ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
6£®½«0.1molMg¡¢Al»ìºÏÎïÈÜÓÚ100mL4mol/LµÄÑÎËáÖУ¬È»ºóÔٵμÓ1mol/LµÄNaOHÈÜÒº£¬ÔڵμÓNaOHÈÜÒºµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬³ÁµíÖÊÁ¿mÓëNaOHÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýVµÄ±ä»¯ÈçͼËùʾ£®£¨1£©µ±V1=140mLʱ£¬»ìºÏÎïÖÐn£¨Mg£©=0.04mol£¬V2=460mL
£¨2£©µÎÈëµÄNaOHÈÜÒº400mL ʱ£¬ÈÜÒºÖеÄMg2+ºÍAl3+¸ÕºÃ³ÁµíÍêÈ«£®
£¨3£©Èô»ìºÏÎïÖÐMgµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿·ÖÊýΪa£¬µ±µÎÈëµÄNaOHÈÜҺΪ450mLʱ£¬ËùµÃ³ÁµíÖÐÎÞAl£¨OH£©3£¬ÔòaµÄÈ¡Öµ·¶Î§ÊÇ0.5¡Üa£¼1£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©ÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª£¬´Ó¿ªÊ¼ÖÁ¼ÓÈëNaOHÈÜÒºV1mL£¬Ã»ÓгÁµíÉú³É£¬ËµÃ÷ÔÈÜÒºÖÐÑÎËáÈܽâMg¡¢Alºó£¬ÑÎËáÓÐÊ£Ó࣬´Ëʱ·¢ÉúµÄ·´Ó¦Îª£ºH++OH-=H2O£»
¼ÌÐøµÎ¼ÓNaOHÈÜÒº£¬µ½ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜҺΪAʱ£¬³ÁµíÁ¿×î´ó£¬´ËʱΪMg£¨OH£©2ºÍAl£¨OH£©3£¬´Ëʱ·¢ÉúµÄ·´Ó¦Îª£ºMg2++2OH-=Mg£¨OH£©2£¬Al3++3OH-=Al£¨OH£©3£¬ÈÜҺΪÂÈ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº£¬ÔÙ¼ÌÐøµÎ¼ÓNaOHÈÜÒº£¬ÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÆ«ÂÁËáÄÆÓëË®£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦Al£¨OH£©3+OH-=AlO2-+2H2O£»
ÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª£¬0¡«V1·¢ÉúH++OH-=H2O£¬V1¡«A·¢ÉúMg2+¡¢Al3+ת»¯Îª³ÁµíµÄ·´Ó¦£¬A¡úB¶Î·¢ÉúAl£¨OH£©3+OH-=AlO2-+2H2O£¬½áºÏ·´Ó¦¼°Ô×ÓÊغã¼ÆËã½â´ð£»
£¨2£©µ±Ã¾Àë×Ó¡¢ÂÁÀë×ÓÇ¡ºÃÍêÈ«³Áµíʱ£¬ÈÜÖÊΪÂÈ»¯ÄÆ£¬½áºÏÖÊÁ¿Êغ㶨ÂɼÆËã³öÐèÒªÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºÌå»ý£»
£¨3£©Èô»ìºÏÎïÈÔΪ0.1mol£¬ÆäÖÐþµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿·ÖÊýΪa£¬ÓÃ400mL1mol•L-1ÑÎËáÈܽâºó£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÈë450mL 1mol•L-1ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºÎÞAl£¨OH£©3³Áµí£¬Ö¤Ã÷Éú³ÉµÄÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁÈ«²¿ºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦£¬ÓÉÉÏÊö·ÖÎöÖª£ºv1=400ml£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÈë50mL 1mol•L-1ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº£¬ËùµÃAl£¨OH£©3³ÁµíÍêÈ«ÈÜÓÚÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÉú³ÉÆ«ÂÁËáÄÆ£¬ËùµÃAl£¨OH£©3³ÁµíÍêÈ«ÈÜÓÚÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÉú³ÉÆ«ÂÁËáÄÆ£¬ÇóµÃ£ºAl£¨OH£©3×î´óÈ¡Öµ0.05mol£¬¼´0£¼n£¨Al£©¡Ü0.05mol£¬ÔÙ½áºÏn£¨Mg£©+n£¨Al£©=0.1molÅжÏaµÄ·¶Î§£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©ÓÉͼ¿ÉÖª£¬´Ó¿ªÊ¼ÖÁ¼ÓÈëNaOHÈÜÒºV1mL£¬Ã»ÓгÁµíÉú³É£¬ËµÃ÷ÔÈÜÒºÖÐÑÎËáÈܽâMg¡¢Alºó£¬ÑÎËáÓÐÊ£Ó࣬´Ëʱ·¢ÉúµÄ·´Ó¦Îª£ºH++OH-=H2O£»
¼ÌÐøµÎ¼ÓNaOHÈÜÒº£¬µ½ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜҺΪAʱ£¬³ÁµíÁ¿×î´ó£¬´ËʱΪMg£¨OH£©2ºÍAl£¨OH£©3£¬´Ëʱ·¢ÉúµÄ·´Ó¦Îª£ºMg2++2OH-=Mg£¨OH£©2£¬Al3++3OH-=Al£¨OH£©3£¬ÈÜҺΪÂÈ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº£¬ÔÙ¼ÌÐøµÎ¼ÓNaOHÈÜÒº£¬ÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÆ«ÂÁËáÄÆÓëË®£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦Al£¨OH£©3+OH-=AlO2-+2H2O£»
ÈôV1=140mL£¬ËµÃ÷ÑÎËáÓÐÊ£Ó࣬ʣÓàÑÎËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿=1mol/L¡Á0.14L=0.14mol£¬ÔòºÍ½ðÊô·´Ó¦µÄÑÎËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿=4mol/L¡Á0.1L-0.14mol=0.26mol£¬
ÉèþµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÊÇx£¬ÂÁµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÊÇy£¬x+y=0.1¡¢2x=3y=0.26£¬½âµÃ£ºx=0.04mol£¬y=0.06mol£¬
V2ʱÈÜÒºÖеÄÈÜÖÊÊÇÆ«ÂÁËáÄƺÍÂÈ»¯ÄÆ£¬¸ù¾ÝÔ×ÓÊغãÖª£¬n£¨NaOH£©=n£¨Al£©+n£¨HCl£©=0.06mol+0.4mol=0.46mol£¬ËùÒÔÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵÄÌå»ý=$\frac{0.46mol}{1mol/L}$=460mL£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.04£»460£»
£¨2£©ÈÜÒºÖеÄMg2+ºÍAl3+¸ÕºÃ³ÁµíÍêȫʱ£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖÊΪNaCl£¬Ôòn£¨NaOH£©=n£¨HCl£©=4mol/L¡Á0.1L=0.4mol£¬ÐèÒªÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ýΪ£º$\frac{0.4mol}{1mol/L}$=0.4L=400mL£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º400£»
£¨3£©Èô»ìºÏÎïÈÔΪ0.1mol£¬ÆäÖÐþµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿·ÖÊýΪa£¬ÓÃ400mL1mol•L-1ÑÎËáÈܽâºó£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÈë450mL 1mol•L-1ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº£¬ËùµÃÈÜÒºÎÞAl£¨OH£©3³Áµí£¬Ö¤Ã÷Éú³ÉµÄÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁÈ«²¿ºÍÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆ·´Ó¦£¬ÓÉÉÏÊö·ÖÎöÖª£ºv1=400mL£¬ÔÙ¼ÓÈë50mL 1mol•L-1ÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº£¬ËùµÃAl£¨OH£©3³ÁµíÍêÈ«ÈÜÓÚÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÉú³ÉÆ«ÂÁËáÄÆ£¬Al£¨OH£©3+NaOH=NaAlO2+2H2O£¬Al£¨OH£©3×î´óÈ¡Öµ0.05mol£¬¼´0£¼n£¨Al£©¡Ü0.05mol£¬n£¨Mg£©+n£¨Al£©=0.1mol£¬Ôò0.5¡Ün£¨Mg£©£¼1£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.5¡Üa£¼1£®
µãÆÀ ±¾ÌâÒÔͼÏóÐÎʽ¿¼²é»ìºÏÎï¼ÆË㣬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬Ã÷ȷÿһ¶ÎͼÏó·¢ÉúµÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦¡¢ÖªµÀ¹Õµã´ú±íµÄº¬Òå¼°ÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖʵijɷ֣¬½áºÏ·½³Ìʽ¶ÔÓйØÎÊÌâ½øÐзÖÎö£¬×¢ÒâÊغã˼ÏëµÄÔËÓ㬿ÉÒÔʹ¼ÆËã¼ò»¯£®
A£® | ½«ÆøÌåͨÈëË® | B£® | ½«ÆøÌåͨÈë³ÎÇåʯ»ÒË® | ||
C£® | ½«ÆøÌåͨÈëäåË® | D£® | ½«ÆøÌåͨÈëÂÈÆø½øÐйâÕÕ |
A£® | ÓÃÈȵĴ¿¼îÇåÏ´ÓÍÎÛ | B£® | ÂÈÆøÄÑÈÜÓÚNaClÈÜÒºÖÐ | ||
C£® | Ã÷·¯µÄ¾»Ë®×÷Óà | D£® | ÅÝÄÃð»ðÆ÷µÄʹÓÃÔÀí |
A£® | CH3CH£¨Br£©OH | B£® | CH3CH£¨CH2OH£©CHO | ||
C£® | CH3CH2CH£¨CH3£©CH2CH3 | D£® | HOOCCH£¨Br£©COOCH3 |
A£® | ÎÂÊÒЧӦ--CO2 | B£® | ¹â»¯Ñ§ÎÛȾ--NO2 | C£® | ËáÓê--SO2 | D£® | ³ôÑõ²ãÆÆ»µ--CO |
A£® | Ô×Ӱ뾶£ºD£¾E£¾C£¾B£¾A | |
B£® | ÈÈÎȶ¨ÐÔ£ºEA4£¾A2C | |
C£® | µ¥ÖÊD¿ÉÓú£Ë®×÷ÔÁÏ»ñµÃ | |
D£® | »¯ºÏÎïDCÓ뻯ºÏÎïEC2Öл¯Ñ§¼üÀàÐÍÏàͬ |
A£® | ±©ÓêºóÔâºéË®½þÅݵÄÌúÃÅÉúÐâÊÇÒòΪ·¢Éú»¯Ñ§¸¯Ê´ | |
B£® | °×ÌúƤ£¨Ìú¶Æп£©±íÃæÓл®Ëðʱ£¬²»ÄÜ×èÖ¹Ìú±»¸¯Ê´ | |
C£® | ·ÏÆúµÄ¸Éµç³Ø²»ÄÜËæÒⶪÆú£¬µ«¿ÉÒÔÍÁÂñ´¦Àí | |
D£® | ²»Äܽ«ÌúÖÆ×ÔÀ´Ë®¹ÜÓëÍÖÆË®ÁúÍ·Á¬½Ó |
A£® | CH4+Cl2$\stackrel{¹âÕÕ}{¡ú}$CH3Cl+HCl | |
B£® | +HNO3$¡ú_{¡÷}^{ŨÁòËá}$+H2O | |
C£® | CH3CH2OH+CH3COOH $?_{¡÷}^{ŨÁòËá}$CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O | |
D£® | CH2=CH2+HBr¡úCH3CH2Br |