题目内容
(11分)如图所示为实验室中验证动量守恒的实验装置示意图。
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250023226278709.png)
(1)若入射小球质量为
,半径为
;被碰小球质量为
,半径为
,则( )
A.
,
B.
,![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322736418.png)
C.
,
D.
,![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322768404.png)
(2)为完成此实验,以下所提供的测量工具中必需的是 .(填下列对应的字母)
A.直尺 B.游标卡尺 C.天平 D.弹簧秤 E.秒表
(3)实验中必需要求的条件是
A.斜槽必须是光滑的
B.斜槽末端的切线必须水平
C.
与
的球心在碰撞瞬间必须在同一高度
D.
每次必须从同一高度处滚下
(4)实验中必须测量的物理量是
A.小球的质量
和
B.小球起始高度
C.小球半径
和![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322674321.png)
D.小球起飞的时间
E.桌面离地面的高度
F.小球飞出的水平距离![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002323017258.png)
(5)设入射小球的质量
,被碰小球质量为
,P为被碰前入射小球落点的平均位置,则关系式(用
、
及图中字母表示) 成立,即表示碰撞中动量守恒.
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250023226278709.png)
(1)若入射小球质量为
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322627362.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322643294.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322658386.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322674321.png)
A.
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322690495.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322705428.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322690495.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322736418.png)
C.
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322690495.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322768404.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322783476.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322768404.png)
(2)为完成此实验,以下所提供的测量工具中必需的是 .(填下列对应的字母)
A.直尺 B.游标卡尺 C.天平 D.弹簧秤 E.秒表
(3)实验中必需要求的条件是
A.斜槽必须是光滑的
B.斜槽末端的切线必须水平
C.
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322627362.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322658386.png)
D.
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322627362.png)
(4)实验中必须测量的物理量是
A.小球的质量
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322627362.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322658386.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322924313.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322643294.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322674321.png)
D.小球起飞的时间
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322970267.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322986303.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002323017258.png)
(5)设入射小球的质量
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322627362.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322658386.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322627362.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322658386.png)
(1)C (2)AC (3)BCD (4)AF (5)![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250023230801022.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250023230801022.png)
试题分析:(1)为了使两球发生正碰,两小球的半径要相同,即
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322768404.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002323126695.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250023231421016.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002323158715.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002323173428.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002323173574.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322690495.png)
(2)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002323204289.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002323220399.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002323236357.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002323251859.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002323267959.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002323282931.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002323126695.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250023230801022.png)
(3)即使斜槽粗糙,入射小球两次在相同的摩擦力作用下滑到斜槽末端的速度相同,不会影响碰撞实验,故对斜槽是否光滑没有要求,选项A错误。为保证小球碰前碰后速度水平,则斜槽末端切线必须水平,选项B正确。为了发生对心碰撞,
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322627362.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/20140825002322658386.png)
(4)小球平抛运动的时间相等,要验证动量守恒,只需验证
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250023230801022.png)
(5)根据落点可得验证动量守恒的表达式为
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic2/upload/papers/20140825/201408250023230801022.png)
![](http://thumb2018.1010pic.com/images/loading.gif)
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