题目内容
(2010?江苏一模)盐酸利多卡因(F)葡萄糖注射液抗心律失常,可用于急性心肌梗死后室性早搏和室性心动过速.合成路线如下:
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/51/05c72850.png)
(1)B在核磁共振氢谱上有
(2)C的结构简式为![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/53/9685a043.png)
;
(3)B的同分异构体种类很多,符合以下条件的B的同分异构体共有
①属于苯的衍生物,苯环上共有二个取代基;
②与碳酸钠溶液反应可放出CO2气体,并且有-NH2基团.
(4)写出
与足量的NaOH溶液共热充分反应的化学方程式:![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/53/46c90818.png)
.°
(5)现仅以有机物CH3CH=CHCH3为原料,无机试剂任选,用反应流程图表示合成有机物CH3COOCH2CH=CHCH2OOCCH3的过程![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/53/742f3dae.png)
.
提示:①![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/51/eedeb633.png)
②由乙醇合成聚乙烯的反应流程图可表示为:
CH3CH2OH
CH2=CH2
+CH2-CH2[]n.
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/51/05c72850.png)
(1)B在核磁共振氢谱上有
3
3
种特征峰,C→D的反应类型是取代反应
取代反应
.(2)C的结构简式为
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/53/9685a043.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/53/9685a043.png)
(3)B的同分异构体种类很多,符合以下条件的B的同分异构体共有
6
6
种.①属于苯的衍生物,苯环上共有二个取代基;
②与碳酸钠溶液反应可放出CO2气体,并且有-NH2基团.
(4)写出
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/51/9b387f79.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/53/46c90818.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/53/46c90818.png)
(5)现仅以有机物CH3CH=CHCH3为原料,无机试剂任选,用反应流程图表示合成有机物CH3COOCH2CH=CHCH2OOCCH3的过程
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/53/742f3dae.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/53/742f3dae.png)
提示:①
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/51/eedeb633.png)
②由乙醇合成聚乙烯的反应流程图可表示为:
CH3CH2OH
浓硫酸 |
170° |
高温高压 |
催化剂 |
分析:由B可知A应为
,与浓硝酸在浓硫酸的作用下发生硝化反应生成B,B发生还原反应生成C,C为
;以有机物CH3CH=CHCH3为原料,合成有机物CH3COOCH2CH=CHCH2OOCCH3,应首先制备CH3COOH和HOCH2CH=CHCH2OH,结合有机物的结构和性质解答该题,答题时注意把握题中转化关系判断反应特点.
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201303/100/6fcb47b9.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201303/100/ff4e85d1.png)
解答:解:由B可知A应为
,与浓硝酸在浓硫酸的作用下发生硝化反应生成B,B发生还原反应生成C,C为
;以有机物CH3CH=CHCH3为原料,合成有机物CH3COOCH2CH=CHCH2OOCCH3,应首先制备CH3COOH和HOCH2CH=CHCH2OH,
(1)B结构对称,含有3种不同的H,对比C→D的结构简式,C为
,生成D,变化的是-NH2→
,应为取代反应,
故答案为:3;取代反应;
(2)由以上分析可知C为
,故答案为:
;
(3)B为
,对应的同分异构体中:①属于苯的衍生物,苯环上共有二个取代基;②与碳酸钠溶液反应可放出CO2气体,并且有-NH2基团,说明分子中含有-COOH,可为-CH2COOH和-NH2,或-COOH和-CH2-NH2两类,各有邻、间、对三种同分异构体,共6种,
故答案为:6;
(4)
与足量的NaOH溶液共热,可生成HOCH2COONa和NaCl反应的方程式为
,
故答案为:
;
(5)以有机物CH3CH=CHCH3为原料,合成有机物CH3COOCH2CH=CHCH2OOCCH3,应首先制备CH3COOH和HOCH2CH=CHCH2OH,
CH3COOH可由氧化CH3CH=CHCH3生成;HOCH2CH=CHCH2OH可由CH3CH=CHCH3与溴发生加成反应生成CH3CHBr-CHBrCH3,CH3CHBr-CHBrCH3发生消去反应生成CH2=CH-CH=CH2,CH2=CH-CH=CH2与溴发生1,4加成生成CH2BrCH=CHCH2Br,CH2BrCH=CHCH2Br水解可生成HOCH2CH=CHCH2OH,
则反应流程为
,
故答案为:
.
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201303/100/6fcb47b9.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201303/100/ff4e85d1.png)
(1)B结构对称,含有3种不同的H,对比C→D的结构简式,C为
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201303/100/ff4e85d1.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201303/100/6b0b9e47.png)
故答案为:3;取代反应;
(2)由以上分析可知C为
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/53/9685a043.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/53/9685a043.png)
(3)B为
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201303/100/1704f207.png)
故答案为:6;
(4)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201206/13/3418223d.png)
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201303/100/8ad59510.png)
故答案为:
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/53/46c90818.png)
(5)以有机物CH3CH=CHCH3为原料,合成有机物CH3COOCH2CH=CHCH2OOCCH3,应首先制备CH3COOH和HOCH2CH=CHCH2OH,
CH3COOH可由氧化CH3CH=CHCH3生成;HOCH2CH=CHCH2OH可由CH3CH=CHCH3与溴发生加成反应生成CH3CHBr-CHBrCH3,CH3CHBr-CHBrCH3发生消去反应生成CH2=CH-CH=CH2,CH2=CH-CH=CH2与溴发生1,4加成生成CH2BrCH=CHCH2Br,CH2BrCH=CHCH2Br水解可生成HOCH2CH=CHCH2OH,
则反应流程为
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201303/100/d6d66807.png)
故答案为:
![](http://thumb.1010pic.com/pic3/upload/images/201306/53/742f3dae.png)
点评:本题考查有机物的合成,题目难度中等,本题涉及有机物的结构不是太复杂,答题中关键是要把握有机物的官能团的结构和性质,结合反应的转化特点进行判断.
![](http://thumb2018.1010pic.com/images/loading.gif)
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