt=
¹ÊQÂäµØµã¾àСÇòµÄˮƽ¾àÀëΪs+x=
+
£®
´ð£º
£¨1£©Ð¡Îï¿éQÀ뿪ƽ°å³µÊ±ËÙ¶ÈΪ
£»
£¨2£©Æ½°å³µPµÄ³¤¶ÈΪΪ
£»
£¨3£©Ð¡Îï¿éQÂäµØʱ¾àСÇòµÄˮƽ¾àÀëΪ
+
£®
mgR£¨1-cos60¡ã£©=
1 |
2 |
v | 2 0 |
½âµÃ£¬Ð¡Îï¿éµ½´ï×îµÍµãÓëQÅöײ֮ǰ˲¼äµÄËÙ¶ÈÊÇ£ºv0=
gR |
СÇòÓëÎï¿éQÏàײʱ£¬Ã»ÓÐÄÜÁ¿Ëðʧ£¬¶¯Á¿Êغ㣬»úеÄÜÊغ㣬ÔòÓÐ
mv0=mv1+mvQ
1 |
2 |
v | 2 0 |
1 |
2 |
v | 2 1 |
1 |
2 |
v | 2 Q |
½âµÃ£¬v1=0£¬vQ=v0=
gR |
¶þÕß½»»»Ëٶȣ¬¼´Ð¡Çò¾²Ö¹ÏÂÀ´£¬QÔÚƽ°å³µÉÏ»¬ÐеĹý³ÌÖУ¬ÏµÍ³µÄ¶¯Á¿Êغ㣬ÔòÓÐ
mvQ=Mv+m?2v
½âµÃ£¬v=
1 |
6 |
| ||
6 |
СÎï¿éQÀ뿪ƽ°å³µÊ±£¬ËÙ¶ÈΪ2v=
| ||
3 |
£¨2£©ÓÉÄܵÄת»¯ºÍÊغ㶨ÂÉ£¬Öª
fL=
1 |
2 |
v | 2 Q |
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
ÓÖf=¦Ìmg
½âµÃ£¬Æ½°å³µPµÄ³¤¶ÈΪL=
7R |
18¦Ì |
£¨3£©Ð¡Îï¿éQÔÚƽ°å³µÉÏ»¬Ðйý³ÌÖУ¬¶ÔµØλÒÆΪs£¬Ôò
-¦Ìmgs=
1 |
2 |
1 |
2 |
v | 2 Q |
½âµÃ£¬s=
4R |
9¦Ì |
СÎï¿éQÀ뿪ƽ°å³µ×öƽÅ×Ô˶¯£¬Æ½Å×ʱ¼äΪ t=
|
ˮƽ¾àÀëx=2vt=
| ||
3 |
¹ÊQÂäµØµã¾àСÇòµÄˮƽ¾àÀëΪs+x=
4R |
9¦Ì |
| ||
3 |
´ð£º
£¨1£©Ð¡Îï¿éQÀ뿪ƽ°å³µÊ±ËÙ¶ÈΪ
| ||
3 |
£¨2£©Æ½°å³µPµÄ³¤¶ÈΪΪ
7R |
18¦Ì |
£¨3£©Ð¡Îï¿éQÂäµØʱ¾àСÇòµÄˮƽ¾àÀëΪ
4R |
9¦Ì |
| ||
3 |
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ìâ²ÉÓóÌÐò·¨£¬ÖðÒ»·ÖÎöÎïÌå¼äµÄÏ໥×÷Óùý³Ì£¬·ÖÎöµÃµ½ÎïÌå¼äÏ໥×÷ÓÃʱÂú×ãµÄ¹æÂÉ£º¶¯Á¿Êغ㡢ÄÜÁ¿ÊغãµÈ£¬½ø¶øÇó³öÒªÇóµÄÎïÀíÁ¿£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿
ÈçͼËùʾ£¬ÖÊÁ¿ÎªMµÄШÐÎÎï¿é¾²Ö¹ÔÚˮƽµØÃæÉÏ£¬ÆäбÃæµÄÇã½ÇΪ¦È£®Ð±ÃæÉÏÓÐÒ»ÖÊÁ¿ÎªmµÄСÎï¿é£¬Ð¡Îï¿éÓëбÃæÖ®¼ä´æÔÚĦ²Á£®ÓúãÁ¦FÑØбÃæÏòÉÏÀ£¬Ê¹Ö®ÔÈËÙÉÏ»¬£®ÔÚСÎï¿éÔ˶¯µÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ð¨ÐÎÎï¿éʼÖÕ±£³Ö¾²Ö¹£¬Ôò£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A¡¢µØÃæ¶ÔШÐÎÎï¿éµÄÖ§³ÖÁ¦Îª£¨M+m£©g | B¡¢µØÃæ¶ÔШÐÎÎï¿éµÄĦ²ÁÁ¦ÎªÁã | C¡¢Ð¨ÐÎÎï¿é¶ÔСÎï¿éĦ²ÁÁ¦¿ÉÄÜΪÁã | D¡¢Ð¡Îï¿éÒ»¶¨Êܵ½ËĸöÁ¦×÷Óà |