ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
³£ÎÂÏ£¬ÏÂÁÐÈÜÒºÖеÄ΢Á£Å¨¶È¹ØϵÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ(¡¡¡¡)
A£®ÐÂÖÆÂÈË®ÖмÓÈë¹ÌÌåNaOH£ºc(Na£«)£½c(Cl£)£«c(ClO£)£«c(OH£) |
B£®pH£½8.3µÄNaHCO3ÈÜÒº£ºc(Na£«)£¾c(HCO3-)£¾c(CO32-)£¾c(H2CO3) |
C£®pH£½11µÄ°±Ë®ÓëpH£½3µÄÑÎËáµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£ºc(Cl£)£½c(NH4+)£¾c(OH£)£½c(H£«) |
D£®0.2 mol¡¤L£1 CH3COOHÈÜÒºÓë0.1 mol¡¤L£1 NaOHÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£º |
D
½âÎöÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£ºA£®¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊغã¿ÉÖª£ºc(H+) +c(Na£«)£½c(Cl£)£«c(ClO£)£«c(OH£).´íÎó¡£B£®pH£½8.3µÄNaHCO3ÈÜÒº£ºHCO3-µÄË®½â×÷ÓôóÓÚµçÀë×÷Óá£ËùÒÔc(Na£«)£¾c(HCO3-)£¾c(H2CO3) £¾c(CO32-)¡£´íÎó¡£C£®pH£½11µÄ°±Ë®ÓëpH£½3µÄÑÎËáC(H£«)=C(OH£)=10-3mol/L,ÓÉÓÚһˮºÏ°±ÊÇÈõ¼î£¬ÑÎËáÊÇÇ¿ËᣬËùÒÔc(°±Ë®)£¾ c(HCl) =10-3mol/L.µÈÌå»ý»ìºÏºó£¬ÓÉÓÚ°±Ë®¹ýÁ¿£¬ËùÒÔc(NH4+)£¾c(Cl£) £¾c(OH£) £¾c(H£«)¡£´íÎó¡£D£®0.2 mol¡¤L£1 CH3COOHÈÜÒºÓë0.1 mol¡¤L£1 NaOHÈÜÒºµÈÌå»ý»ìºÏ£¬·¢Éú·´Ó¦CH3COOH+NaOH= CH3COONa + H2O¡£¸ù¾ÝÎïÁÏÊغã¿ÉµÃ¢Ùc(CH3COO£)+c(CH3COOH) £½2c(Na+).¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊغã¿ÉµÃ£ºc(CH3COO£)+ c(OH£)£½c(H£«)+c(Na+)£¬¢Ú c(Na+)= c(CH3COO£)+=c(OH£)- c(H£«)¡£½«=¢Ú´úÈë¢ÙʽµÃ£¬2c(H£«)£2c(OH£)£½c(CH3COO£)£c(CH3COOH) ¡£ÕýÈ·¡£
¿¼µã£º¿¼²éÈÜÒºÖеÄ΢Á£Å¨¶È¹ØϵµÄ֪ʶ¡£
·Ö±ð½«ÏÂÁÐÎïÖÊ£º¢ÙFeCl3¢ÚCaO¢ÛNaCl¢ÜCa(HCO3)2¢ÝNa2SO3¢ÞK2SO4ͶÈëË®ÖУ¬ÔÚÕô·¢ÃóÖжÔÆäÈÜÒº¼ÓÈÈÕô¸É£¬Äܵõ½ÔÎïÖʵÄÊÇ
A£®¢Ú¢Û | B£®¢Û¢Þ | C£®¢Ù¢Ü | D£®¢Ý¢Þ |
³£ÎÂÏ£¬½«v1 mL c1 mol¡¤L£1µÄ°±Ë®ÖðµÎµÎ¼Óµ½v2 mL c2 mol¡¤L£1µÄÑÎËáÖУ¬ÏÂÁнáÂÛÖÐÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©¡£
A£®Èôv1£½v2¡¡c1£½c2£¬Ôò»ìºÏÒºÖÐc(NH4+)£½c(C1£) |
B£®Èô»ìºÏÒºµÄpH£½7£¬Ôò»ìºÏÒºÖÐc(NH4+)£¾c(C1£) |
C£®Èôv1£½v2ÇÒpH£¼7£¬ÔòÒ»¶¨ÓÐc1£¼c2 |
D£®Èô»ìºÏÒºµÄpH£½7£¬Ôòc1v1£¾c2v2 |
¸ù¾ÝÓÒϱíÊý¾Ý£¬ÏÂÁÐÅжÏÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
ÎïÖÊ | HF | H3PO4 |
µçÀëƽ ºâ³£Êý | K= 3.6¡Á10¡ª4 | K1=" " 7.5¡Á10¡ª3 K2=" " 6.2¡Á10¡ª8 K3=" " 2.2¡Á10¡ª13 |
B£®ÉÙÁ¿H3PO4ºÍNaF·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ:H3PO4 +F-=H2PO4-+HF
C£®Í¬ÎÂͬŨ¶Èʱ£¬ÈÜÒºµÄpH£ºNaF£¾NaH2PO4£¾Na2HPO4
D£®½áºÏH+ µÄÄÜÁ¦£ºF¡ª£¾HPO42¡ª£¾PO43¡ª
ijÈÜÒºÖнöº¬Na£«¡¢H£«¡¢OH£¡¢CH3COO£ËÄÖÖÀë×Ó£¬ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨´íÎóµÄÊÇ
A£®ÈÜÒºÖÐËÄÖÖÁ£×ÓÖ®¼ä²»¿ÉÄÜÂú×㣺c(Na£«)£¾c(OH£)£¾c(H£«)£¾c(CH3COO£) |
B£®ÈôÈÜÒºÖв¿·ÖÁ£×Ó¼äÂú×㣺c(CH3COO£)£½c(Na£«)£¬Ôò¸ÃÈÜÒºÒ»¶¨³ÊÖÐÐÔ |
C£®ÈôÈÜÒºÖÐÈÜÖʽöΪCH3COONa£¬ÔòÁ£×Ó¼äÒ»¶¨Âú×㣺c(Na£«)£¾c(CH3COO£)£¾c(OH£)£¾c(H£«) |
D£®ÈôÈÜÒºÖеÄÈÜÖÊΪCH3COONaºÍCH3COOH£¬ÔòÈÜÒºÖÐÁ£×Ó¼äÒ»¶¨Âú×㣺c(CH3COO£)£¾c(Na£«)£¾c(H£«)£¾c(OH£) |
ÏÂÁÐÓйصç½âÖÊÈÜÒºµÄÐðÊöÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®Í¬Å¨¶È¡¢Í¬Ìå»ýµÄÇ¿ËáÓëÇ¿¼îÈÜÒº»ìºÏºó£¬ÈÜÒºµÄpH£½7 |
B£®ÔÚº¬ÓÐBaSO4³ÁµíµÄÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëNa2SO4¹ÌÌ壬c(Ba2£«)Ôö´ó |
C£®º¬1 mol KOHµÄÈÜÒºÓë1 mol CO2ÍêÈ«·´Ó¦ºó£¬ÈÜÒºÖÐc(K£«)£½c(HCO) |
D£®ÔÚCH3COONaÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÊÊÁ¿CH3COOH£¬¿Éʹc(Na£«)£½c(CH3COO£) |
25¡æʱ£¬µÈÌå»ýµÄ ¢Ù pH£½2 H2SO4ÈÜÒº¡¡¢Ú0.005mol/L Ba(OH)2ÈÜÒº ¢ÛpH£½10 Na2CO3ÈÜÒº¢ÜpH£½4 NH4ClÈÜÒºÖУ¬·¢ÉúµçÀëµÄË®µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈÊÇ
A£®1:1:108:108 | B£®108:108:1:106 |
C£®108: 5¡Á107:1:106 | D£®1:2:108:108 |
ÒÑÖª25¡æʱ£º
¢Ù NH4+ (aq) Ê®OH¡ª(aq)£½NH3¡¤H2O(aq) ¦¤H£½a kJ¡¤mol-1
¢Ú NH4+ (aq) Ê®H2O(1) NH3¡¤H2O(aq)Ê®H+(aq) ¦¤H£½bkJ¡¤mol-1
Ïò20 mL0.1mol/L°±Ë®ÖÐÖðµÎ¼ÓÈë0.1mol/LÑÎËᣬÏÂÁÐÓйØ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ( )
A£®Ëæ×ÅÑÎËáµÄÖðµÎ¼ÓÈ룬ˮµçÀëµÄc(OH¡ª)×ÜÊÇÖð½¥¼õС |
B£®µ±µÎÈë10mLÑÎËáʱ£¬ÈÜÒºÖУºc(NH4+)Ê®c(NH3¡¤H2O)£½2c(Cl¡ª) |
C£®µ±µÎÈë20mLÑÎËáʱ£¬ÈÜÒºÖУºc(Cl¡ª)Ê®c(H+)£½c(NH4+)Ê®c(OH¡ª) |
D£®Ë®µçÀë¹ý³ÌµÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ¿É±íʾΪ£ºH2O(1) H+(aq)+OH¡ª(aq) ¦¤H£½( b£a) kJ¡¤mol-1 |
³£ÎÂʱ£¬ÏÂÁи÷ÈÜÒºÖУ¬Î¢Á£µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È¹ØϵÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®pH = 5µÄNaHSO3ÈÜÒº£º[HSO3£]£¾[H2SO3]£¾[SO32£] |
B£®pH = 8µÄ±½·ÓÓë±½·ÓÄÆ»ìºÏÈÜÒº£º[Na£«]£¾[C6H5O£]£¾[OH£]£¾[H£«] |
C£®pH = 7µÄCH3COONaÓëCH3COOHµÄ»ìºÏÈÜÒº£º[Na£«]£½[CH3COO£]£«[CH3COOH] |
D£®0.1 mol/L NaHCO3ÈÜÒº£º[OH£] + [CO32£]£½ [H£«]£«[H2CO3] |