ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
19£®ÏÖÓÐÏÂÁоÅÖÖÎïÖÊ£º¢ÙHClÆøÌå¢ÚCu¡¡¢ÛÕáÌÇ¡¡¢ÜCO2¡¡¢ÝH2SO4¡¡¢ÞBa£¨OH£©2¹ÌÌå¡¡ ¢ßÂÈËá¼ØÈÜÒº¡¡¢àÏ¡ÏõËá¡¡¢áÈÛÈÚAl2£¨SO4£©3£¨1£©ÊôÓÚµç½âÖʵÄÊǢ٢ݢޢ᣻ÊôÓڷǵç½âÖʵÄÊǢۢܣ®
£¨2£©¢ÚºÍ¢à·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ£º3Cu+8HNO3¨T3Cu£¨NO3£©2+2NO¡ü+4H2O
ÉÏÊö·´Ó¦ÖÐÑõ»¯²úÎïÊÇ3Cu£¨NO3£©2£¬ÏõËáûÓÐÈ«²¿²Î¼ÓÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦£¬²Î¼ÓÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦µÄÏõËáÕ¼×ÜÏõËáµÄ1£º4£¨Ìî±ÈÖµ£©£®
ÓÃË«ÏßÇÅ·¨·ÖÎöÉÏÊö·´Ó¦£¨Ö»Ðè±ê³öµç×ÓµÃʧµÄ·½ÏòºÍÊýÄ¿£©
3Cu+8HNO3¨T3Cu£¨NO3£©2+2NO¡ü+4H2O
£¨3£©ÉÏÊö¾ÅÖÖÎïÖÊÖÐÓÐЩÎïÖÊÖ®¼ä¿É·¢ÉúÀë×Ó·´Ó¦£ºH++OH-¨TH2O£¬Çëд³ö¸ÃÀë×Ó·´Ó¦¶ÔÓ¦µÄÒ»¸ö»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽBa£¨OH£©2+2HNO3=Ba£¨NO3£©2+2H2O£®
£¨4£©¢áÔÚË®ÖеĵçÀë·½³ÌʽΪAl2£¨SO4£©3=2Al3++3SO42-£®
£¨5£©3.42g ¢áÈÜÓÚË®Åä³É100mLÈÜÒº£¬SO42- µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈΪ0.3mol/L£®
·ÖÎö £¨1£©ÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÀï»òÈÛÈÚ״̬ÏÂÄܵ¼µçµÄ»¯ºÏÎïÊǵç½âÖÊ£¬°üÀ¨Ëá¡¢¼î¡¢ÑΡ¢»îÆýðÊôÑõ»¯ÎïºÍË®£»
ÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÀïºÍÈÛÈÚ״̬϶¼²»Äܵ¼µçµÄ»¯ºÏÎïÊǷǵç½âÖÊ£¬°üÀ¨Ò»Ð©·Ç½ðÊôÑõ»¯Îï¡¢°±Æø¡¢´ó¶àÊýÓлúÎÈçÕáÌÇ¡¢¾Æ¾«µÈ£©£»
£¨2£©Ñõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦ÖÐËùº¬ÔªËØ»¯ºÏ¼ÛÉý¸ßµÄ·´Ó¦ÎïΪ»¹Ô¼Á£¬¶ÔÓ¦²úÎïΪÑõ»¯²úÎÒÀ¾ÝÏõËáÖеªÔªËØ»¯ºÏ¼Û±ä»¯µÄ¼ÆËã²Î¼ÓÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦µÄÏõËáÕ¼×ÜÏõËá¸ùµÄÁ¿£»
¸ù¾ÝCuÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼Û±ä»¯¡¢NÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼Û±ä»¯À´·ÖÎö£¬»¯ºÏ¼ÛÉý¸ßµÄÔªËØÔ×Óʧȥµç×Ó£¬»¯ºÏ¼Û½µµÍµÄÔªËصÄÔ×ӵõ½µç×Ó£¬»¯ºÏ¼ÛÉý¸ßÖµ=»¯ºÏ¼Û½µµÍÖµ=תÒƵç×ÓÊý£»
£¨3£©H++OH-¨TH2O£¬¿ÉÒÔ±íʾǿËáÓëÇ¿¼î·´Ó¦Éú³É¿ÉÈÜÐÔÑκÍË®£»
£¨4£©ÁòËáÂÁΪǿµç½âÖÊ£¬Ë®ÈÜÒºÖÐÍêÈ«µçÀ룻
£¨5£©¼ÆËã3.42gÁòËáµÄÂÁµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬ÒÀ¾ÝÁòËáÂÁµçÀë·½³Ìʽ¼ÆËãÁòËá¸ùÀë×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬ÒÀ¾ÝC=$\frac{n}{V}$¼ÆËãÁòËá¸ùÀë×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶È£®
½â´ð ½â£º£¨1£©¢ÙHClÆøÌåÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÀïÄܵ¼µçµÄ»¯ºÏÎÊǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢ÚCuÊǵ¥ÖÊ£¬¼È²»Êǵç½âÖÊÒ²²»ÊǷǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢ÛÕáÌÇÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÀïºÍÈÛÈÚ״̬϶¼²»Äܵ¼µçµÄ»¯ºÏÎÊǷǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢ÜCO2±¾Éí²»ÄܵçÀ룬ÊôÓڷǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢ÝH2SO4¡¡ÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÀïÄܵ¼µçµÄ»¯ºÏÎïÊǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢ÞBa£¨OH£©2¹ÌÌåÈÛÈÚ״̬ÏÂÄܹ»µ¼µçµÄ»¯ºÏÎÊǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢ßÂÈËá¼ØÈÜÒºÊÇ»ìºÏÎ¼È²»Êǵç½âÖÊÒ²²»ÊǷǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢àÏ¡ÏõËáÊÇ»ìºÏÎ¼È²»Êǵç½âÖÊÒ²²»ÊǷǵç½âÖÊ£»
¢áÈÛÈÚAl2£¨SO4£©3ÔÚË®ÈÜÒºÀï»òÈÛÈÚ״̬ÏÂÄܵ¼µçµÄ»¯ºÏÎÊǵç½âÖÊ£»
ÊôÓÚµç½âÖʵÄÊÇ ¢Ù¢Ý¢Þ¢á£»ÊôÓڷǵç½âÖʵÄÊÇ ¢Û¢Ü£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¢Ù¢Ý¢Þ¢á£» ¢Û¢Ü£»
£¨2£©3Cu+8HNO3¨T3Cu£¨NO3£©2+2NO¡ü+4H2O£¬·´Ó¦ÖÐÍÔªËØ»¯ºÏ¼ÛÉý¸ß£¬Îª»¹Ô¼Á£¬¶ÔÓ¦²úÎïÏõËáÍΪÑõ»¯²úÎ²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦µÄÏõËáÓÐ8mol£¬Ö»ÓÐ2molÏõËáÖеÄN»¯ºÏ¼Û½µµÍ£¬×öÑõ»¯¼Á£¬²Î¼ÓÑõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦µÄÏõËáÕ¼×ÜÏõËáµÄ1£º4£»
ÔÚ·´Ó¦3Cu+8HNO3=3Cu£¨NO3£©2+2NO¡ü+4H2OÖУ¬CuÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼ÛÓÉ0Éý¸ßµ½+2¼Û£¬NÔªËصĻ¯ºÏ¼ÛÓÉ+5½µµÍΪ+2¼Û£¬×ªÒƵĵç×ÓΪ6e-£¬ÔòË«ÏßÇÅ·¨±ê³öµç×ÓµÃʧµÄ·½ÏòºÍÊýĿΪ£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºCu£¨NO3£©2£»1£º4£»£»
£¨3£©H++OH-¨TH2O£¬¿ÉÒÔ±íʾÏõËáÓëÇâÑõ»¯±µ·´Ó¦£¬·½³Ìʽ£ºBa£¨OH£©2+2HNO3=Ba£¨NO3£©2+2H2O£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBa£¨OH£©2+2HNO3=Ba£¨NO3£©2+2H2O£»
£¨4£©ÁòËáÂÁΪǿµç½âÖÊ£¬ÍêÈ«µçÀ룬µçÀë·½³ÌʽΪ£ºAl2£¨SO4£©3=2Al3++3SO42-£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAl2£¨SO4£©3=2Al3++3SO42-£»
£¨5£©3.42g ÁòËáÂÁµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿n=$\frac{3.42g}{342g/mol}$=0.01mol£¬ÒÀ¾ÝÁòËáÂÁµçÀë·½³Ìʽ£ºAl2£¨SO4£©3=2Al3++3SO42-£¬¿ÉÖªÁòËá¸ùÀë×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª0.03mol£¬ÔòÁòËá¸ùÀë×ÓµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Å¨¶ÈC=$\frac{0.03mol}{0.1L}$=0.3mol/L£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º0.3mol/L£®
µãÆÀ ±¾Ì⿼²éÁ˵ç½âÖÊ¡¢·Çµç½âÖÊÅжϡ¢µçÀë·½³Ìʽ¡¢Àë×Ó·½³ÌʽµÄÊéд£¬Ã÷È·µç½âÖÊ¡¢·Çµç½âÖʸÅÄîÊǽâÌâ¹Ø¼ü£¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶȲ»´ó£®
A£® | A¼«ÊÇÑô¼«£¬B¼«ÎªÒõ¼« | |
B£® | A¼«µÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½ÎªC+2H2O-4e-=CO2¡ü+4H+ | |
C£® | B¼«µÄµç¼«·´Ó¦Ê½Îª2H++2e-=H2¡ü | |
D£® | µç½âÒ»¶Îʱ¼äºó£¬Ãº½¬ÒºµÄpHÔö´ó |
A£® | HClµÄµç×Óʽ | B£® | CH4µÄÇò¹÷Ä£ÐÍ£º | ||
C£® | S2-µÄ½á¹¹Ê¾ÒâͼΪ | D£® | ÒÒÏ©µÄ½á¹¹¼òʽ£º |
A£® | Ñõ»¯»¹Ô·´Ó¦µÄʵÖÊÊÇ»¯ºÏ¼ÛµÄÉý½µ | |
B£® | ͬÎÂͬѹÏ£¬ÈκÎÆøÌåµÄ·Ö×Ó¼ä¾àÀ뼸ºõÏàµÈ | |
C£® | ²¼ÀÊÔ˶¯ÊǽºÌåÇø±ðÓÚÆäËû·ÖɢϵµÄ±¾ÖÊÌØÕ÷ | |
D£® | SO2µÄË®ÈÜÒºÄܹ»µ¼µç£¬ËùÒÔSO2Êǵç½âÖÊ |
A£® | ÂÁÈÈ·¨Ò±Á¶ÄÑÈÛ½ðÊô | B£® | ʵÑéÊÒÓÃNH4ClºÍCa£¨OH£©2ÖƱ¸NH3 | ||
C£® | Na2O2ÓÃ×÷ºôÎüÃæ¾ßµÄ¹©Ñõ¼Á | D£® | ¹¤ÒµÉϵç½âÈÛÈÚ״̬Al2O3ÖƱ¸Al |
A£® | ÁòËáþÈÜÒº¸úÇâÑõ»¯±µÈÜÒº·´Ó¦£ºSO${\;}_{4}^{2-}$+Ba2+¨TBaSO4¡ý | |
B£® | ¹ýÁ¿µÄNaHSO4ÓëBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦£ºBa2++2OH-+2H++SO${\;}_{4}^{2-}$¨TBaSO4¡ý+2H2O | |
C£® | ÍƬ²åÈëÏõËáÒøÈÜÒºÖУºCu+Ag+¨TCu2++Ag | |
D£® | ³ÎÇåʯ»ÒË®ÖмÓÈëÑÎË᣺Ca£¨OH£©2+2H+¨TCa2++2H2O |
A£® | ÅäÖÆÈÜÒº | B£® | ·ÖÀëÒÒ´¼ºÍË® | ||
C£® | ³ýÈ¥COÆøÌåÖеÄCO2 | D£® | ³ýÈ¥´ÖÑÎÖеIJ»ÈÜÎï |