ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
½«Ò»¶¨ÖÊÁ¿µÄþºÍÂÁµÄ»ìºÏÎïͶÈë100mLÑÎËáÖУ¬¹ÌÌåÈ«²¿Èܽâºó£¬ÏòËùµÃÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëNaOHÈÜÒº£¬Éú³É³ÁµíµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Óë¼ÓÈëNaOHÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ý¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ£®Èô²»¿¼ÂǽðÊôºÍÑÎËᷴӦʱHClµÄ»Ó·¢£¬ÔòÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
·ÖÎö£º´ÓͼÏóÖп´µ½£¬´Ó¿ªÊ¼ÖÁ¼ÓÈëNaOHÈÜÒº20mL£¬Ã»ÓгÁµíÉú³É£¬ËµÃ÷ÔÈÜÒºÖÐÑÎËáÈܽâMg¡¢AlºóÓÐÊ£Ó࣬´Ëʱ·¢ÉúµÄ·´Ó¦Îª£ºHCl+NaOH=NaCl+H2O£®µ±V£¨NaOHÈÜÒº£©=200mLʱ£¬³ÁµíÁ¿×î´ó£¬´ËʱΪMg£¨OH£©2ºÍAl£¨OH£©3£»
µ±V£¨NaOHÈÜÒº£©=240mLʱ£¬³Áµí²»ÔÙ¼õÉÙ£¬´Ëʱȫ²¿ÎªMg£¨OH£©2£®
´Ó200mLµ½240mL£¬NaOHÈܽâAl£¨OH£©3£ºNaOH+Al£¨OH£©3=NaAlO2+2H2O£¬
¸ù¾Ý¸÷½×¶Î¸÷ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿½øÐмÆËãºÍÅжϣ®
µ±V£¨NaOHÈÜÒº£©=240mLʱ£¬³Áµí²»ÔÙ¼õÉÙ£¬´Ëʱȫ²¿ÎªMg£¨OH£©2£®
´Ó200mLµ½240mL£¬NaOHÈܽâAl£¨OH£©3£ºNaOH+Al£¨OH£©3=NaAlO2+2H2O£¬
¸ù¾Ý¸÷½×¶Î¸÷ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿½øÐмÆËãºÍÅжϣ®
½â´ð£º½â£º´ÓͼÏóÖп´µ½£¬´Ó¿ªÊ¼ÖÁ¼ÓÈëNaOHÈÜÒº20mL£¬Ã»ÓгÁµíÉú³É£¬ËµÃ÷ÔÈÜÒºÖÐÑÎËáÈܽâMg¡¢AlºóÓÐÊ£Ó࣬´Ëʱ·¢ÉúµÄ·´Ó¦Îª£ºHCl+NaOH=NaCl+H2O£®µ±V£¨NaOHÈÜÒº£©=200mLʱ£¬³ÁµíÁ¿×î´ó£¬´ËʱΪMg£¨OH£©2ºÍAl£¨OH£©3£»
A£®µ±V£¨NaOHÈÜÒº£©=240mLʱ£¬³Áµí²»ÔÙ¼õÉÙ£¬´Ëʱȫ²¿ÎªMg£¨OH£©2£®¹Ên£¨Mg£©=n[Mg£¨OH£©2]=0.15mol£¬
m£¨Mg£©=0.15mol¡Á24g?mol-1=3.6g£¬
n£¨Al£©=n[Al£¨OH£©3]=0.35mol-0.15mol=0.2mol£¬
m£¨Al£©=0.2mol¡Á27g?mol-1=5.4g£¬ËùÒÔþºÍÂÁµÄ×ÜÖÊÁ¿Îª9g£¬¹ÊAÕýÈ·£®
B£®¸ù¾ÝþºÍÂÁµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿¿ÉÖª·´Ó¦Éú³ÉMgCl2ºÍAlCl3ÐèÒªÑÎË᣺0.15mol¡Á2+0.2mol¡Á3=0.9mol£¬¶ø´ËʱÑÎËá¹ýÁ¿£¬ÔòÑÎËáµÄŨ¶Èc£¨HCl£©£¾
=9mol/L£¬¹ÊB´íÎó£»
C£®´Ó200mLµ½240mL£¬NaOHÈܽâAl£¨OH£©3£ºNaOH+Al£¨OH£©3=NaAlO2+2H2O£¬Ôò´Ë¹ý³ÌÏûºÄn£¨NaOH£©=n[Al£¨OH£©3]=0.2mol£¬¹Êc£¨NaOH£©=0.2 mol0.04 L=5mol?L-1£¬¹ÊCÕýÈ·£®
D£®ÔÙÓÉMg+2HCl=MgCl2+H2¡ü£¬2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2¡ü¿ÉÒÔ¼ÆËã³öÉú³Én£¨H2£©=0.45mol£¬±ê×¼×´¿öÏÂV£¨H2£©=0.45mol¡Á22.4L?mol-1=10.08L£¬¹ÊD´íÎó£®
¹ÊÑ¡AC£®
A£®µ±V£¨NaOHÈÜÒº£©=240mLʱ£¬³Áµí²»ÔÙ¼õÉÙ£¬´Ëʱȫ²¿ÎªMg£¨OH£©2£®¹Ên£¨Mg£©=n[Mg£¨OH£©2]=0.15mol£¬
m£¨Mg£©=0.15mol¡Á24g?mol-1=3.6g£¬
n£¨Al£©=n[Al£¨OH£©3]=0.35mol-0.15mol=0.2mol£¬
m£¨Al£©=0.2mol¡Á27g?mol-1=5.4g£¬ËùÒÔþºÍÂÁµÄ×ÜÖÊÁ¿Îª9g£¬¹ÊAÕýÈ·£®
B£®¸ù¾ÝþºÍÂÁµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿¿ÉÖª·´Ó¦Éú³ÉMgCl2ºÍAlCl3ÐèÒªÑÎË᣺0.15mol¡Á2+0.2mol¡Á3=0.9mol£¬¶ø´ËʱÑÎËá¹ýÁ¿£¬ÔòÑÎËáµÄŨ¶Èc£¨HCl£©£¾
0.9mol |
0.1L |
C£®´Ó200mLµ½240mL£¬NaOHÈܽâAl£¨OH£©3£ºNaOH+Al£¨OH£©3=NaAlO2+2H2O£¬Ôò´Ë¹ý³ÌÏûºÄn£¨NaOH£©=n[Al£¨OH£©3]=0.2mol£¬¹Êc£¨NaOH£©=0.2 mol0.04 L=5mol?L-1£¬¹ÊCÕýÈ·£®
D£®ÔÙÓÉMg+2HCl=MgCl2+H2¡ü£¬2Al+6HCl=2AlCl3+3H2¡ü¿ÉÒÔ¼ÆËã³öÉú³Én£¨H2£©=0.45mol£¬±ê×¼×´¿öÏÂV£¨H2£©=0.45mol¡Á22.4L?mol-1=10.08L£¬¹ÊD´íÎó£®
¹ÊÑ¡AC£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éþÂÁµÄÖØÒª»¯ºÏÎÒÔͼÏóÌâµÄÐÎʽ¿¼²é£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ¬×¢Òâ·ÖÎöͼÏó¸÷½×¶ÎµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿µÄ¹Øϵ£¬¸ù¾Ý¸÷½×¶ÎµÄ»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦£¬ÀûÓ÷½³Ìʽ¼ÆË㣮
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿
½«Ò»¶¨ÖÊÁ¿µÄþºÍÂÁµÄ»ìºÏÎïͶÈë100mlÑÎËáÖУ¬¹ÌÌåÈ«²¿Èܽâºó£¬ÏòËùµÃÈÜÒºÖмÓÈëNaOHÈÜÒº£¬Éú³É³ÁµíµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Óë¼ÓÈëNaOHÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ý¹ØϵÈçͼËùʾ¡£Èô²»¿¼ÂǽðÊôºÍÑÎËᷴӦʱHClµÄ»Ó·¢£¬ÔòÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®Ã¾ºÍÂÁµÄ×ÜÖÊÁ¿Îª9g |
B£®ÑÎËáµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈΪ5 mol¡¤L£1 |
C£®NaOHÈÜÒºµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈΪ5 mol¡¤L£1 |
D£®Éú³ÉµÄÇâÆøÔÚ±ê×¼×´¿öϵÄÌå»ýΪ11.2 L |