ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
12£®ÒÑÖª£º³£Î³£Ñ¹Ï£¬D¡¢E¡¢F¡¢I¡¢JΪÆøÌ壻EÄÜʹ³ÎÇåʯ»ÒË®±ä»ë×Ç£¬1molEÓ뺬1molFµÄË®ÈÜҺǡºÃ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉB£¬BÊÇÒ»ÖÖ³£¼ûµÄ»¯·Ê£®ÎïÖÊA-KÖ®¼äÓÐÈçÏÂͼËùʾת»¯¹Øϵ£¨²¿·Ö·´Ó¦ÖÐÉú³ÉµÄË®ÒÑÂÔÈ¥£©£®ÊԻشðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©ÒÑÖªAÖÐ[FeC2O4]ºÍCÖÐFeÔªËؾùΪ+2¼Û£¬ÔòFeC2O4ÖÐCÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼ÛΪ+3£¬EµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÎªCO2£®
£¨2£©Ð´³ö·´Ó¦¢Û¡¢¢Ü¡¢¢ÝµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ
¢Û4NH3+5O2 $\frac{\underline{´ß»¯¼Á}}{¡÷}$4NO+6H2O¢Ü3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO¢ÝFeO+CO$\frac{\underline{\;¸ßÎÂ\;}}{\;}$Fe+CO2
£¨3£©ÉÙÁ¿HÓëKµÄŨÈÜÒºÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ·´Ó¦ÈôÓÐ1mol K±»»¹Ôʱ£¬×ªÒƵĵç×Ó×ÜÊýΪ6.02¡Á1023¸ö£®
£¨4£©Ð´³ö¹ýÁ¿µ¥ÖÊHÓëKµÄÏ¡ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ£º3Fe+2NO3-+8H+=3Fe2++2NO¡ü+4H2O£®
·ÖÎö AÖÐ[FeC2O4]ºÍCÖÐFeÔªËؾùΪ+2¼Û£¬A¼ÓÈÈ·Ö½âµÃµ½C¡¢ÆøÌåDÓëÆøÌåE£¬ÇÒDÓëÑõÆø·´Ó¦µÃµ½E£¬¿ÉÍÆÖªCΪFeO£¬DΪCO£¬EΪCO2£¬ÓÉ·´Ó¦¢Ý¿ÉÖªHΪFe£»BÊÇÒ»ÖÖ³£¼ûµÄ»¯·Ê£¬¼ÓÈÈ·Ö½âµÃµ½¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼¡¢ÆøÌåFÓëG£¬ÇÒFÄÜÁ¬ÐøÓëÑõÆø·´Ó¦£¬BΪ̼ËáÐγɵÄï§ÑΣ¬1molEÓ뺬1molFµÄË®ÈÜҺǡºÃ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉB£¬BΪNH4HCO3£¬FΪNH3£¬IΪNO£¬JΪNO2£¬GΪH2O£¬KΪHNO3£¬¾Ý´Ë½â´ð£®
½â´ð ½â£ºAÖÐ[FeC2O4]ºÍCÖÐFeÔªËؾùΪ+2¼Û£¬A¼ÓÈÈ·Ö½âµÃµ½C¡¢ÆøÌåDÓëÆøÌåE£¬ÇÒDÓëÑõÆø·´Ó¦µÃµ½E£¬¿ÉÍÆÖªCΪFeO£¬DΪCO£¬EΪCO2£¬ÓÉ·´Ó¦¢Ý¿ÉÖªHΪFe£»BÊÇÒ»ÖÖ³£¼ûµÄ»¯·Ê£¬¼ÓÈÈ·Ö½âµÃµ½¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼¡¢ÆøÌåFÓëG£¬ÇÒFÄÜÁ¬ÐøÓëÑõÆø·´Ó¦£¬BΪ̼ËáÐγɵÄï§ÑΣ¬1molEÓ뺬1molFµÄË®ÈÜҺǡºÃ·´Ó¦Éú³ÉB£¬BΪNH4HCO3£¬FΪNH3£¬IΪNO£¬JΪNO2£¬GΪH2O£¬KΪHNO3£¬
£¨1£©AÖÐ[FeC2O4]ºÍCÖÐFeÔªËؾùΪ+2¼Û£¬ÔòFeC2O4ÖÐ̼ԪËصĻ¯ºÏ¼ÛΪ+3£¬EµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÎªCO2£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º+3£»CO2£»
£¨2£©·´Ó¦¢ÛµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£º4NH3+5O2 $\frac{\underline{´ß»¯¼Á}}{¡÷}$4NO+6H2O£¬
·´Ó¦¢ÜµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£º3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO£¬
·´Ó¦¢ÝµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£ºFeO+CO$\frac{\underline{\;¸ßÎÂ\;}}{\;}$Fe+CO2£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4NH3+5O2 $\frac{\underline{´ß»¯¼Á}}{¡÷}$4NO+6H2O£»3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO£»FeO+CO$\frac{\underline{\;¸ßÎÂ\;}}{\;}$Fe+CO2£»
£¨3£©ÉÙÁ¿FeÓëHNO3µÄŨÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³ÉÏõËáÌúÓë¶þÑõ»¯µª£¬ÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏ·´Ó¦ÈôÓÐ1mol HNO3±»»¹Ôʱ£¬×ªÒƵĵç×Ó×ÜÊýΪ1mol¡Á£¨6-4£©¡Á6.02¡Á1023mol-1=6.02¡Á1023£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º6.02¡Á1023£»
£¨4£©¹ýÁ¿FeÓëHNO3µÄÏ¡ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ£º3Fe+2NO3-+8H+=3Fe2++2NO¡ü+4H2O£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º3Fe+2NO3-+8H+=3Fe2++2NO¡ü+4H2O£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÎÞ»úÎïÍƶϣ¬²àÖضԻ¯Ñ§ÓÃÓïµÄ¿¼²é£¬ÐèҪѧÉúÊìÁ·ÕÆÎÕÔªËØ»¯ºÏÎï֪ʶ£¬ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
A£® | Na¡¢Al¡¢Fe½ðÊôµ¥ÖÊÔÚÒ»¶¨Ìõ¼þÏÂÓëË®·´Ó¦¶¼Éú³ÉH2ºÍ¶ÔÓ¦µÄ¼î | |
B£® | ½«Ìú·Û¼ÓÈëFeCl3¡¢CuCl2»ìºÏÈÜÒºÖУ¬³ä·Ö·´Ó¦ºóÊ£ÓàµÄ¹ÌÌåÖбØÓÐÍ | |
C£® | ½«SO2ͨÈëCa£¨ClO£©2ÈÜÒº¿ÉÉú³ÉCaSO3³Áµí | |
D£® | ¹ýÁ¿µÄÍÓëŨÏõËá·´Ó¦£¬Éú³ÉµÄÆøÌåÖ»ÓÐNO2 |
A£® | ̼ËáÇâÄÆÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëÑÎËáCO32-+2H+¨TCO2¡ü+H2O | |
B£® | Áò»¯ÑÇÌúÓëÑÎËá·´Ó¦S2-+2H+¨TH2S¡ü | |
C£® | ±½·ÓÄÆÈÜÓÚ´×ËáÈÜÒºC6H5O-+CH3COOH¡úC6H5OH+CH3COO- | |
D£® | ÂÈ»¯ÑÇÌúÈÜÒºÖÐͨÈëÉÙÁ¿ÂÈÆøFe2++Cl2¨TFe3++2Cl- |
£¨1£©¼ÆËã¸ÃÈÜÒºÖи÷ÖÖÀë×ÓµÄŨ¶È£¬²¢ÏàÓ¦µÄÌîÈëÏÂ±í£º
c £¨H+£© | c£¨SO42-£© | c £¨Fe2+¡¢Fe3+£© |
£¨2£©ÔÈÜÒºÖÐFe2+±»Ñõ»¯µÄ°Ù·ÖÂÊ£¨±»Ñõ»¯µÄFe2+ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Õ¼Fe2+ºÍFe3+×ÜÎïÖʵÄÁ¿µÄ°Ù·Ö±È£©20%£®
£¨3£©µ±Fe2+²¿·Ö±»Ñõ»¯Ê±£¬ÍƵ¼c£¨Fe2+¡¢Fe3+£©Óëc£¨H+£©¡¢c£¨SO42-£©µÄ¹ØϵÊÇc£¨SO42-£©-$\frac{1}{2}$c£¨H+£©£¾c£¨Fe2+¡¢Fe3+£©£¾$\frac{2}{3}$c£¨SO42-£©-$\frac{1}{3}$c£¨H+£©£®
A£® | 22.4LCOºÍCO2µÄ»ìºÏÆøÌåÖÐËùº¬µÄ̼Ô×ÓÊýÒ»¶¨ÊÇNA | |
B£® | ³£Î³£Ñ¹Ï£¬22.4LÂÈÆøÓë×ãÁ¿Ã¾·Û³ä·Ö·´Ó¦£¬×ªÒƵĵç×ÓÊýΪ2NA | |
C£® | ³£Î³£Ñ¹Ï£¬32gO2ºÍ32gO3Ëùº¬ÑõÔ×ÓÊý¶¼ÊÇ2NA | |
D£® | 1L1mol/LµÄÑÎËáÈÜÒºÖк¬HClµÄ·Ö×ÓÊýΪNA |
A£® | ÈÜÒºÖеÄÑôÀë×ÓÓÐH+¡¢Mg2+¡¢Al3+¡¢NH4+ | |
B£® | ÈÜÒºÖÐn£¨NH4+£©=0.2 mol | |
C£® | ÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨²»º¬CO32-ºÍNO3-£¬¿ÉÄܺ¬ÓÐSO42- | |
D£® | n£¨H+£©£ºn£¨Al3+£©£ºn£¨Mg2+£©=2£º2£º1 |