ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
£¨2010?ÉÂÎ÷Ä£Ä⣩ÓÉCOÓëH2´ß»¯ºÏ³É¼×´¼ÊÇÉúÎïÖÊÄÜÀûÓõķ½·¨Ö®Ò»£®
£¨1£©ÉÏÊö·´Ó¦µÄ´ß»¯¼Á³£ÓõÚËÄÖÜÆÚÁ½ÖÖ½ðÊôÔªËصĻ¯ºÏÎÆäÖÐÒ»ÖÖÔªËصÄÔ×ÓL²ãµç×ÓÊýÓë×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýÖ®±ÈΪ4£º1£¬d¹ìµÀÖеĵç×ÓÊýÓë×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýÖ®±ÈΪ5£º1£¬ËüµÄÔªËØ·ûºÅΪ
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝµÈµç×ÓÔÀí£¬Ð´³öCO·Ö×ӵĽṹʽ
£¨3£©¼×´¼´ß»¯Ñõ»¯¿ÉµÃµ½¼×È©£®
¢Ù¼×´¼µÄ·Ðµã±È¼×È©µÄ¸ß£¬ÆäÖ÷ÒªÔÒòÊÇ
¢Ú¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖÐ̼Ô×Ó¹ìµÀµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍΪ
£¨4£©ÉÏÊö·´Ó¦µÄ´ß»¯¼ÁÁíÒ»ÖÖÊÇÍÔªËصĻ¯ºÏÎÒÑ֪͵ÄÖØÒª»¯ºÏÎﵨ·¯CuSO4?5H2O¿Éд³É[Cu£¨H2O£©4]SO4?H2O£¬Æä½á¹¹Ê¾ÒâͼÈ磺ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
A£®ÔÚÉÏÊö½á¹¹Ê¾ÒâͼÖУ¬ËùÓÐÑõÔ×Ó¶¼²ÉÓÃsp3ÔÓ»¯
B£®ÔÚÉÏÊö½á¹¹Ê¾ÒâͼÖУ¬´æÔÚÅäλ¼ü¡¢¹²¼Û¼üºÍÀë×Ó¼ü
C£®µ¨·¯ÊÇ·Ö×Ó¾§Ì壬·Ö×Ó¼ä´æÔÚÇâ¼ü
D£®µ¨·¯ÖеÄË®ÔÚ²»Í¬Î¶ÈÏ»á·Ö²½Ê§È¥£®
£¨1£©ÉÏÊö·´Ó¦µÄ´ß»¯¼Á³£ÓõÚËÄÖÜÆÚÁ½ÖÖ½ðÊôÔªËصĻ¯ºÏÎÆäÖÐÒ»ÖÖÔªËصÄÔ×ÓL²ãµç×ÓÊýÓë×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýÖ®±ÈΪ4£º1£¬d¹ìµÀÖеĵç×ÓÊýÓë×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýÖ®±ÈΪ5£º1£¬ËüµÄÔªËØ·ûºÅΪ
Zn
Zn
£¬Æä+2¼ÛÀë×ӵĺËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½ÊÇ1s22s22p63s23p63d10
1s22s22p63s23p63d10
£®£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝµÈµç×ÓÔÀí£¬Ð´³öCO·Ö×ӵĽṹʽ
C¡ÔO
C¡ÔO
£®£¨3£©¼×´¼´ß»¯Ñõ»¯¿ÉµÃµ½¼×È©£®
¢Ù¼×´¼µÄ·Ðµã±È¼×È©µÄ¸ß£¬ÆäÖ÷ÒªÔÒòÊÇ
¼×´¼·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü
¼×´¼·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü
£»¢Ú¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖÐ̼Ô×Ó¹ìµÀµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍΪ
sp2ÔÓ»¯
sp2ÔÓ»¯
£®¼×È©·Ö×ӵĿռ乹ÐÍÊÇƽÃæÈý½ÇÐÎ
ƽÃæÈý½ÇÐÎ
£» 1mol¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖЦҼüµÄÊýĿΪ3NA
3NA
£®£¨4£©ÉÏÊö·´Ó¦µÄ´ß»¯¼ÁÁíÒ»ÖÖÊÇÍÔªËصĻ¯ºÏÎÒÑ֪͵ÄÖØÒª»¯ºÏÎﵨ·¯CuSO4?5H2O¿Éд³É[Cu£¨H2O£©4]SO4?H2O£¬Æä½á¹¹Ê¾ÒâͼÈ磺ÏÂÁÐ˵·¨ÕýÈ·µÄÊÇ
BD
BD
£¨Ìî×Öĸ£©£®A£®ÔÚÉÏÊö½á¹¹Ê¾ÒâͼÖУ¬ËùÓÐÑõÔ×Ó¶¼²ÉÓÃsp3ÔÓ»¯
B£®ÔÚÉÏÊö½á¹¹Ê¾ÒâͼÖУ¬´æÔÚÅäλ¼ü¡¢¹²¼Û¼üºÍÀë×Ó¼ü
C£®µ¨·¯ÊÇ·Ö×Ó¾§Ì壬·Ö×Ó¼ä´æÔÚÇâ¼ü
D£®µ¨·¯ÖеÄË®ÔÚ²»Í¬Î¶ÈÏ»á·Ö²½Ê§È¥£®
·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©L²ãµç×ÓÊýÓë×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýÖ®±ÈΪ4£º1£¬d¹ìµÀÖеĵç×ÓÊýÓë×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýÖ®±ÈΪ5£º1£¬¸ÃÔªËØλÓÚµÚËÄÖÜÆÚ¿ÉÖª¸ÃÔªËØΪZn£¬¸ù¾ÝпµÄÔ×ÓÐòÊýºÍ¹¹ÔìÔÀíÀ´Êéд»ù̬ZnÔ×ӵĺËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½£»
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝµÈµç×ÓÔÀíÀ´ÊéдCOµÄ½á¹¹Ê½£»
£¨3£©¢ÙÀûÓÃÇâ¼üÀ´½âÊÍÎïÖʵķе㣻
¢ÚÀûÓü×È©ÖеijɼüÀ´·ÖÎö̼Ô×ÓµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍ£»ÀûÓÃÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍÀ´·ÖÎö¿Õ¼ä½á¹¹£¬²¢ÀûÓÃÅжϦҼüµÄ¹æÂÉÀ´·ÖÎö¦Ò¼üÊýÄ¿£»
£¨4£©¸ù¾Ý½á¹¹Ê¾ÒâͼÖÐÑõÔ×ÓÊÇ·ñ¶¼ÊDZ¥ºÍÑõÔ×Ó£¬´æÔÚO¡úCuÅäλ¼ü£¬H-O¡¢S-O¹²¼Û¼üºÍCu¡¢OÀë×Ó¼ü£¬µ¨·¯ÊôÓÚÀë×Ó¾§ÌåÒÔ¼°µ¨·¯¾§ÌåÖÐË®Á½À࣬һÀàÊÇÐγÉÅäÌåµÄË®·Ö×Ó£¬Ò»ÀàÊÇÐγÉÇâ¼üµÄË®·Ö×ӵȽǶȷÖÎö£®
£¨2£©¸ù¾ÝµÈµç×ÓÔÀíÀ´ÊéдCOµÄ½á¹¹Ê½£»
£¨3£©¢ÙÀûÓÃÇâ¼üÀ´½âÊÍÎïÖʵķе㣻
¢ÚÀûÓü×È©ÖеijɼüÀ´·ÖÎö̼Ô×ÓµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍ£»ÀûÓÃÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍÀ´·ÖÎö¿Õ¼ä½á¹¹£¬²¢ÀûÓÃÅжϦҼüµÄ¹æÂÉÀ´·ÖÎö¦Ò¼üÊýÄ¿£»
£¨4£©¸ù¾Ý½á¹¹Ê¾ÒâͼÖÐÑõÔ×ÓÊÇ·ñ¶¼ÊDZ¥ºÍÑõÔ×Ó£¬´æÔÚO¡úCuÅäλ¼ü£¬H-O¡¢S-O¹²¼Û¼üºÍCu¡¢OÀë×Ó¼ü£¬µ¨·¯ÊôÓÚÀë×Ó¾§ÌåÒÔ¼°µ¨·¯¾§ÌåÖÐË®Á½À࣬һÀàÊÇÐγÉÅäÌåµÄË®·Ö×Ó£¬Ò»ÀàÊÇÐγÉÇâ¼üµÄË®·Ö×ӵȽǶȷÖÎö£®
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©L²ãµç×ÓÊýÓë×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýÖ®±ÈΪ4£º1£¬L²ã²»ÊÇ×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýΪ8£¬ÄÇô×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýΪ2£®d¹ìµÀÖеĵç×ÓÊýÓë×îÍâ²ãµç×ÓÊýÖ®±ÈΪ5£º1£¬ËµÃ÷d¹ìµÀÖеĵç×ÓÊýΪ10£®¸ÃÔªËØλÓÚµÚËÄÖÜÆÚ¿ÉÖª¸ÃÔªËØΪZn£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºZn£»1s22s22p63s23p63d10»ò[Ar]3d10£®
£¨2£©ÒÀ¾ÝµÈµç×ÓÔÀí£¬¿ÉÖªCOÓëN2ΪµÈµç×ÓÌ壬N2·Ö×ӵĽṹʽΪN¡ÔN£¬»¥ÎªµÈµç×ÓÌå·Ö×ӵĽṹÏàËÆ£¬ÔòCOµÄ½á¹¹Ê½ÎªC¡ÔO£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºC¡ÔO£»
£¨3£©¢Ù¼×´¼·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÁË·Ö×Ó¼äÇâ¼ü£¬¼×È©·Ö×Ó¼äÖ»ÊÇ·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦£¬¶øûÓÐÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬¹Ê¼×´¼µÄ·Ðµã¸ß£»¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¼×´¼·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£»
¢Ú¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐ̼ÑõË«¼ü£¬¹²ÓÐ3¸ö¦Ò¼ü£¬Ôò̼Ô×Ó¹ìµÀµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍΪsp2ÔÓ»¯£»Òò¼×È©ÖÐ̼Ô×Ó²ÉÈ¡sp2ÔÓ»¯£¬Ôò·Ö×ӵĿռ乹ÐÍΪƽÃæÈý½ÇÐΣ»1mol¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐ2mol̼Çâ¦Ò¼ü£¬1mol̼Ñõ¦Ò¼ü£¬¹Êº¬ÓЦҼüµÄÊýĿΪ3NA£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºsp2ÔÓ»¯£»Æ½ÃæÈý½ÇÐΣ»3NA£»
£¨4£©A£®ÑõÔ×Ó²¢²»¶¼ÊÇsp3ÔÓ»¯£¬¸Ã½á¹¹ÖеÄÑõÔ×Ó²¿·Ö±¥ºÍ£¬²¿·Ö²»±¥ºÍ£¬ÔÓ»¯·½Ê½²»Í¬£®´ÓÏÖ´úÎïÖʽṹÀíÂÛ³ö·¢£¬ÁòËá¸ùÀë×ÓÖÐSºÍ·ÇôÇ»ùOÖ®¼ä³ýÁËÐγÉ1¸ö¦Ò¼üÖ®Í⣬»¹ÐγÉÁË·´À¡¦Ð¼ü£®ÐγɦмüµÄµç×Ó²»ÄÜ´¦ÓÚÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀÉÏ£¬O±ØÐë±£Áôδ¾ÔÓ»¯µÄp¹ìµÀ£¬¾Í²»¿ÉÄÜÊÇsp3ÔÓ»¯£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B£®ÔÚÉÏÊö½á¹¹Ê¾ÒâͼÖУ¬´æÔÚO¡úCuÅäλ¼ü£¬H-O¡¢S-O¹²¼Û¼üºÍCu¡¢OÀë×Ó¼ü£¬¹ÊBÕýÈ·£»
C£®µ¨·¯ÊÇÎåË®ÁòËáÍ£¬µ¨·¯ÊÇÓÉË®ºÏÍÀë×Ó¼°ÁòËá¸ùÀë×Ó¹¹³ÉµÄ£¬ÊôÓÚÀë×Ó¾§Ì壬¹ÊC´íÎó£»
D£®ÓÉÓÚµ¨·¯¾§ÌåÖÐË®Á½À࣬һÀàÊÇÐγÉÅäÌåµÄË®·Ö×Ó£¬Ò»ÀàÊÇÐγÉÇâ¼üµÄË®·Ö×Ó£¬½áºÏÉÏÓÐ×Ų»Í¬£¬Òò´ËÊÜÈÈʱҲ»áÒòζȲ»Í¬¶øµÃµ½²»Í¬µÄ²úÎ¹ÊDÕýÈ·£®
¹ÊÑ¡BD£®
£¨2£©ÒÀ¾ÝµÈµç×ÓÔÀí£¬¿ÉÖªCOÓëN2ΪµÈµç×ÓÌ壬N2·Ö×ӵĽṹʽΪN¡ÔN£¬»¥ÎªµÈµç×ÓÌå·Ö×ӵĽṹÏàËÆ£¬ÔòCOµÄ½á¹¹Ê½ÎªC¡ÔO£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºC¡ÔO£»
£¨3£©¢Ù¼×´¼·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÁË·Ö×Ó¼äÇâ¼ü£¬¼×È©·Ö×Ó¼äÖ»ÊÇ·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦£¬¶øûÓÐÐγÉÇâ¼ü£¬¹Ê¼×´¼µÄ·Ðµã¸ß£»¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º¼×´¼·Ö×ÓÖ®¼äÐγÉÇâ¼ü£»
¢Ú¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐ̼ÑõË«¼ü£¬¹²ÓÐ3¸ö¦Ò¼ü£¬Ôò̼Ô×Ó¹ìµÀµÄÔÓ»¯ÀàÐÍΪsp2ÔÓ»¯£»Òò¼×È©ÖÐ̼Ô×Ó²ÉÈ¡sp2ÔÓ»¯£¬Ôò·Ö×ӵĿռ乹ÐÍΪƽÃæÈý½ÇÐΣ»1mol¼×È©·Ö×ÓÖк¬ÓÐ2mol̼Çâ¦Ò¼ü£¬1mol̼Ñõ¦Ò¼ü£¬¹Êº¬ÓЦҼüµÄÊýĿΪ3NA£»
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºsp2ÔÓ»¯£»Æ½ÃæÈý½ÇÐΣ»3NA£»
£¨4£©A£®ÑõÔ×Ó²¢²»¶¼ÊÇsp3ÔÓ»¯£¬¸Ã½á¹¹ÖеÄÑõÔ×Ó²¿·Ö±¥ºÍ£¬²¿·Ö²»±¥ºÍ£¬ÔÓ»¯·½Ê½²»Í¬£®´ÓÏÖ´úÎïÖʽṹÀíÂÛ³ö·¢£¬ÁòËá¸ùÀë×ÓÖÐSºÍ·ÇôÇ»ùOÖ®¼ä³ýÁËÐγÉ1¸ö¦Ò¼üÖ®Í⣬»¹ÐγÉÁË·´À¡¦Ð¼ü£®ÐγɦмüµÄµç×Ó²»ÄÜ´¦ÓÚÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀÉÏ£¬O±ØÐë±£Áôδ¾ÔÓ»¯µÄp¹ìµÀ£¬¾Í²»¿ÉÄÜÊÇsp3ÔÓ»¯£¬¹ÊA´íÎó£»
B£®ÔÚÉÏÊö½á¹¹Ê¾ÒâͼÖУ¬´æÔÚO¡úCuÅäλ¼ü£¬H-O¡¢S-O¹²¼Û¼üºÍCu¡¢OÀë×Ó¼ü£¬¹ÊBÕýÈ·£»
C£®µ¨·¯ÊÇÎåË®ÁòËáÍ£¬µ¨·¯ÊÇÓÉË®ºÏÍÀë×Ó¼°ÁòËá¸ùÀë×Ó¹¹³ÉµÄ£¬ÊôÓÚÀë×Ó¾§Ì壬¹ÊC´íÎó£»
D£®ÓÉÓÚµ¨·¯¾§ÌåÖÐË®Á½À࣬һÀàÊÇÐγÉÅäÌåµÄË®·Ö×Ó£¬Ò»ÀàÊÇÐγÉÇâ¼üµÄË®·Ö×Ó£¬½áºÏÉÏÓÐ×Ų»Í¬£¬Òò´ËÊÜÈÈʱҲ»áÒòζȲ»Í¬¶øµÃµ½²»Í¬µÄ²úÎ¹ÊDÕýÈ·£®
¹ÊÑ¡BD£®
µãÆÀ£º±¾ÌâÖ÷Òª¿¼²éºËÍâµç×ÓÅŲ¼Ê½¡¢µÈµç×ÓÌåÔÀí¡¢·Ö×Ó¼ä×÷ÓÃÁ¦¡¢ÔÓ»¯¹ìµÀ¡¢¹²¼Û¼üÀàÐÍ¡¢·Ö×ÓµÄƽÃæ¹¹ÐÍ£¬×¢ÖØÁ˶ÔÎïÖʽṹÖг£¿¼¿¼µãµÄ×ۺϣ¬Ñ§ÉúÒ×´íµãÔÚµç×ÓÅŲ¼ÖÐ3dÓë4sµÄÊéдÉϼ°ÔÓ»¯ÀàÐ͵ÄÅжÏÉÏ£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿