ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
£¨2011?°²»ÕÄ£Ä⣩ijÎÞÉ«ÈÜÒº£¬ÓÉNa+¡¢Ag+¡¢Ba2+¡¢Al3+¡¢AlO2-¡¢MnO4-¡¢CO32-¡¢SO42-¡¢SiO32-ÖеÄÈô¸ÉÖÖ×é³É£¨²»¿¼ÂÇË®µÄµçÀ룩£®È¡¸ÃÈÜÒº½øÐÐÈçÏÂʵÑ飺
¢ñ£®È¡ÊÊÁ¿ÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄÑÎËᣬÓÐÆøÌåÉú³É£¬²¢µÃµ½ÎÞÉ«ÈÜÒº£»
¢ò£®ÔÚ¢ñËùµÃÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄNH4HCO3ÈÜÒº£¬ÓÐÆøÌåÉú³É£¬Í¬Ê±Îö³ö°×É«³Áµí¼×£»
¢ó£®ÔÚ¢òËùµÃÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈÈ£¬Ò²ÓÐÆøÌåÉú³É£¬Í¬Ê±Îö³ö°×É«³ÁµíÒÒ£®
Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©ÓÉʵÑé¢ñ¿ÉÖªÔÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨²»º¬ÓеÄÀë×ÓÊÇ
£¨2£©ÓÉʵÑé¢ò¿ÉÖªÔÈÜÒºÖл¹Ò»¶¨º¬ÓеÄÀë×ÓÊÇ
£¨3£©ÊµÑé¢óÖÐÉú³É°×É«³ÁµíÒÒµÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ
£¨4£©ÔÈÜÒºÖл¹¿ÉÄÜ´æÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÊÇ
¢ñ£®È¡ÊÊÁ¿ÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄÑÎËᣬÓÐÆøÌåÉú³É£¬²¢µÃµ½ÎÞÉ«ÈÜÒº£»
¢ò£®ÔÚ¢ñËùµÃÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄNH4HCO3ÈÜÒº£¬ÓÐÆøÌåÉú³É£¬Í¬Ê±Îö³ö°×É«³Áµí¼×£»
¢ó£®ÔÚ¢òËùµÃÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒº£¬¼ÓÈÈ£¬Ò²ÓÐÆøÌåÉú³É£¬Í¬Ê±Îö³ö°×É«³ÁµíÒÒ£®
Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©ÓÉʵÑé¢ñ¿ÉÖªÔÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨²»º¬ÓеÄÀë×ÓÊÇ
Ba2+¡¢Ag+£¬Al3+¡¢SiO32-
Ba2+¡¢Ag+£¬Al3+¡¢SiO32-
£»Ò»¶¨º¬ÓеÄÀë×ÓÊÇNa+¡¢CO32-
Na+¡¢CO32-
£®£¨2£©ÓÉʵÑé¢ò¿ÉÖªÔÈÜÒºÖл¹Ò»¶¨º¬ÓеÄÀë×ÓÊÇ
AlO2-
AlO2-
£»Éú³É°×É«³Áµí¼×µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ3CO32-+2Al3++3H2O=2Al£¨OH£©3¡ý+3CO2¡ü
3CO32-+2Al3++3H2O=2Al£¨OH£©3¡ý+3CO2¡ü
£®£¨3£©ÊµÑé¢óÖÐÉú³É°×É«³ÁµíÒÒµÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽΪ
Ba2++2OH-+NH4++HCO3-=BaCO3¡ý+NH3¡ü+2H2O
Ba2++2OH-+NH4++HCO3-=BaCO3¡ý+NH3¡ü+2H2O
£®£¨4£©ÔÈÜÒºÖл¹¿ÉÄÜ´æÔÚµÄÀë×ÓÊÇ
SO42-
SO42-
£»¼ìÑé¸ÃÀë×ӵķ½·¨ÊÇÏȼÓÈë×ãÁ¿ÑÎËᣬÔÙ¼ÓBaCl2ÈÜÒº
ÏȼÓÈë×ãÁ¿ÑÎËᣬÔÙ¼ÓBaCl2ÈÜÒº
£®·ÖÎö£ºÎÞÉ«ÈÜÒºÖÐÒ»¶¨²»º¬MnO4-£»
£¨1£©È¡ÊÊÁ¿ÊÔÒº£¬¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿ÑÎËᣬÓÐÆøÌåÉú³É£¬²¢µÃµ½ÈÜÒº£¬ËµÃ÷Ò»¶¨º¬CO32-¡¢CO32-ÓëAg+¡¢Ba2+¡¢Al3+·´Ó¦²úÉú³Áµí£¬Ò»¶¨²»º¬Ba2+¡¢Ag+£¬Al3+£»
£¨2£©ÔÚʵÑé¢ñËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐÔÙ¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿Ì¼ËáÇâï§ÈÜÒº£¬ÓÐÆøÌåAÉú³É£¬Í¬Ê±Îö³ö°×É«³Áµí¼×£»·ÖÎöÏÖÏó£¬ÊµÑé¢ñÖйýÁ¿ÑÎËáÓë̼ËáÇâ立´Ó¦Éú³ÉÆøÌåAΪ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼£»Îö³ö°×É«³Áµí¼×Ö»ÄÜÊÇ̼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×ÓºÍÂÁÀë×ÓË®½âµÄ²úÎïÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁ³Áµí£»
£¨3£©ÔÚʵÑéIIËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐÔÙ¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿Ba£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒº£¬ÓÐÆøÌåBÉú³É£¬²¢Óа×É«³ÁµíÒÒÎö³ö£®ÇâÑõ»¯±µºÍ¹ýÁ¿µÄ̼ËáÇâï§ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³É̼Ëá±µ³ÁµíºÍ°±Æø£»Èôº¬ÓÐÁòËá¸ùÀë×ÓÒ²»áÉú³É°×É«³Áµí£»
£¨4£©ÒÔÉÏÈý¸öʵÑéûÓÐÖ¤Ã÷ÓÐûÓÐSO42-£¬¼ìÑéSO42-ÏȼÓÈë×ãÁ¿ÑÎËᣬÔÙ¼ÓBaCl2ÈÜÒº£®
£¨1£©È¡ÊÊÁ¿ÊÔÒº£¬¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿ÑÎËᣬÓÐÆøÌåÉú³É£¬²¢µÃµ½ÈÜÒº£¬ËµÃ÷Ò»¶¨º¬CO32-¡¢CO32-ÓëAg+¡¢Ba2+¡¢Al3+·´Ó¦²úÉú³Áµí£¬Ò»¶¨²»º¬Ba2+¡¢Ag+£¬Al3+£»
£¨2£©ÔÚʵÑé¢ñËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐÔÙ¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿Ì¼ËáÇâï§ÈÜÒº£¬ÓÐÆøÌåAÉú³É£¬Í¬Ê±Îö³ö°×É«³Áµí¼×£»·ÖÎöÏÖÏó£¬ÊµÑé¢ñÖйýÁ¿ÑÎËáÓë̼ËáÇâ立´Ó¦Éú³ÉÆøÌåAΪ¶þÑõ»¯Ì¼£»Îö³ö°×É«³Áµí¼×Ö»ÄÜÊÇ̼ËáÇâ¸ùÀë×ÓºÍÂÁÀë×ÓË®½âµÄ²úÎïÇâÑõ»¯ÂÁ³Áµí£»
£¨3£©ÔÚʵÑéIIËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐÔÙ¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿Ba£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒº£¬ÓÐÆøÌåBÉú³É£¬²¢Óа×É«³ÁµíÒÒÎö³ö£®ÇâÑõ»¯±µºÍ¹ýÁ¿µÄ̼ËáÇâï§ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦Éú³É̼Ëá±µ³ÁµíºÍ°±Æø£»Èôº¬ÓÐÁòËá¸ùÀë×ÓÒ²»áÉú³É°×É«³Áµí£»
£¨4£©ÒÔÉÏÈý¸öʵÑéûÓÐÖ¤Ã÷ÓÐûÓÐSO42-£¬¼ìÑéSO42-ÏȼÓÈë×ãÁ¿ÑÎËᣬÔÙ¼ÓBaCl2ÈÜÒº£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©¸ù¾ÝÎÞÉ«ÈÜÒº£¬È·¶¨²»»áMnO4-£®¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿ÑÎËᣬÓÐÆøÌåÉú³É£¬È·¶¨º¬CO32-£¬CO32-ÓëAg+¡¢Ba2+¡¢Al3+·´Ó¦²úÉú³Áµí£¬ÎÞ³Áµí£¬ËµÃ÷ûÓÐSiO32-£»ÍƶÏÒ»¶¨²»º¬Ba2+¡¢Ag+¡¢SiO32-¡¢Al3+£»ÒÀ¾ÝµçºÉÊغã¿ÉÖªÒ»¶¨´æÔÚÑôÀë×ÓΪNa+£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBa2+¡¢Ag+£¬Al3+¡¢SiO32-¡¢Na+¡¢CO32-£»
£¨2£©ÔÚʵÑéIËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐÔÙ¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄ̼ËáÇâï§ÈÜÒº£¬ÓÐÆøÌåÉú³É£¬Í¬Ê±Îö³ö°×É«³Áµí¼×£¬ÊµÑéIÖйýÁ¿ÑÎËáÓë̼ËáÇâ立´Ó¦£¬NH4HCO3+HCl=NH4Cl+H2O+CO2¡ü£¬¹ýÁ¿µÄ̼ËáÇâï§ÈÜÒºÓëijÀë×Ó·´Ó¦ÓгÁµíÉú³É£¬Ö»ÄÜÊÇAlO2-ÓëHCl·´Ó¦µÃµ½µÄAl3+ÓëCO32-·´Ó¦£¬Æä·´Ó¦·½³ÌΪ£º3CO32-+2Al3++3H2O=2Al£¨OH£©3¡ý+3CO2¡ü£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAlO2-£»3CO32-+2Al3++3H2O=2Al£¨OH£©3¡ý+3CO2¡ü£»
£¨3£©ÔÚʵÑéIIËùµÃÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë¹ýÁ¿Å¨Ba£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒº£¬Ò²ÓÐÆøÌåÉú³É£¬²¢Óа×É«³ÁµíÒÒÎö³ö£¬ÊµÑéIIÖÐÊ£ÓàµÄ̼ËáÇâï§ÈÜÒºÓëBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦£¬NH4HCO3+Ba£¨OH£©2=BaCO3¡ý+NH3¡ü+2H2O£¬SO42-ÓëBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºÒ²·´Ó¦£¬SO42-+Ba2+=BaSO4¡ý£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBa2++2OH-+NH4++HCO3-=BaCO3¡ý+NH3¡ü+2H2O£»
£¨4£©ÒÔÉÏÈý¸öʵÑéûÓÐÖ¤Ã÷ÓÐûÓÐSO42-£¬¼ìÑéSO42-ÏȼÓÈë×ãÁ¿ÑÎËᣬÔÙ¼ÓBaCl2ÈÜÒº£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºSO42-£»ÏȼÓÈë×ãÁ¿ÑÎËᣬÔÙ¼ÓBaCl2ÈÜÒº£®
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBa2+¡¢Ag+£¬Al3+¡¢SiO32-¡¢Na+¡¢CO32-£»
£¨2£©ÔÚʵÑéIËùµÃÈÜÒºÖÐÔÙ¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿µÄ̼ËáÇâï§ÈÜÒº£¬ÓÐÆøÌåÉú³É£¬Í¬Ê±Îö³ö°×É«³Áµí¼×£¬ÊµÑéIÖйýÁ¿ÑÎËáÓë̼ËáÇâ立´Ó¦£¬NH4HCO3+HCl=NH4Cl+H2O+CO2¡ü£¬¹ýÁ¿µÄ̼ËáÇâï§ÈÜÒºÓëijÀë×Ó·´Ó¦ÓгÁµíÉú³É£¬Ö»ÄÜÊÇAlO2-ÓëHCl·´Ó¦µÃµ½µÄAl3+ÓëCO32-·´Ó¦£¬Æä·´Ó¦·½³ÌΪ£º3CO32-+2Al3++3H2O=2Al£¨OH£©3¡ý+3CO2¡ü£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºAlO2-£»3CO32-+2Al3++3H2O=2Al£¨OH£©3¡ý+3CO2¡ü£»
£¨3£©ÔÚʵÑéIIËùµÃÈÜÒºÖмÓÈë¹ýÁ¿Å¨Ba£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒº£¬Ò²ÓÐÆøÌåÉú³É£¬²¢Óа×É«³ÁµíÒÒÎö³ö£¬ÊµÑéIIÖÐÊ£ÓàµÄ̼ËáÇâï§ÈÜÒºÓëBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒº·´Ó¦£¬NH4HCO3+Ba£¨OH£©2=BaCO3¡ý+NH3¡ü+2H2O£¬SO42-ÓëBa£¨OH£©2ÈÜÒºÒ²·´Ó¦£¬SO42-+Ba2+=BaSO4¡ý£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºBa2++2OH-+NH4++HCO3-=BaCO3¡ý+NH3¡ü+2H2O£»
£¨4£©ÒÔÉÏÈý¸öʵÑéûÓÐÖ¤Ã÷ÓÐûÓÐSO42-£¬¼ìÑéSO42-ÏȼÓÈë×ãÁ¿ÑÎËᣬÔÙ¼ÓBaCl2ÈÜÒº£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºSO42-£»ÏȼÓÈë×ãÁ¿ÑÎËᣬÔÙ¼ÓBaCl2ÈÜÒº£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾Ì⿼²éÁËÎïÖʼìÑ飬Àë×Ó·´Ó¦µÄÐÔÖÊÓ¦Ó㬷´Ó¦ÏÖÏóµÄ·ÖÎöÅжϣ¬×¢Òâ¼ÓÈë¹ýÁ¿ÊÔ¼ÁµÄ×÷Óã¬ÌâÄ¿ÄѶÈÖеȣ®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿
£¨2011?°²»ÕÄ£Ä⣩ÏÂÁÐÀë×Ó»ò·Ö×Ó×éÖÐÄÜ´óÁ¿¹²´æ£¬ÇÒÂú×ãÏàÓ¦ÒªÇóµÄÊÇ£¨¡¡¡¡£©
|