题目内容

已知各项均不为零的数列{an}的前n项和为Sn,且满足a1=c,2Sn=anan+1+r.
(1)若r=-6,数列{an}能否成为等差数列?若能,求c满足的条件;若不能,请说明理由.
(2)设Pn=
a1
a1-a2
+
a1
a1-a2
+
a3
a3-a4
+…
a2n-1
a2n-1-a2n
,Qn=
a2
a2-a3
+ +
a4
a4-a5
+…
a2n
a2n-a2n+1
,若r>c>4,求证:对于一切n∈N*,不等式-n<Pn-Qn<n2+n恒成立.
分析:(1)n=1时,2a1=a1a2+r,由a1=c,知a2=2-
r
c
.n≥2时,由2Sn=anan+1+r,2Sn-1=an-1an+r,得2an=an(an+1-an-1).所以an+1-an-1=2.由此能够导出当且仅当c=3时,数列{an}为等差数列.
(2)由a2n-1-a2n=[a1+2(n-1)]-[a2+2(n-1)]=a1-a2=c+
r
c
-2.知a2n-a2n+1=[a2+2(n-1)]-(a1+2n)=a2-a1-2=-(c+
r
c
).所以Pn-Qn=
1
c+
r
c
-2
•n•(n+c-1)+
1
c+
r
c
•n•(n+1-
r
c
)
=(
1
c+
r
c
-2
+
1
c+
r
c
)n2
+(
c-1
c+
r
c
-2
+
1-
r
c
c+
r
c
)n
.由此能够推导出对于一切n∈N*,不等式-n<Pn-Qn<n2+n恒成立.
解答:(1)解:n=1时,2a1=a1a2+r,
∵a1=c≠0,
∴2c=ca2+r,a2=2-
r
c
.  (1分)
n≥2时,2Sn=anan+1+r,①
2Sn-1=an-1an+r,②
①-②,得2an=an(an+1-an-1).
∵an≠0,∴an+1-an-1=2. ( 3分)
则a1,a3,a5,…,a2n-1,…成公差为2的等差数列,
a2n-1=a1+2(n-1).
a2,a4,a6,…,a2n,…成公差为2的等差数列,
a2n=a2+2(n-1).
要使{an}为等差数列,当且仅当a2-a1=1.
2-
r
c
-c=1
.r=c-c2.  ( 4分)
∵r=-6,∴c2-c-6=0,c=-2或3.
∵当c=-2,a3=0,不合题意,舍去.
∴当且仅当c=3时,数列{an}为等差数列. (5分)
(2)证明:a2n-1-a2n=[a1+2(n-1)]-[a2+2(n-1)]=a1-a2=c+
r
c
-2.
a2n-a2n+1=[a2+2(n-1)]-(a1+2n)=a2-a1-2=-(c+
r
c
). (8分)
Pn=
1
c+
r
c
-2
[na1+
n(n-1)
2
×2]

=
1
c+
r
c
-2
•n•(n+c-1)
.(9分)
Qn=-
1
c+
r
c
[na2+
n(n-1)
2
×2]

=-
1
c+
r
c
•n•(n+1-
r
c
)
.(10分)
Pn-Qn=
1
c+
r
c
-2
•n•(n+c-1)+
1
c+
r
c
•n•(n+1-
r
c
)

=(
1
c+
r
c
-2
+
1
c+
r
c
)n2
+(
c-1
c+
r
c
-2
+
1-
r
c
c+
r
c
)n
.(11分)
∵r>c>4,
c+
r
c
≥2
r
>4,
c+
r
c
-2
>2.
∴0<
1
c+
r
c
-2
+
1
c+
r
c
1
2
+
1
4
=
3
4
<1. (13分)
c-1
c+
r
c
-2
+
1-
r
c
c+
r
c
=
c-1
c+
r
c
-2
+
c+1
c+
r
c
-1
>-1.  (14分)
又∵r>c>4,
r
c
>1

则0<c-1<c+
r
c
-2
0<c+1<c+
r
c

c-1
c+
r
c
-2
<1.
c+1
c+
r
c
<1

c-1
c+
r
c
-2
+
c+1
c+
r
c
-1
<1.(15分)
∴对于一切n∈N*,不等式-n<Pn-Qn<n2+n恒成立.(16分)
点评:本题考查数列和不等式的综合应用,考查运算求解能力,推理论证能力;考查化归与转化思想.对数学思维的要求比较高,有一定的探索性.综合性强,难度大,计算繁琐,易出错.解题时要认真审题,仔细解答,注意培养计算能力.
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