ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
£¨2009?½ËÕ£©A£®ÉúÎïÖÊÄÜÊÇÒ»Öֽྻ¡¢¿ÉÔÙÉúµÄÄÜÔ´£®ÉúÎïÖÊÆø£¨Ö÷Òª³É·ÖΪCO¡¢CO2¡¢H2µÈ£©ÓëH2»ìºÏ£¬´ß»¯ºÏ³É¼×´¼ÊÇÉúÎïÖÊÄÜÀûÓõķ½·¨Ö®Ò»£®
£¨1£©ÉÏÊö·´Ó¦µÄ´ß»¯¼Áº¬ÓÐCu¡¢Zn¡¢AlµÈÔªËØ£®Ð´³ö»ù̬ZnÔ×ӵĺËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝµÈµç×ÓÔÀí£¬Ð´³öCO·Ö×ӽṹʽ
£¨3£©¼×´¼´ß»¯Ñõ»¯¿ÉµÃµ½¼×È©£¬¼×È©ÓëÐÂÖÆCu£¨OH£©2µÄ¼îÐÔÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³ÉCu2O³Áµí£®
¢Ù¼×´¼µÄ·Ðµã±È¼×È©µÄ¸ß£¬ÆäÖ÷ÒªÔÒòÊÇ
¢Ú¼×È©·Ö×ӵĿռ乹ÐÍÊÇ
¢ÛÔÚ1¸öCu2O¾§°ûÖУ¨½á¹¹ÈçͼËùʾ£©£¬Ëù°üº¬µÄCuÔ×ÓÊýĿΪ
£¨1£©ÉÏÊö·´Ó¦µÄ´ß»¯¼Áº¬ÓÐCu¡¢Zn¡¢AlµÈÔªËØ£®Ð´³ö»ù̬ZnÔ×ӵĺËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2»ò[Ar]3d104s2
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2»ò[Ar]3d104s2
£®£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝµÈµç×ÓÔÀí£¬Ð´³öCO·Ö×ӽṹʽ
C¡ÔO
C¡ÔO
£®£¨3£©¼×´¼´ß»¯Ñõ»¯¿ÉµÃµ½¼×È©£¬¼×È©ÓëÐÂÖÆCu£¨OH£©2µÄ¼îÐÔÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³ÉCu2O³Áµí£®
¢Ù¼×´¼µÄ·Ðµã±È¼×È©µÄ¸ß£¬ÆäÖ÷ÒªÔÒòÊÇ
¼×´¼·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü
¼×´¼·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü
£»¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖÐ̼Ô×Ó¹ìµÀµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍΪsp2ÔÓ»¯
sp2ÔÓ»¯
£®¢Ú¼×È©·Ö×ӵĿռ乹ÐÍÊÇ
ƽÃæÈý½ÇÐÎ
ƽÃæÈý½ÇÐÎ
£»1mol¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖЦҼüµÄÊýĿΪ3NA
3NA
£®¢ÛÔÚ1¸öCu2O¾§°ûÖУ¨½á¹¹ÈçͼËùʾ£©£¬Ëù°üº¬µÄCuÔ×ÓÊýĿΪ
4
4
£®·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¸ù¾ÝпµÄÔ×ÓÐòÊýºÍ¹¹ÔìÔÀíÀ´Êéд»ù̬ZnÔ×ӵĺËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝµÈµç×ÓÔÀíÀ´ÊéдCOµÄ½á¹¹Ê½£»
£¨3£©¢ÙÀûÓÃÇâ¼üÀ´½âÊÍÎïÖʵķе㣬ÀûÓü×È©ÖеijɼüÀ´·ÖÎö̼Ô×ÓµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍ£»
¢ÚÀûÓÃÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍÀ´·ÖÎö¿Õ¼ä½á¹¹£¬²¢ÀûÓÃÅжϦҼüµÄ¹æÂÉÀ´·ÖÎö¦Ò¼üÊýÄ¿£»
¢ÛÀûÓþ§°û½á¹¹Í¼£¬¸ù¾ÝÍÔ×ÓµÄλÖÃÀ´·ÖÎöÆäÊýÄ¿£®
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝµÈµç×ÓÔÀíÀ´ÊéдCOµÄ½á¹¹Ê½£»
£¨3£©¢ÙÀûÓÃÇâ¼üÀ´½âÊÍÎïÖʵķе㣬ÀûÓü×È©ÖеijɼüÀ´·ÖÎö̼Ô×ÓµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍ£»
¢ÚÀûÓÃÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍÀ´·ÖÎö¿Õ¼ä½á¹¹£¬²¢ÀûÓÃÅжϦҼüµÄ¹æÂÉÀ´·ÖÎö¦Ò¼üÊýÄ¿£»
¢ÛÀûÓþ§°û½á¹¹Í¼£¬¸ù¾ÝÍÔ×ÓµÄλÖÃÀ´·ÖÎöÆäÊýÄ¿£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©ÒòZnµÄÔ×ÓÐòÊýΪ30£¬3dµç×ÓÅÅÂú£¬3d¹ìµÀдÔÚ4s¹ìµÀµÄÇ°Ã棬Æäµç×ÓÅŲ¼Îª1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2»ò[Ar]3d104s2£»¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2»ò[Ar]3d104s2£»
£¨2£©ÒÀ¾ÝµÈµç×ÓÔÀí£¬¿ÉÖªCOÓëN2ΪµÈµç×ÓÌ壬N2·Ö×ӵĽṹʽΪN¡ÔN£¬»¥ÎªµÈµç×ÓÌå·Ö×ӵĽṹÏàËÆ£¬ÔòCOµÄ½á¹¹Ê½ÎªC¡ÔO£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºC¡ÔO£»
£¨3£©¢Ù¼×´¼·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÁË·Ö×Ó¼äÇâ¼ü£¬¼×È©·Ö×Ó¼äÖ»ÊÇ·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦£¬¶øûÓÐÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬¹Ê¼×´¼µÄ·Ðµã¸ß£»¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐ̼ÑõË«¼ü£¬¹²ÓÐ3¸ö¦Ò¼ü£¬Ôò̼Ô×Ó¹ìµÀµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍΪsp2ÔÓ»¯£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¼×´¼·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£»sp2ÔÓ»¯£»
¢ÚÒò¼×È©ÖÐ̼Ô×Ó²ÉÈ¡sp2ÔÓ»¯£¬Ôò·Ö×ӵĿռ乹ÐÍΪƽÃæÈý½ÇÐΣ»1mol¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐ2mol̼Çâ¦Ò¼ü£¬1mol̼Ñõ¦Ò¼ü£¬¹Êº¬ÓЦҼüµÄÊýĿΪ3NA£»¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÆ½ÃæÈý½ÇÐΣ»3NA£»
¢ÛÒÀ¾Ý¾§°ûʾÒâͼ¿ÉÒÔ¿´³öCuÔ×Ó´¦ÓÚ¾§°ûÄÚ²¿£¬Îª¾§°ûËù¶ÀÓУ¬Ëù°üº¬µÄCuÔ×ÓÊýĿΪ4£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4£®
£¨2£©ÒÀ¾ÝµÈµç×ÓÔÀí£¬¿ÉÖªCOÓëN2ΪµÈµç×ÓÌ壬N2·Ö×ӵĽṹʽΪN¡ÔN£¬»¥ÎªµÈµç×ÓÌå·Ö×ӵĽṹÏàËÆ£¬ÔòCOµÄ½á¹¹Ê½ÎªC¡ÔO£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºC¡ÔO£»
£¨3£©¢Ù¼×´¼·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÁË·Ö×Ó¼äÇâ¼ü£¬¼×È©·Ö×Ó¼äÖ»ÊÇ·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦£¬¶øûÓÐÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬¹Ê¼×´¼µÄ·Ðµã¸ß£»¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐ̼ÑõË«¼ü£¬¹²ÓÐ3¸ö¦Ò¼ü£¬Ôò̼Ô×Ó¹ìµÀµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍΪsp2ÔÓ»¯£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¼×´¼·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£»sp2ÔÓ»¯£»
¢ÚÒò¼×È©ÖÐ̼Ô×Ó²ÉÈ¡sp2ÔÓ»¯£¬Ôò·Ö×ӵĿռ乹ÐÍΪƽÃæÈý½ÇÐΣ»1mol¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐ2mol̼Çâ¦Ò¼ü£¬1mol̼Ñõ¦Ò¼ü£¬¹Êº¬ÓЦҼüµÄÊýĿΪ3NA£»¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÆ½ÃæÈý½ÇÐΣ»3NA£»
¢ÛÒÀ¾Ý¾§°ûʾÒâͼ¿ÉÒÔ¿´³öCuÔ×Ó´¦ÓÚ¾§°ûÄÚ²¿£¬Îª¾§°ûËù¶ÀÓУ¬Ëù°üº¬µÄCuÔ×ÓÊýĿΪ4£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾ÌâÖ÷Òª¿¼²éºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½¡¢µÈµç×ÓÌåÔÀí¡¢·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦¡¢ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀ¡¢¹²¼Û¼üÀàÐÍ¡¢·Ö×ÓµÄƽÃæ¹¹ÐÍ£¬×¢ÖØÁ˶ÔÎïÖʽṹÖг£¿¼¿¼µãµÄ×ۺϣ¬Ñ§ÉúÒ×´íµãÔÚµç×ÓÅŲ¼ÖÐ3dÓë4sµÄÊéдÉϼ°ÔÓ»¯ÀàÐ͵ÄÅжÏÉÏ£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿