ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿°±ÊǺϳÉÏõËá¡¢ï§Ñκ͵ª·ÊµÄ»ù±¾ÔÁÏ£¬µªµÄÑõ»¯ÎïÊÇ´óÆøµÄÎÛȾÎÇëÎÊ£º
(1)°±µÄË®ÈÜÒºÏÔÈõ¼îÐÔ£¬ÆäÔÒòΪ (ÓÃÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ±íʾ)£¬0.1 molL-1µÄ°±Ë®ÖмÓÈëÉÙÁ¿µÄNH4Cl¹ÌÌ壬ÈÜÒºµÄpH (Ìî¡°Ôö´ó¡±»ò¡°¼õС¡±)£»Èô¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿µÄÃ÷·¯£¬ÈÜÒºÖеÄNH4+µÄŨ¶È (Ìî¡°Ôö´ó¡±»ò¡°¼õС¡±)¡£
(2)ÏõËá識ÓÈÈ·Ö½â¿ÉµÃµ½N2OºÍH2O£¬250¡æʱ£¬ÏõËáï§ÔÚÃܱÕÈÝÆ÷Öзֽâ´ïµ½Æ½ºâ£¬¸Ã·Ö½â·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ £¬Æ½ºâ³£Êý±í´ïʽΪ £»ÈôÓÐ1molÏõËáï§ÍêÈ«·Ö½â£¬×ªÒƵĵç×ÓÊýΪ mol¡£
(3)NOxÄÜÐγÉËáÓê,д³öNO2ת»¯ÎªHNO3µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ: ¡£ÔÚÆû³µÎ²ÆøϵͳÖÐ×°Öô߻¯×ª»¯Æ÷£¬¿ÉÓÐЧ½µµÍNOxµÄÅÅ·Å¡£µ±Î²ÆøÖпÕÆø²»×ãʱ£¬NOxÔÚ´ß»¯×ª»¯Æ÷Öб»»¹Ô³ÉN2Åųö¡£Ð´³öNO±»CO»¹ÔµÄ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£º ¡£
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿
(1)NH3¡¤H2ONH4++OH-£»¼õС£»Ôö´ó
(2)NH4NO3N2O¡ü+2H2O¡ü£»K=c(N2O)c(H2O)2£»4
(3)3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO£»2CO+2NON2+2CO2
¡¾½âÎö¡¿
ÊÔÌâ·ÖÎö£º(1)һˮºÏ°±ÎªÈõ¼î£¬ÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚ²¿·ÖµçÀ룬µçÀë³öÇâÑõ¸ùÀë×ÓʹÈÜÒºÏÔ¼îÐÔ£¬·½³ÌʽΪ£ºNH3H2ONH4++OH-£¬Ïò°±Ë®ÖмÓÈëÉÙÁ¿NH4Cl¹ÌÌ壬笠ùŨ¶ÈÔö´ó£¬Æ½ºâ×óÒÆ£¬¼´ÇâÑõ¸ùŨ¶È¼õС£¬pHÖµ½µµÍ£¬¼ÓÈëÉÙÁ¿Ã÷·¯£¬Ã÷·¯µçÀë³öµÄÂÁÀë×Ó½áºÏÇâÑõ¸ùÉú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁ£¬´Ù½ø°±Ë®µÄµçÀ룬笠ùŨ¶ÈÔö´ó£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºNH3H2ONH4++OH-£»¼õС£»Ôö´ó£»
(2)ÏõËá立ֽâÉú³ÉN2OºÍH2O£¬´ïµ½Æ½ºâ£¬ËµÃ÷Ϊ¿ÉÄæ·´Ó¦£¬»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ£ºNH4NO3N2O+2H2O£¬250¡æʱ£¬Ë®ÎªÆøÌå״̬£¬¹Êƽºâ³£ÊýK=c(N2O)¡Ác2(H2O)£¬NH4NO3ÖÐNH4+µÄNÔªËØ»¯ºÏ¼ÛΪ-3¼Û£¬NO3-ÖеÄNÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼ÛΪ+5¼Û£¬·´Ó¦ºóNÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼ÛΪ+1¼Û£¬·¢Éú¹éÖз´Ó¦£¬NÔªËØÓÉ-3¼ÛÉý¸ßΪ+1¼Û£¬´Ë·´Ó¦ÖÐÿ·Ö½â1molÏõËá泥¬×ªÒƵç×ÓÊýΪ4mol£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºNH4NO3N2O+2H2O£»K=c(N2O)¡Ác2(H2O)£»4£»
(3)NO2ÓëË®·´Ó¦Éú³ÉHNO3µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO£»ÔÚ´ß»¯¼ÁÌõ¼þÏ£¬Ò»Ñõ»¯Ì¼±»Ñõ»¯Éú³É¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼£¬Ò»Ñõ»¯µª±»»¹ÔÉú³ÉµªÆø£¬ËùÒÔÆä·´Ó¦·½³ÌʽΪ£º2NO+2CO2CO2+N2£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO£»2NO+2CO2CO2+N2¡£
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿£¨1£©ÊµÑéÊÒÐèÒª450 mL 0.02 mol/LËáÐÔKMnO4±ê×¼ÈÜÒº£¬ÏÖÓÐÒÇÆ÷£º
¢Ù ÍÐÅÌÌìƽ ¢Ú ²£Á§°ô ¢Û Ò©³× ¢Ü 200mLÉÕ± ¢Ý Á¿Í²£¬»¹ÐèÒª ²£Á§ÒÇÆ÷²ÅÄÜÍê³ÉÅäÖÆ£¬Ðè³ÆÁ¿KMnO4¹ÌÌå g¡£
£¨2£©ÏÂÁвÙ×÷»áʹÅäÖƵÄKMnO4ÈÜҺŨ¶ÈÆ«´óµÄÊÇ £¨Ìîд±àºÅ£¬¼ÙÉèÆäËû²Ù×÷¾ùÕýÈ·£©¡£
A£®Ã»ÓÐÀäÈ´ÖÁÊÒξÍתÒÆÒºÌåµ½ÈÝÁ¿Æ¿²¢Íê³É¶¨ÈÝ |
B£®Ê¹ÓÃÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ÅäÖÆÈÜÒº£¬¶¨ÈÝʱ£¬¸©Êӿ̶ÈÏß |
C£®Ã»ÓÐÓÃÕôÁóˮϴµÓÉÕ±2-3´Î£¬²¢½«ÈÜÒºÒÆÈëÈÝÁ¿Æ¿ÖÐ |
D£®ÈÝÁ¿Æ¿¸ÕÓÃÕôÁóˮϴ¾»£¬Ã»Óкæ¸É¾ÍÓÃÀ´ÅäÖÆÈÜÒº |
E£®¶¨ÈÝʱ£¬µÎ¼ÓÕôÁóË®£¬²»É÷ÒºÃæÂÔ¸ßÓڿ̶ÈÏߣ¬Îü³öÉÙÁ¿Ë®Ê¹°¼ÒºÃæ×îµÍµãÓë¿Ì¶ÈÏßÏàÇÐ
£¨3£©ÅäƽÏÂÃæµÄ·½³Ìʽ£¨½«ÓйصĻ¯Ñ§¼ÆÁ¿ÊýÌîÈë´ðÌ⿨µÄºáÏßÉÏ£©£º
¡õKMnO4+¡õH2C2O4+¡õH2SO4¡ª¡ª¡õMnSO4+¡õK2SO4+¡õH2O+¡õCO2¡ü
£¨4£©ÈËÌåѪҺÀïCa2+µÄŨ¶ÈÒ»°ãÒÔmg/cm3Ϊµ¥Î»¡£Îª²â¶¨ÑªÒºÑùÆ·ÖÐCa2+µÄŨ¶È£¬³éȡѪÑù20.00 mL£¬¼ÓÊÊÁ¿µÄ²ÝËáï§[£¨NH4£©2C2O4]ÈÜÒº£¬¿ÉÎö³ö²ÝËá¸Æ£¨CaC2O4£©³Áµí£¬½«³ÁµíÏ´µÓºóÈÜÓÚÇ¿Ëá¿ÉµÃ²ÝËᣨH2C2O4£©£¬ÔÙÓÃÉÏÊö±ê×¼0.02 mol/L ËáÐÔKMnO4ÈÜÒºµÎ¶¨£¬Ê¹²ÝËáת»¯³ÉCO2Òݳö£¬Õâʱ¹²ÏûºÄ13.00 mLËáÐÔ KMnO4ÈÜÒº£¬Çë¼ÆËãѪҺÑùÆ·ÖÐCa2+µÄŨ¶ÈΪ_________mg/cm3£¨±£Áôµ½Ð¡ÊýµãºóÁ½Î»£©¡£