ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
2012Äê3ÔÂ22ÈÕÊǵڶþÊ®½ì¡°ÊÀ½çË®ÈÕ¡±£¬±£»¤Ë®×ÊÔ´£¬´ÓÎÒ×öÆð£¡
£¨1£©ClO2ºÍCl2£¨»¹Ô²úÎﶼΪCl-£©ÊÇÉú»îÖг£ÓõÄÏû¶¾¼Á£®µ±ÏûºÄµÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿µÄÁ½ÖÖÎïÖÊʱ£¬ClO2µÄÏû¶¾Ð§ÂÊÊÇCl2µÄ ±¶£®
£¨2£©×ÔÀ´Ë®³§³£ÓøßÌúËáÄÆ£¨Na2FeO4£¬Ç¿Ñõ»¯¼Á£©¸ÄÉÆË®ÖÊ£®¼òÊö¸ßÌúËáÄÆÓÃÓÚɱ¾úÏû¶¾Í¬Ê±ÓÖÆðµ½¾»Ë®×÷ÓõÄÔÀí £®
£¨3£©Ä³ÎÞÉ«·ÏË®ÖпÉÄܺ¬ÓÐFe2+¡¢Al3+¡¢Na+¡¢NO3-¡¢CO32-¡¢SO42-Àë×ÓÖеļ¸ÖÖ£¬Îª·ÖÎöÆä³É·Ö£¬·Ö±ðÈ¡·ÏË®ÑùÆ·100mL£¬½øÐÐÁËÈý×éʵÑ飬Æä²Ù×÷ºÍÓйØÏÖÏóÈçͼËùʾ£º
Çë¸ù¾ÝÉÏͼ»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
¢ÙʵÑéÖÐÐèÅäÖÆ1.0mol/LµÄNaOHÈÜÒº100mL£¬ËùÐèÒÇÆ÷³ýÁ˲£Á§°ô¡¢ÍÐÅÌÌìƽ¡¢Á¿Í²¡¢Ò©³×¡¢ÉÕ±¡¢½ºÍ·µÎ¹Ü£¬»¹È±ÉÙµÄÒÇÆ÷Ϊ £®
¢ÚʵÑé¢ÛÖгÁµíÁ¿ÓÉA¡úB¹ý³ÌÖÐËù·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ £®
¢ÛÊÔÈ·¶¨NO3-ÊÇ·ñ´æÔÚ£¿ £¨Ìî¡°´æÔÚ¡±¡¢¡°²»´æÔÚ¡±»ò¡°²»È·¶¨¡±£©£¬Èô´æÔÚ£¬ÊÔ¼ÆËãc(NO3-)= £¨Èô²»´æÔÚ£¬´ËÎʲ»±Ø×÷´ð£©£®
£¨1£©ClO2ºÍCl2£¨»¹Ô²úÎﶼΪCl-£©ÊÇÉú»îÖг£ÓõÄÏû¶¾¼Á£®µ±ÏûºÄµÈÎïÖʵÄÁ¿µÄÁ½ÖÖÎïÖÊʱ£¬ClO2µÄÏû¶¾Ð§ÂÊÊÇCl2µÄ
£¨2£©×ÔÀ´Ë®³§³£ÓøßÌúËáÄÆ£¨Na2FeO4£¬Ç¿Ñõ»¯¼Á£©¸ÄÉÆË®ÖÊ£®¼òÊö¸ßÌúËáÄÆÓÃÓÚɱ¾úÏû¶¾Í¬Ê±ÓÖÆðµ½¾»Ë®×÷ÓõÄÔÀí
£¨3£©Ä³ÎÞÉ«·ÏË®ÖпÉÄܺ¬ÓÐFe2+¡¢Al3+¡¢Na+¡¢NO3-¡¢CO32-¡¢SO42-Àë×ÓÖеļ¸ÖÖ£¬Îª·ÖÎöÆä³É·Ö£¬·Ö±ðÈ¡·ÏË®ÑùÆ·100mL£¬½øÐÐÁËÈý×éʵÑ飬Æä²Ù×÷ºÍÓйØÏÖÏóÈçͼËùʾ£º
Çë¸ù¾ÝÉÏͼ»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
¢ÙʵÑéÖÐÐèÅäÖÆ1.0mol/LµÄNaOHÈÜÒº100mL£¬ËùÐèÒÇÆ÷³ýÁ˲£Á§°ô¡¢ÍÐÅÌÌìƽ¡¢Á¿Í²¡¢Ò©³×¡¢ÉÕ±¡¢½ºÍ·µÎ¹Ü£¬»¹È±ÉÙµÄÒÇÆ÷Ϊ
¢ÚʵÑé¢ÛÖгÁµíÁ¿ÓÉA¡úB¹ý³ÌÖÐËù·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ
¢ÛÊÔÈ·¶¨NO3-ÊÇ·ñ´æÔÚ£¿
·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©Ã¿Ä¦¶ûCl2µÃµ½2molµç×Ó£¬¶øÿĦ¶ûClO2µÃµ½5molµç×Ó£¬¹ÊΪ2.5±¶£»
£¨2£©¸ßÌúËáÄƾßÓÐÇ¿Ñõ»¯ÐÔ£¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚɱ¾úÏû¶¾£¬»¹ÔÉú³ÉFe3+£¬Fe3+·¢ÉúË®½âÉú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯Ìú½ºÌåÎü¸½Ë®ÖеÄÔÓÖÊ£»
£¨3£©ÅäÖÆ1.0mol/LµÄNaOHÈÜÒº100mL£¬¸ù¾ÝʵÑé²½ÖèËùÐèÒÇÆ÷£º²£Á§°ô¡¢ÍÐÅÌÌìƽ¡¢Á¿Í²¡¢Ò©³×¡¢ÉÕ±¡¢½ºÍ·µÎ¹Ü¡¢100mLÈÝÁ¿Æ¿£»
¢ÚʵÑé¢ÛÖÐA¡úB¹ý³ÌÊÇAl£¨OH£©3ÓëOH-·¢Éú·´Ó¦£»
¢Û¸ù¾ÝʵÑé¢ÙÈ·¶¨ÎÞNa+£¬¸ù¾ÝʵÑé¢ÚÈ·¶¨ÓÐSO42-£¬¸ù¾ÝʵÑé¢ÛÈ·¶¨ÓÐAl3+ºÍFe2+£¬ÒòΪCO32-ÓëAl3+²»Äܹ²´æ£¬ËùÒÔÎÞCO32-£»¹ÊÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚµÄÀë×ÓΪ£ºAl3+¡¢SO42-£¬¸ù¾ÝÁòËá±µ³ÁµíÇó³ön£¨SO42-£©£¬¸ù¾ÝͼÏóÇó³ön£¨Al3+£©ºÍn£¨Fe2+£©£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊغãÈ·¶¨ÓÐûÓÐNO3-£®
£¨2£©¸ßÌúËáÄƾßÓÐÇ¿Ñõ»¯ÐÔ£¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚɱ¾úÏû¶¾£¬»¹ÔÉú³ÉFe3+£¬Fe3+·¢ÉúË®½âÉú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯Ìú½ºÌåÎü¸½Ë®ÖеÄÔÓÖÊ£»
£¨3£©ÅäÖÆ1.0mol/LµÄNaOHÈÜÒº100mL£¬¸ù¾ÝʵÑé²½ÖèËùÐèÒÇÆ÷£º²£Á§°ô¡¢ÍÐÅÌÌìƽ¡¢Á¿Í²¡¢Ò©³×¡¢ÉÕ±¡¢½ºÍ·µÎ¹Ü¡¢100mLÈÝÁ¿Æ¿£»
¢ÚʵÑé¢ÛÖÐA¡úB¹ý³ÌÊÇAl£¨OH£©3ÓëOH-·¢Éú·´Ó¦£»
¢Û¸ù¾ÝʵÑé¢ÙÈ·¶¨ÎÞNa+£¬¸ù¾ÝʵÑé¢ÚÈ·¶¨ÓÐSO42-£¬¸ù¾ÝʵÑé¢ÛÈ·¶¨ÓÐAl3+ºÍFe2+£¬ÒòΪCO32-ÓëAl3+²»Äܹ²´æ£¬ËùÒÔÎÞCO32-£»¹ÊÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚµÄÀë×ÓΪ£ºAl3+¡¢SO42-£¬¸ù¾ÝÁòËá±µ³ÁµíÇó³ön£¨SO42-£©£¬¸ù¾ÝͼÏóÇó³ön£¨Al3+£©ºÍn£¨Fe2+£©£¬ÔÙ¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊغãÈ·¶¨ÓÐûÓÐNO3-£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©ClO2ºÍCl2µÄ»¹Ô²úÎﶼΪCl-£¬Ã¿Ä¦¶ûCl2µÃµ½2molµç×Ó£¬¶øÿĦ¶ûClO2µÃµ½5molµç×Ó£¬ÔòËùÐèCl2µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿ÊÇClO2µÄ2.5±¶£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º2.5£»
£¨2£©¸ßÌúËáÄƾßÓÐÇ¿Ñõ»¯ÐÔ£¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚɱ¾úÏû¶¾£¬»¹ÔÉú³ÉFe3+£¬Fe3+·¢ÉúË®½âÉú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯Ìú½ºÌåÎü¸½Ë®ÖеÄÔÓÖÊ£¬¿ÉÓÃÀ´³ýȥˮÖеÄÐü¸¡Î´ïµ½¾»Ë®µÄÄ¿µÄ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºFeO42-ÓÐÇ¿µÄÑõ»¯ÐÔ£¬ÄÜɱ¾úÏû¶¾£¬±¾Éí±»»¹ÔΪFe3+£¬Fe3+·¢ÉúË®½âÉú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯Ìú½ºÌåÎü¸½Ë®ÖеÄÔÓÖÊ£¬´ïµ½¾»Ë®µÄÄ¿µÄ£»
£¨3£©ÅäÖÆ1.0mol/LµÄNaOHÈÜÒº100mL£¬¸ù¾ÝʵÑé²½ÖèËùÐèÒÇÆ÷£º²£Á§°ô¡¢ÍÐÅÌÌìƽ¡¢Á¿Í²¡¢Ò©³×¡¢ÉÕ±¡¢½ºÍ·µÎ¹Ü¡¢100mLÈÝÁ¿Æ¿£»¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º100mLÈÝÁ¿Æ¿£»
¢ÚʵÑé¢ÛÖÐA¡úB¹ý³ÌÊÇAl£¨OH£©3ÓëOH-·¢Éú·´Ó¦£¬Æä·½³ÌʽΪ£ºAl£¨OH£©3+OH-=AlO2-+2H2O£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAl£¨OH£©3+OH-=AlO2-+2H2O£»
¢Û¸ù¾ÝʵÑé¢ÙÈ·¶¨ÎÞNa+£¬¸ù¾ÝʵÑé¢ÚÈ·¶¨ÓÐSO42-£¬¸ù¾ÝʵÑé¢ÛÈ·¶¨ÓÐAl3+ÎÞFe2+£¬ÒòΪCO32-ÓëAl3+²»Äܹ²´æ£¬ËùÒÔÎÞCO32-£»¹ÊÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚµÄÀë×ÓΪ£ºAl3+¡¢SO42-£¬ÒÑÖªÁòËá±µ³ÁµíΪ2.33g£¬Ôòn£¨SO42-£©=
=0.01mol£¬
¸ù¾ÝͼÏó¿ÉÖªÓëAl£¨OH£©3µÄOH-Ϊ£ºn£¨OH-£©=0.005mol£¬
Al£¨OH£©3 +OH-=AlO2-+2H2O Fe2++2OH-=Fe£¨OH£©2¡ý
n£¨Al3+£© 0.005mol n£¨Fe2+£© 0.035-3n£¨Al3+£©
ËùÒÔn£¨Al3+£©=0.005mol£¬n£¨Fe2+£©=0.01mol ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖÐFe2+ºÍAl3+Ëù´øÕýµçºÉÓëSO42-Ëù´ø¸ºµçºÉ²»ÏàµÈ£¬Òò´Ë´æÔÚNO3-£¬
ÉèNO3-ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îªnmol£¬¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊغãµÃ£º3n£¨Al3+£©+2n£¨Fe2+£©=2n£¨SO42-£©+n£¨NO3-£©ËùÒÔn£¨NO3-£©=0.015mol£¬ËùÒÔc£¨NO3-£©¨T
=0.15mol/L£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º´æÔÚ£»0.15mol/L£®
£¨2£©¸ßÌúËáÄƾßÓÐÇ¿Ñõ»¯ÐÔ£¬¿ÉÓÃÓÚɱ¾úÏû¶¾£¬»¹ÔÉú³ÉFe3+£¬Fe3+·¢ÉúË®½âÉú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯Ìú½ºÌåÎü¸½Ë®ÖеÄÔÓÖÊ£¬¿ÉÓÃÀ´³ýȥˮÖеÄÐü¸¡Î´ïµ½¾»Ë®µÄÄ¿µÄ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºFeO42-ÓÐÇ¿µÄÑõ»¯ÐÔ£¬ÄÜɱ¾úÏû¶¾£¬±¾Éí±»»¹ÔΪFe3+£¬Fe3+·¢ÉúË®½âÉú³ÉÇâÑõ»¯Ìú½ºÌåÎü¸½Ë®ÖеÄÔÓÖÊ£¬´ïµ½¾»Ë®µÄÄ¿µÄ£»
£¨3£©ÅäÖÆ1.0mol/LµÄNaOHÈÜÒº100mL£¬¸ù¾ÝʵÑé²½ÖèËùÐèÒÇÆ÷£º²£Á§°ô¡¢ÍÐÅÌÌìƽ¡¢Á¿Í²¡¢Ò©³×¡¢ÉÕ±¡¢½ºÍ·µÎ¹Ü¡¢100mLÈÝÁ¿Æ¿£»¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º100mLÈÝÁ¿Æ¿£»
¢ÚʵÑé¢ÛÖÐA¡úB¹ý³ÌÊÇAl£¨OH£©3ÓëOH-·¢Éú·´Ó¦£¬Æä·½³ÌʽΪ£ºAl£¨OH£©3+OH-=AlO2-+2H2O£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAl£¨OH£©3+OH-=AlO2-+2H2O£»
¢Û¸ù¾ÝʵÑé¢ÙÈ·¶¨ÎÞNa+£¬¸ù¾ÝʵÑé¢ÚÈ·¶¨ÓÐSO42-£¬¸ù¾ÝʵÑé¢ÛÈ·¶¨ÓÐAl3+ÎÞFe2+£¬ÒòΪCO32-ÓëAl3+²»Äܹ²´æ£¬ËùÒÔÎÞCO32-£»¹ÊÈÜÒºÖдæÔÚµÄÀë×ÓΪ£ºAl3+¡¢SO42-£¬ÒÑÖªÁòËá±µ³ÁµíΪ2.33g£¬Ôòn£¨SO42-£©=
2.33g |
233g/mol |
¸ù¾ÝͼÏó¿ÉÖªÓëAl£¨OH£©3µÄOH-Ϊ£ºn£¨OH-£©=0.005mol£¬
Al£¨OH£©3 +OH-=AlO2-+2H2O Fe2++2OH-=Fe£¨OH£©2¡ý
n£¨Al3+£© 0.005mol n£¨Fe2+£© 0.035-3n£¨Al3+£©
ËùÒÔn£¨Al3+£©=0.005mol£¬n£¨Fe2+£©=0.01mol ËùÒÔÈÜÒºÖÐFe2+ºÍAl3+Ëù´øÕýµçºÉÓëSO42-Ëù´ø¸ºµçºÉ²»ÏàµÈ£¬Òò´Ë´æÔÚNO3-£¬
ÉèNO3-ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îªnmol£¬¸ù¾ÝµçºÉÊغãµÃ£º3n£¨Al3+£©+2n£¨Fe2+£©=2n£¨SO42-£©+n£¨NO3-£©ËùÒÔn£¨NO3-£©=0.015mol£¬ËùÒÔc£¨NO3-£©¨T
0.015mol |
0.1L |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º´æÔÚ£»0.15mol/L£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éÁ˳£¼ûÀë×Ó¼ìÑ飬ÏÖÏóµÄÅжϺÍÀë×Ó¼ìÑ飬¹Ø¼üÊÇͼÏó·ÖÎöÀë×ÓÌØÕ÷ºÍÀë×Ó¹²´æµÄÅжϣ¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿
2012Äê8ÔÂ27ÈÕÖйúÐÂÎÅÍø£ºÈý¾ÛÇ谷ʼþËÄÄêºó£¬ÖйúÈéÒµ×ß³öÒõÓ°²½È븴ËÕ£®Èý¾ÛÇè°·ÓÖÃûµ°°×¾«[·Ö×ÓʽΪC3N3£¨NH2£©3£¬Ïà¶Ô·Ö×ÓÖÊÁ¿£º126]ÊÇÒ»ÖֵͶ¾ÐÔ»¯¹¤²úÆ·£¬Ó¤Ó׶ù´óÁ¿ÉãÈë¿ÉÒýÆðÃÚÄòϵͳ¼²»¼£®ÓйØÈý¾ÛÇ谷˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
A¡¢2.52 gÈý¾ÛÇè°·º¬µªÔ×ÓÊýĿΪ0.12 NA | B¡¢±ê×¼×´¿öÏÂ1 molµÄÈý¾ÛÇè°·µÄÌå»ýΪ22.4 L | C¡¢Èý¾ÛÇè°·º¬µªÁ¿Ô¼Îª10% | D¡¢Èý¾ÛÇè°·µÄĦ¶ûÖÊÁ¿Îª126 |