题目内容
(6分)汽缸长
(汽缸的厚度可忽略不计),固定在水平面上,气缸中有横截面积为
的光滑活塞,活塞封闭了一定质量的理想气体,当温度为
、大气压为
时,气柱长度
。现用力缓慢拉动活塞,已知拉力最大值为
。
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250020256143018.jpg)
①如果温度保持不变,能否将活塞从汽缸中拉出?
②保持拉力最大值不变,将活塞从汽缸中拉出,汽缸中气体温度至少为多少摄氏度?
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025520467.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025536610.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025551550.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025567677.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025583598.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025598583.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250020256143018.jpg)
①如果温度保持不变,能否将活塞从汽缸中拉出?
②保持拉力最大值不变,将活塞从汽缸中拉出,汽缸中气体温度至少为多少摄氏度?
①不能 ②![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025676523.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025676523.png)
试题分析:①设L有足够长,
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025692302.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025707341.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025723348.png)
活塞受力平衡,有
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025739993.png)
根据理想气态状态方程(等温变化
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025754440.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025801638.png)
解得
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025817616.png)
则
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025832417.png)
②保持
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025692302.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025926523.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025941453.png)
根据理想气体状态方程,有:
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002025988871.png)
解得:
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250020260041692.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002026019894.png)
![](http://thumb.zyjl.cn/images/loading.gif)
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