ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
ÔÚˮƽµØÃæÉÏ·½µÄ×ã¹»´óµÄÕæ¿ÕÊÒÄÚ´æÔÚ×ÅÔÈÇ¿µç³¡ºÍÔÈÇ¿´Å³¡¹²´æµÄÇøÓò£¬Çҵ糡Óë´Å³¡µÄ·½ÏòʼÖÕƽÐУ¬ÔÚ¾àÀëˮƽµØÃæµÄijһ¸ß¶È´¦£¬ÓÐÒ»¸ö´øµçÁ¿Îªq¡¢ÖÊÁ¿ÎªmµÄ´ø¸ºµçµÄÖʵ㣬ÒÔ´¹Ö±Óڵ糡·½ÏòµÄˮƽ³õËÙ¶Èv½øÈë¸ÃÕæ¿ÕÊÒÄÚ£¬È¡ÖØÁ¦¼ÓËÙ¶ÈΪg£®Ç󣺣¨1£©ÈôҪʹ´øµçÖʵã½øÈëÕæ¿ÕÊÒºó×ö°ë¾¶ÎªRµÄÔÈËÙÔ²ÖÜÔ˶¯£¬Çó´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈBµÄ´óС¼°ËùÓпÉÄܵķ½Ïò£»
£¨2£©µ±´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈµÄ´óС±äΪBʱ£¬Îª±£Ö¤´øµçÖʵã½øÈëÕæ¿ÕÊÒºó×öÔÈËÙÖ±ÏßÔ˶¯£¬Çó´Ëʱµç³¡Ç¿¶ÈEµÄ´óСºÍ·½ÏòÓ¦Âú×ãµÄÌõ¼þ£»
£¨3£©Èô´øµçÖʵãÔÚÂú×ãµÚ£¨2£©ÎÊÌõ¼þÏÂÔ˶¯µ½¿ÕÖÐijһλÖÃMµãʱÁ¢¼´³·È¥´Å³¡£¬´ËºóÔ˶¯µ½¿ÕÖÐÁíһλÖÃNµãʱµÄËٶȴóСΪv£¬ÇóM¡¢NÁ½µã¼äµÄÊúÖ±¸ß¶ÈH¼°¾¹ýNµãʱÖØÁ¦×ö¹¦µÄ¹¦ÂÊ£®
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©´øµçÖʵãÔڵ糡Óë´Å³¡ÖÐ×öÔÈËÙÔ²ÖÜÔ˶¯£¬Ôòµç³¡Á¦ÓëÖØÁ¦Ïàƽºâ£¬¶øÂåÂ××ÈÁ¦ÌṩÏòÐÄÁ¦£¬ÓÉÅ£¶ÙµÚ¶þ¶¨Âɼ´¿ÉÇó½â£®
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÖʵã×öÔÈËÙÖ±ÏßÔ˶¯£¬ÖʵãÊÜÁ¦Æ½ºâ£¬´Ó¶øÒÀ¾Ý¼¸ºÎ¹Øϵ¿ÉÇó³öµç³¡Ç¿¶È´óС¼°Æä·½Ïò£»
£¨3£©µ±³·È¥´Å³¡ºó£¬´øµçÖʵãÖ»Êܵ糡Á¦ºÍÖØÁ¦×÷Óã¬ÔÚÕâ¸ö¹ý³ÌÖе糡Á¦²»×ö¹¦£¬ÓÉ»úеÄÜÊغ㶨ÂÉ¿ÉÇó³öM¡¢NÁ½µã¼äµÄÊúÖ±¸ß¶ÈH£»ÓÉÖʵã×öÀàƽÅ×Ô˶¯½«ÆäËٶȷֽâÓ빦Âʱí´ïʽÏà½áºÏ£¬´Ó¶øÈ·¶¨¾¹ýNµãʱÖØÁ¦×ö¹¦µÄ¹¦ÂÊ£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©ÓÉÓÚ´øµçÖʵãÔÚÔÈÇ¿µç³¡EºÍÔÈÇ¿´Å³¡B¹²´æµÄÇøÓò×öÔÈËÙÔ²ÖÜÔ˶¯£¬
ËùÒÔÊܵ½µÄµç³¡Á¦±Ø¶¨ÓëÖØÁ¦Æ½ºâ£¬
¼´ qE=mg
¸ù¾ÝÅ£¶ÙµÚ¶þ¶¨ÂɺÍÏòÐÄÁ¦¹«Ê½
½âµÃ
´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈBΪÊúÖ±ÏòÉÏ»òÊúÖ±ÏòÏ£®
£¨2£©´Å³¡BºÍµç³¡E·½ÏòÏàͬʱ£¬Èç´ðͼ1¼×Ëùʾ£»´Å³¡BºÍµç³¡E·½ÏòÏ෴ʱ£¬Èç´ðͼ1ÒÒËùʾ£®
ÓÉÓÚ´øµçÖʵã×öÔÈËÙÖ±ÏßÔ˶¯£¬ÓÉƽºâÌõ¼þºÍ¼¸ºÎ¹Øϵ¿ÉÖª
½âµÃ
ͼÖеĦȽÇΪ
¼´µç³¡EµÄ·½ÏòΪÑØÓëÖØÁ¦·½Ïò¼Ð½ÇÇÒбÏòϵÄÒ»Çз½Ïò£¬
»ò=£¬ÇÒбÏòÏ·½µÄÒ»Çз½Ïò£®
£¨3£©µ±³·È¥´Å³¡ºó£¬´øµçÖʵãÖ»Êܵ糡Á¦ºÍÖØÁ¦×÷Óã¬ÕâÁ½¸öÁ¦µÄºÏÁ¦´óСΪqvB£¬·½Ïò¼È´¹Ö±³õËÙ¶ÈvµÄ·½ÏòÒ²´¹Ö±µç³¡EµÄ·½Ïò£®
Éè¿ÕÖÐM¡¢NÁ½µã¼äµÄÊúÖ±¸ß¶ÈΪH£¬Òòµç³¡Á¦ÔÚÕâ¸ö¹ý³ÌÖв»×ö¹¦£¬ÔòÓÉ»úеÄÜÊغ㶨ÂɵÃ
m v2=mgH+m v2
½âµÃ
Òò´øµçÖʵã×öÀàƽÅ×Ô˶¯£¬ÓÉËٶȵķֽâ¿ÉÇóµÃ´øµçÖʵ㵽´ïNµãʱÑغÏÁ¦·½ÏòµÄ·ÖËٶȴóСΪ
vN=
ÓÖÒòµç³¡Á¦ÔÚÕâ¸ö¹ý³ÌÖв»×ö¹¦£¬´øµçÖʵ㵽´ïNµãʱ£¬ÖØÁ¦×ö¹¦µÄ¹¦ÂʵÈÓÚºÏÍâÁ¦ÔÚ´ËʱµÄ˲ʱ¹¦ÂÊ£¬
½âµÃ PN=qvBvN=
´ð£º£¨1£©ÈôҪʹ´øµçÖʵã½øÈëÕæ¿ÕÊÒºó×ö°ë¾¶ÎªRµÄÔÈËÙÔ²ÖÜÔ˶¯£¬Ôò´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈBµÄ´óС¼°ËùÓпÉÄܵķ½ÏòΪÊúÖ±ÏòÉÏ»òÊúÖ±ÏòÏ£»
£¨2£©µ±´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈµÄ´óС±äΪBʱ£¬Îª±£Ö¤´øµçÖʵã½øÈëÕæ¿ÕÊÒºó×öÔÈËÙÖ±ÏßÔ˶¯£¬Ôò´Ëʱµç³¡Ç¿¶ÈEµÄ´óС ·½ÏòÓ¦Âú×ãµÄÌõ¼þΪµç³¡EµÄ·½ÏòΪÑØÓëÖØÁ¦·½Ïò¼Ð½ÇÇÒбÏòϵÄÒ»Çз½Ïò£¬»ò=£¬ÇÒбÏòÏ·½µÄÒ»Çз½Ïò£®
£¨3£©Èô´øµçÖʵãÔÚÂú×ãµÚ£¨2£©ÎÊÌõ¼þÏÂÔ˶¯µ½¿ÕÖÐijһλÖÃMµãʱÁ¢¼´³·È¥´Å³¡£¬´ËºóÔ˶¯µ½¿ÕÖÐÁíһλÖÃNµãʱµÄËٶȴóСΪv£¬ÔòM¡¢NÁ½µã¼äµÄÊúÖ±¸ß¶ÈH¼°¾¹ýNµãʱÖØÁ¦×ö¹¦µÄ¹¦ÂÊΪ=£®
µãÆÀ£º¿¼²éÂåÂ××ÈÁ¦ÌṩÏòÐÄÁ¦×öÔÈËÙÔ²ÖÜÔ˶¯µÄ´¦Àí·½·¨£¬ÓÉÂåÂ××È¡¢µç³¡Á¦ÓëÖØÁ¦Ïàƽºâ£¬½áºÏ¼¸ºÎ¹ØϵÀ´×ÛºÏÇó½â£»Í¬Ê±»¹¿¼²é»úеÄÜÊغ㶨ÂÉ£¬¼°ÀàƽÅ×Ô˶¯¹æÂÉ£¬²¢ÔËÓù¦Âʵıí´ïʽÀ´Çó½â£®
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝÖʵã×öÔÈËÙÖ±ÏßÔ˶¯£¬ÖʵãÊÜÁ¦Æ½ºâ£¬´Ó¶øÒÀ¾Ý¼¸ºÎ¹Øϵ¿ÉÇó³öµç³¡Ç¿¶È´óС¼°Æä·½Ïò£»
£¨3£©µ±³·È¥´Å³¡ºó£¬´øµçÖʵãÖ»Êܵ糡Á¦ºÍÖØÁ¦×÷Óã¬ÔÚÕâ¸ö¹ý³ÌÖе糡Á¦²»×ö¹¦£¬ÓÉ»úеÄÜÊغ㶨ÂÉ¿ÉÇó³öM¡¢NÁ½µã¼äµÄÊúÖ±¸ß¶ÈH£»ÓÉÖʵã×öÀàƽÅ×Ô˶¯½«ÆäËٶȷֽâÓ빦Âʱí´ïʽÏà½áºÏ£¬´Ó¶øÈ·¶¨¾¹ýNµãʱÖØÁ¦×ö¹¦µÄ¹¦ÂÊ£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©ÓÉÓÚ´øµçÖʵãÔÚÔÈÇ¿µç³¡EºÍÔÈÇ¿´Å³¡B¹²´æµÄÇøÓò×öÔÈËÙÔ²ÖÜÔ˶¯£¬
ËùÒÔÊܵ½µÄµç³¡Á¦±Ø¶¨ÓëÖØÁ¦Æ½ºâ£¬
¼´ qE=mg
¸ù¾ÝÅ£¶ÙµÚ¶þ¶¨ÂɺÍÏòÐÄÁ¦¹«Ê½
½âµÃ
´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈBΪÊúÖ±ÏòÉÏ»òÊúÖ±ÏòÏ£®
£¨2£©´Å³¡BºÍµç³¡E·½ÏòÏàͬʱ£¬Èç´ðͼ1¼×Ëùʾ£»´Å³¡BºÍµç³¡E·½ÏòÏ෴ʱ£¬Èç´ðͼ1ÒÒËùʾ£®
ÓÉÓÚ´øµçÖʵã×öÔÈËÙÖ±ÏßÔ˶¯£¬ÓÉƽºâÌõ¼þºÍ¼¸ºÎ¹Øϵ¿ÉÖª
½âµÃ
ͼÖеĦȽÇΪ
¼´µç³¡EµÄ·½ÏòΪÑØÓëÖØÁ¦·½Ïò¼Ð½ÇÇÒбÏòϵÄÒ»Çз½Ïò£¬
»ò=£¬ÇÒбÏòÏ·½µÄÒ»Çз½Ïò£®
£¨3£©µ±³·È¥´Å³¡ºó£¬´øµçÖʵãÖ»Êܵ糡Á¦ºÍÖØÁ¦×÷Óã¬ÕâÁ½¸öÁ¦µÄºÏÁ¦´óСΪqvB£¬·½Ïò¼È´¹Ö±³õËÙ¶ÈvµÄ·½ÏòÒ²´¹Ö±µç³¡EµÄ·½Ïò£®
Éè¿ÕÖÐM¡¢NÁ½µã¼äµÄÊúÖ±¸ß¶ÈΪH£¬Òòµç³¡Á¦ÔÚÕâ¸ö¹ý³ÌÖв»×ö¹¦£¬ÔòÓÉ»úеÄÜÊغ㶨ÂɵÃ
m v2=mgH+m v2
½âµÃ
Òò´øµçÖʵã×öÀàƽÅ×Ô˶¯£¬ÓÉËٶȵķֽâ¿ÉÇóµÃ´øµçÖʵ㵽´ïNµãʱÑغÏÁ¦·½ÏòµÄ·ÖËٶȴóСΪ
vN=
ÓÖÒòµç³¡Á¦ÔÚÕâ¸ö¹ý³ÌÖв»×ö¹¦£¬´øµçÖʵ㵽´ïNµãʱ£¬ÖØÁ¦×ö¹¦µÄ¹¦ÂʵÈÓÚºÏÍâÁ¦ÔÚ´ËʱµÄ˲ʱ¹¦ÂÊ£¬
½âµÃ PN=qvBvN=
´ð£º£¨1£©ÈôҪʹ´øµçÖʵã½øÈëÕæ¿ÕÊÒºó×ö°ë¾¶ÎªRµÄÔÈËÙÔ²ÖÜÔ˶¯£¬Ôò´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈBµÄ´óС¼°ËùÓпÉÄܵķ½ÏòΪÊúÖ±ÏòÉÏ»òÊúÖ±ÏòÏ£»
£¨2£©µ±´Å¸ÐӦǿ¶ÈµÄ´óС±äΪBʱ£¬Îª±£Ö¤´øµçÖʵã½øÈëÕæ¿ÕÊÒºó×öÔÈËÙÖ±ÏßÔ˶¯£¬Ôò´Ëʱµç³¡Ç¿¶ÈEµÄ´óС ·½ÏòÓ¦Âú×ãµÄÌõ¼þΪµç³¡EµÄ·½ÏòΪÑØÓëÖØÁ¦·½Ïò¼Ð½ÇÇÒбÏòϵÄÒ»Çз½Ïò£¬»ò=£¬ÇÒбÏòÏ·½µÄÒ»Çз½Ïò£®
£¨3£©Èô´øµçÖʵãÔÚÂú×ãµÚ£¨2£©ÎÊÌõ¼þÏÂÔ˶¯µ½¿ÕÖÐijһλÖÃMµãʱÁ¢¼´³·È¥´Å³¡£¬´ËºóÔ˶¯µ½¿ÕÖÐÁíһλÖÃNµãʱµÄËٶȴóСΪv£¬ÔòM¡¢NÁ½µã¼äµÄÊúÖ±¸ß¶ÈH¼°¾¹ýNµãʱÖØÁ¦×ö¹¦µÄ¹¦ÂÊΪ=£®
µãÆÀ£º¿¼²éÂåÂ××ÈÁ¦ÌṩÏòÐÄÁ¦×öÔÈËÙÔ²ÖÜÔ˶¯µÄ´¦Àí·½·¨£¬ÓÉÂåÂ××È¡¢µç³¡Á¦ÓëÖØÁ¦Ïàƽºâ£¬½áºÏ¼¸ºÎ¹ØϵÀ´×ÛºÏÇó½â£»Í¬Ê±»¹¿¼²é»úеÄÜÊغ㶨ÂÉ£¬¼°ÀàƽÅ×Ô˶¯¹æÂÉ£¬²¢ÔËÓù¦Âʵıí´ïʽÀ´Çó½â£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿