题目内容
(15分)如图所示,电源内阻![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942191434.png)
,
。当电键闭合时,电流表和电压表的示数分别为1.5A和2V。求:
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250029422543123.jpg)
(1)电源电动势;
(2)
的阻值;
(3)电键断开时,干路上的电流强度。
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942191434.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942207333.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942223689.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250029422543123.jpg)
(1)电源电动势;
(2)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942269347.png)
(3)电键断开时,干路上的电流强度。
(1)4.8v(2)
(3)0.8A
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942285403.png)
试题分析:(1)电建闭合后,等效电路如下
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250029423167229.jpg)
电压表测量的是
的端电压,
与
并联所以电压相等,而且![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942425452.png)
所以
(1分)
电流表测量的是通过
的总电流,所以
(1分)
路端电压就等于
的端电压,所有
(1分)
内电压U内=
(1分)
(1分)
(2)
与
并联后与
串联,所以
的电压等于路端电压减去
的电压,因此根据欧姆定律有
(4分)
(3)电键断开后,电阻
串联后与
并联,最后与
串联
电阻
串联总电阻为
,与
并联的电阻为![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942815774.png)
整理得最终的外电阻R外=
(2分)
(4分)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250029423167229.jpg)
电压表测量的是
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942332327.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942332327.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942363361.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942425452.png)
所以
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942441905.png)
电流表测量的是通过
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942457492.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942472786.png)
路端电压就等于
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942519365.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942550945.png)
内电压U内=
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250029425661120.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942581836.png)
(2)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942332327.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942363361.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942269347.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942269347.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942363361.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250029426911093.png)
(3)电键断开后,电阻
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942457492.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942269347.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942363361.png)
电阻
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942457492.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942769450.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942269347.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002942815774.png)
整理得最终的外电阻R外=
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250029428311146.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250029428471306.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/images/loading.gif)
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