ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
£¨2013?ÑĮ̀ģÄ⣩¡¾»¯Ñ§ÎïÖʽṹÓëÐÔÖÊ¡¿
¿ª·¢ÐÂÐÍ´¢Çâ²ÄÁÏÊÇÇâÄÜÀûÓõÄÖØÒªÑо¿·½Ïò£®
£¨1£©Ti£¨BH4£©3ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ´¢Çâ²ÄÁÏ£¬¿ÉÓÉTiCl4ºÍLiBH4·´Ó¦ÖƵã®
¢Ù»ù̬Ti3+µÄδ³É¶Ôµç×ÓÓÐ
¢ÚLiBH4ÓÉLi+ºÍBH-4¹¹³É£¬BH-4³ÊËÄÃæÌå¹¹ÐÍ£®LiBH4Öв»´æÔÚµÄ×÷ÓÃÁ¦ÓÐ
a£®Àë×Ó¼ü b£®¹²¼Û¼ü¡æ£®½ðÊô¼ü d£®Åäλ¼ü£®
¢ÛLi¡¢B¡¢HÔªËصĵ縺ÐÔÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡ÅÅÁÐ˳ÐòΪ
£¨2£©ÙÝÊôÇ⻯ÎïÊǾßÓÐÁ¼ºÃ·¢Õ¹Ç°¾°µÄ´¢Çâ²ÄÁÏ£®
¢ÙLiHÖУ¬Àë×Ӱ뾶Li+
¢Úij´¢Çâ²ÄÁÏÊǶÌÖÜÆÚ½ðÊôÔªËØMµÄÇ⻯ÎMµÄ²¿·ÖµçÀëÄÜÈç±íËùʾ£º
MÊÇ
£¨3£©½ðÊôÄøÓëï磨La£©ÐγɵĺϽðÊÇÒ»ÖÖÁ¼ºÃµÄ´¢Çâ²ÄÁÏ£¬Æ侧°û½á¹¹Ê¾ÒâͼÈçͼËùʾ£®¸ÃºÏ½ðµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½Îª
¿ª·¢ÐÂÐÍ´¢Çâ²ÄÁÏÊÇÇâÄÜÀûÓõÄÖØÒªÑо¿·½Ïò£®
£¨1£©Ti£¨BH4£©3ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ´¢Çâ²ÄÁÏ£¬¿ÉÓÉTiCl4ºÍLiBH4·´Ó¦ÖƵã®
¢Ù»ù̬Ti3+µÄδ³É¶Ôµç×ÓÓÐ
1
1
¸ö£®¢ÚLiBH4ÓÉLi+ºÍBH-4¹¹³É£¬BH-4³ÊËÄÃæÌå¹¹ÐÍ£®LiBH4Öв»´æÔÚµÄ×÷ÓÃÁ¦ÓÐ
c
c
£¨Ìî±êºÅ£©a£®Àë×Ó¼ü b£®¹²¼Û¼ü¡æ£®½ðÊô¼ü d£®Åäλ¼ü£®
¢ÛLi¡¢B¡¢HÔªËصĵ縺ÐÔÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡ÅÅÁÐ˳ÐòΪ
H£¾B£¾Li
H£¾B£¾Li
£®£¨2£©ÙÝÊôÇ⻯ÎïÊǾßÓÐÁ¼ºÃ·¢Õ¹Ç°¾°µÄ´¢Çâ²ÄÁÏ£®
¢ÙLiHÖУ¬Àë×Ӱ뾶Li+
£¼
£¼
H-£¨Ìî¡°£¾¡±¡¢¡°=¡±»ò¡°£¼¡±£©£®¢Úij´¢Çâ²ÄÁÏÊǶÌÖÜÆÚ½ðÊôÔªËØMµÄÇ⻯ÎMµÄ²¿·ÖµçÀëÄÜÈç±íËùʾ£º
I1/kJ?mol-1 | I2/kJ?mol-1 |
I3/kJ?mol-1 |
I4/kJ?mol-1 |
I5/kJ?mol-1 |
738 | 1451 | 7733 | 10540 | 13630 |
Mg
Mg
£¨ÌîÔªËØ·ûºÅ£©£®£¨3£©½ðÊôÄøÓëï磨La£©ÐγɵĺϽðÊÇÒ»ÖÖÁ¼ºÃµÄ´¢Çâ²ÄÁÏ£¬Æ侧°û½á¹¹Ê¾ÒâͼÈçͼËùʾ£®¸ÃºÏ½ðµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½Îª
LaNi5
LaNi5
£®·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¢Ù¸ù¾Ý»ù̬Ti3+µÄºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½È·¶¨Æäδ³É¶Ôµç×ÓÊý£»
¢ÚÒõÑôÀë×ÓÖ®¼ä´æÔÚÀë×Ó¼ü£¬·Ç½ðÊôÔªËØÖ®¼ä´æÔÚ¹²¼Û¼ü£¬º¬Óйµç×Ó¶ÔµÄÔ×Ӻͺ¬ÓпչìµÀµÄÔ×ÓÖ®¼ä´æÔÚÅäλ¼ü£»
¢Û·Ç½ðÊôµÄ·Ç½ðÊôÐÔԽǿÆäµç¸ºÐÔÔ½´ó£»
£¨2£©¢Ùµç×Ó²ã½á¹¹ÏàͬµÄÀë×Ó£¬ÆäÀë×Ӱ뾶Ëæ×ÅÔ×ÓÐòÊýµÄÔö´ó¶ø¼õС£»
¢Ú¸ÃÔªËصĵÚIIIµçÀëÄܾçÔö£¬Ôò¸ÃÔªËØÊôÓÚµÚIIA×壻
£¨3£©ÀûÓþù̯·¨È·¶¨Æ仯ѧʽ£®
¢ÚÒõÑôÀë×ÓÖ®¼ä´æÔÚÀë×Ó¼ü£¬·Ç½ðÊôÔªËØÖ®¼ä´æÔÚ¹²¼Û¼ü£¬º¬Óйµç×Ó¶ÔµÄÔ×Ӻͺ¬ÓпչìµÀµÄÔ×ÓÖ®¼ä´æÔÚÅäλ¼ü£»
¢Û·Ç½ðÊôµÄ·Ç½ðÊôÐÔԽǿÆäµç¸ºÐÔÔ½´ó£»
£¨2£©¢Ùµç×Ó²ã½á¹¹ÏàͬµÄÀë×Ó£¬ÆäÀë×Ӱ뾶Ëæ×ÅÔ×ÓÐòÊýµÄÔö´ó¶ø¼õС£»
¢Ú¸ÃÔªËصĵÚIIIµçÀëÄܾçÔö£¬Ôò¸ÃÔªËØÊôÓÚµÚIIA×壻
£¨3£©ÀûÓþù̯·¨È·¶¨Æ仯ѧʽ£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©¢Ù»ù̬Ti3+µÄºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½Îª1s22s22p63s23p63d1£¬Æäδ³É¶Ôµç×ÓÊýÊÇ1£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º1£»
¢ÚLi+ºÍBH-4Ö®¼ä´æÔÚÀë×Ó¼ü£¬ÅðÔ×ÓºÍÇâÔ×ÓÖ®¼ä´æÔÚ¹²¼Û¼ü¡¢Åäλ¼ü£¬ËùÒԸû¯ºÏÎïÖв»º¬½ðÊô¼ü£¬¹ÊÑ¡c£»
¢Û·Ç½ðÊôµÄ·Ç½ðÊôÐÔԽǿÆäµç¸ºÐÔÔ½´ó£¬·Ç½ðÊôÐÔ×îÇ¿µÄÊÇHÔªËØ£¬Æä´ÎÊÇBÔªËØ£¬×îСµÄÊÇLiÔªËØ£¬ËùÒÔLi¡¢B¡¢HÔªËصĵ縺ÐÔÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡ÅÅÁÐ˳ÐòΪH£¾B£¾Li£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºH£¾B£¾Li£»
£¨2£©¢ÙLi+ºÍH-µÄµç×Ó²ã½á¹¹Ïàͬ£¬ï®ÔªËصÄÔ×ÓÐòÊý´óÓÚÇâÔªËØ£¬ËùÒÔÀë×Ӱ뾶Li+£¼H-£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¼£»
¢Ú¸ÃÔªËصĵÚIIIµçÀëÄܾçÔö£¬Ôò¸ÃÔªËØÊôÓÚµÚIIA×壬ΪMgÔªËØ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºMg£»
£¨3£©LaµÄÔ×Ó¸öÊý=
¡Á8=1£¬NiµÄÔ×Ó¸öÊý=8¡Á
+1=5£¬ËùÒԸúϽðµÄ»¯Ñ§Ê½ÎªLaNi5£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºLaNi5£®
¢ÚLi+ºÍBH-4Ö®¼ä´æÔÚÀë×Ó¼ü£¬ÅðÔ×ÓºÍÇâÔ×ÓÖ®¼ä´æÔÚ¹²¼Û¼ü¡¢Åäλ¼ü£¬ËùÒԸû¯ºÏÎïÖв»º¬½ðÊô¼ü£¬¹ÊÑ¡c£»
¢Û·Ç½ðÊôµÄ·Ç½ðÊôÐÔԽǿÆäµç¸ºÐÔÔ½´ó£¬·Ç½ðÊôÐÔ×îÇ¿µÄÊÇHÔªËØ£¬Æä´ÎÊÇBÔªËØ£¬×îСµÄÊÇLiÔªËØ£¬ËùÒÔLi¡¢B¡¢HÔªËصĵ縺ÐÔÓÉ´óµ½Ð¡ÅÅÁÐ˳ÐòΪH£¾B£¾Li£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºH£¾B£¾Li£»
£¨2£©¢ÙLi+ºÍH-µÄµç×Ó²ã½á¹¹Ïàͬ£¬ï®ÔªËصÄÔ×ÓÐòÊý´óÓÚÇâÔªËØ£¬ËùÒÔÀë×Ӱ뾶Li+£¼H-£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º£¼£»
¢Ú¸ÃÔªËصĵÚIIIµçÀëÄܾçÔö£¬Ôò¸ÃÔªËØÊôÓÚµÚIIA×壬ΪMgÔªËØ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºMg£»
£¨3£©LaµÄÔ×Ó¸öÊý=
1 |
8 |
1 |
2 |
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éÎïÖʽṹºÍÐÔÖÊ£¬»á¸ù¾Ý¹¹ÔìÔÀíÊéдÔ×Ó»òÀë×ÓºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½£¬ÎªÒ×´íµã£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿