题目内容
已知抛物线的顶点在坐标原点O,焦点F在x正半轴上,倾斜角为锐角的直线l过F点.设直线l与抛物线交于A、B两点,与抛物线的准线交于M点,
=λ
,其中λ>0
(I)若λ=1,求直线l的斜率;
(II)若点A、B在x轴上的射影分别为A1、B1,且|
|,|
|,2|
|成等差数列,求λ的值.
解:依题意设抛物线方程为y2=2px(p>0),A(x1,y1),B(x2,y2),直线l的斜率为k,k>0,M的纵坐标为y0,
则F(
,0),准线方程为x=-
,直线l的方程为y=k(x-
),M(-
,y0),y2>0
因为
=λ
,所以(p,-y0)=λ(x2-
,y0),故p=λ(x2-
)
(I)若λ=1,由p=λ(x2-
),y22=2px2,y2>0,得x2=
,y2=
p,
故点B的坐标为(
)
所以直线l的斜率k=
=
(5分)
(II)联立y2=2px,y=k(x-
),消去y,可得k2x2-(k2p+2p)x+
=0,则x1x2=
又
(7分)
故
(9分)
因为|
|,|
|,2|
|成等差数列,
所以|
|+2|
|=2|
|,
故(x2-
)+2(
-x1)=p,即x2-2x1=
将
,
代入上式得
因为λ>0,所以λ=2. (12分)
分析:(I)先确定p=λ(x2-
),进而求出B的坐标,即可求直线l的斜率;
(II)直线方程代入抛物线方程,求得A1、B1的横坐标,根据|
|,|
|,2|
|成等差数列,可得|
|+2|
|=2|
|,从而可得x2-2x1=
,由此可求λ的值.
点评:本题考查直线与抛物线的位置关系,考查等差数列的性质,考查学生分析解决问题的能力,属于中档题.
则F(




因为




(I)若λ=1,由p=λ(x2-



故点B的坐标为(

所以直线l的斜率k=


(II)联立y2=2px,y=k(x-



又

故

因为|



所以|



故(x2-



将



因为λ>0,所以λ=2. (12分)
分析:(I)先确定p=λ(x2-

(II)直线方程代入抛物线方程,求得A1、B1的横坐标,根据|







点评:本题考查直线与抛物线的位置关系,考查等差数列的性质,考查学生分析解决问题的能力,属于中档题.

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