ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
Èçͼ1ËùʾÊǹ¤ÒµÉú²úÏõËáµÄÁ÷³Ì£º
ºÏ³ÉËþÖÐÄÚÖÃÌú´¥Ã½£¬Ñõ»¯Â¯ÖÐÄÚÖÃPt-RhºÏ½ðÍø£®Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©1909Ä껯ѧ¼Ò¹þ²®ÔÚʵÑéÊÒÊ״κϳÉÁË°±£®2007Ä껯ѧ¼Ò¸ñ¹þµÂ?°£ÌضûÔÚ¹þ²®Ñо¿Ëù֤ʵÁËÇâÆøÓ뵪ÆøÔÚ¹ÌÌå´ß»¯¼Á±íÃæºÏ³É°±µÄ·´Ó¦¹ý³Ì£¬Ê¾ÒâÈçͼ2Ëùʾ£®¡¢¡¢·Ö±ð±íʾN2¡¢H2¡¢NH3£®Í¼¢Ý±íʾÉú³ÉµÄNH3À뿪´ß»¯¼Á±íÃ棬ͼ¢ÚºÍͼ¢ÛµÄº¬Òå·Ö±ðÊÇ
£¨2£©ºÏ³É°±·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪN2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?2NH3£¨g£©£¬Ð´³ö¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£Êý±í´ïʽK=
£¨3£©ÒÑÖª£º4NH3£¨g£©+3O2£¨g£©=2N2£¨g£©+6H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-1 266.8kJ/mol
N2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©=2NO£¨g£©¡÷H=+1 80.5kJ/mol£¬°±´ß»¯Ñõ»¯µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ
£¨4£©ÎüÊÕËþÖÐͨÈë¿ÕÆøµÄÄ¿µÄÊÇ
ºÏ³ÉËþÖÐÄÚÖÃÌú´¥Ã½£¬Ñõ»¯Â¯ÖÐÄÚÖÃPt-RhºÏ½ðÍø£®Çë»Ø´ðÏÂÁÐÎÊÌ⣺
£¨1£©1909Ä껯ѧ¼Ò¹þ²®ÔÚʵÑéÊÒÊ״κϳÉÁË°±£®2007Ä껯ѧ¼Ò¸ñ¹þµÂ?°£ÌضûÔÚ¹þ²®Ñо¿Ëù֤ʵÁËÇâÆøÓ뵪ÆøÔÚ¹ÌÌå´ß»¯¼Á±íÃæºÏ³É°±µÄ·´Ó¦¹ý³Ì£¬Ê¾ÒâÈçͼ2Ëùʾ£®¡¢¡¢·Ö±ð±íʾN2¡¢H2¡¢NH3£®Í¼¢Ý±íʾÉú³ÉµÄNH3À뿪´ß»¯¼Á±íÃ棬ͼ¢ÚºÍͼ¢ÛµÄº¬Òå·Ö±ðÊÇ
ͼ¢Ú±íʾN2¡¢H2±»Îü¸½ÔÚ´ß»¯¼Á±íÃ棬ͼ¢Û±íʾÔÚ´ß»¯¼Á±íÃ棬N2¡¢H2Öл¯Ñ§¼ü¶ÏÁÑ
ͼ¢Ú±íʾN2¡¢H2±»Îü¸½ÔÚ´ß»¯¼Á±íÃ棬ͼ¢Û±íʾÔÚ´ß»¯¼Á±íÃ棬N2¡¢H2Öл¯Ñ§¼ü¶ÏÁÑ
£®£¨2£©ºÏ³É°±·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪN2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?2NH3£¨g£©£¬Ð´³ö¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£Êý±í´ïʽK=
K=
£»
c2(NH3) |
c(N2)£®c3(H2) |
K=
£»
£®ÔÚÒ»¶¨Î¶ȺÍѹǿÏ£¬½«H2 ºÍN2 °´3£º1£¨Ìå»ýÖ®±È£©»ìºÏºó½øÈëºÏ³ÉËþ£¬·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâʱ£¬Æ½ºâ»ìºÏÆøÖÐNH3 µÄÌå»ý·ÖÊýΪ15%£¬´ËʱH2 µÄת»¯ÂÊΪc2(NH3) |
c(N2)£®c3(H2) |
26%
26%
£®£¨3£©ÒÑÖª£º4NH3£¨g£©+3O2£¨g£©=2N2£¨g£©+6H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-1 266.8kJ/mol
N2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©=2NO£¨g£©¡÷H=+1 80.5kJ/mol£¬°±´ß»¯Ñõ»¯µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽΪ
4NH3£¨g£©+5O2£¨g£©=4NO£¨g£©+6H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-905.8kJ/mol
4NH3£¨g£©+5O2£¨g£©=4NO£¨g£©+6H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-905.8kJ/mol
£®£¨4£©ÎüÊÕËþÖÐͨÈë¿ÕÆøµÄÄ¿µÄÊÇ
ʹNOÑ»·ÀûÓã¬È«²¿×ª»¯³ÉÏõËá
ʹNOÑ»·ÀûÓã¬È«²¿×ª»¯³ÉÏõËá
£®·ÖÎö£º£¨1£©¡¢Í¼¢ÚÊDZíʾN2¡¢H2±»Îü¸½ÔÚ´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ±íÃ棻ͼ¢ÛÔò±íʾÔÚ´ß»¯¼Á±íÃ棬N2¡¢H2ÖеĻ¯Ñ§¼ü¶ÏÁÑ£»
£¨2£©¡¢¢Ù»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£ÊýÊÇ£ºÔÚÌض¨ÎïÀíÌõ¼þÏ£¨Èçζȡ¢Ñ¹Á¦¡¢ÈܼÁÐÔÖÊ¡¢Àë×ÓÇ¿¶ÈµÈ£©£¬¿ÉÄ滯ѧ·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬ʱÉú³ÉÎïÓë·´Ó¦ÎïµÄŨ¶È±È»ò·´Ó¦ÎïÓë·´Ó¦²úÎïµÄŨ¶È±È£®Ó÷ûºÅ¡°K¡±±íʾ£»
¢Ú¸ù¾Ý·´Ó¦·½³Ìʽ N2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?2NH3£¨g£©£¬Éè²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦µÄÇâÆøµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿xmol£¬Ô»ìºÏÆøÌåÖÐ H2 ºÍN2 °´3£º1£¨Ìå»ýÖ®±È£©»ìºÏ£¬ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈÒ²ÊÇ3£º1£¬ÉèÇâÆø3nmol£¬µªÆønmol£¬ÁÐʽÇóËã¼´¿É£»
£¨3£©¡¢ÀûÓøÇ˹¶¨ÂÉ£¬°ÑµÚ¶þ¸öÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÁ½±ßÀ©´ó2±¶£¬È»ºóÁ½¸ö·½³ÌʽÏà¼Ó¾Í¿ÉÒԵõ½°±´ß»¯Ñõ»¯µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£»
£¨4£©¡¢Í¨Èë¿ÕÆø£¬Ìṩ³ä×ãµÄÑõÆø£¬ÒÔ±ãʹNOÄܹ»Ñ»·ÀûÓã¬È«²¿×ª»¯³ÉÏõËᣮ
£¨2£©¡¢¢Ù»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£ÊýÊÇ£ºÔÚÌض¨ÎïÀíÌõ¼þÏ£¨Èçζȡ¢Ñ¹Á¦¡¢ÈܼÁÐÔÖÊ¡¢Àë×ÓÇ¿¶ÈµÈ£©£¬¿ÉÄ滯ѧ·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬ʱÉú³ÉÎïÓë·´Ó¦ÎïµÄŨ¶È±È»ò·´Ó¦ÎïÓë·´Ó¦²úÎïµÄŨ¶È±È£®Ó÷ûºÅ¡°K¡±±íʾ£»
¢Ú¸ù¾Ý·´Ó¦·½³Ìʽ N2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?2NH3£¨g£©£¬Éè²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦µÄÇâÆøµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿xmol£¬Ô»ìºÏÆøÌåÖÐ H2 ºÍN2 °´3£º1£¨Ìå»ýÖ®±È£©»ìºÏ£¬ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈÒ²ÊÇ3£º1£¬ÉèÇâÆø3nmol£¬µªÆønmol£¬ÁÐʽÇóËã¼´¿É£»
£¨3£©¡¢ÀûÓøÇ˹¶¨ÂÉ£¬°ÑµÚ¶þ¸öÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³ÌʽÁ½±ßÀ©´ó2±¶£¬È»ºóÁ½¸ö·½³ÌʽÏà¼Ó¾Í¿ÉÒԵõ½°±´ß»¯Ñõ»¯µÄÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ£»
£¨4£©¡¢Í¨Èë¿ÕÆø£¬Ìṩ³ä×ãµÄÑõÆø£¬ÒÔ±ãʹNOÄܹ»Ñ»·ÀûÓã¬È«²¿×ª»¯³ÉÏõËᣮ
½â´ð£º½â£º£¨1£©¡¢·ÖÎöÌâÖÐͼ¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀ£¬Í¼¢Ú±íʾN2¡¢H2±»Îü¸½ÔÚ´ß»¯¼Á±íÃ棬¶øͼ¢Û±íʾÔÚ´ß»¯¼Á±íÃ棬N2¡¢H2Öл¯Ñ§¼ü¶ÏÁÑ£¬¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÍ¼¢Ú±íʾN2¡¢H2±»Îü¸½ÔÚ´ß»¯¼Á±íÃ棬ͼ¢Û±íʾÔÚ´ß»¯¼Á±íÃ棬N2¡¢H2Öл¯Ñ§¼ü¶ÏÁÑ£»
£¨2£©¡¢»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£ÊýÊÇ£ºÔÚÌض¨ÎïÀíÌõ¼þÏ£¨Èçζȡ¢Ñ¹Á¦¡¢ÈܼÁÐÔÖÊ¡¢Àë×ÓÇ¿¶ÈµÈ£©£¬¿ÉÄ滯ѧ·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬ʱÉú³ÉÎïÓë·´Ó¦ÎïµÄŨ¶È±È»ò·´Ó¦ÎïÓë·´Ó¦²úÎïµÄŨ¶È±È£®¸ù¾ÝÒÔÉϸÅÄî¿ÉÒÔд³ö¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£Êý±í´ïʽ K=
£¬Óз´Ó¦·½³Ìʽ£ºN2£¨g£©+3H2£¨g£©?2NH3£¨g£©£¬Éè²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦µÄÇâÆøµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿xmol£¬Ô»ìºÏÆøÌåÖÐ H2 ºÍN2 °´3£º1£¨Ìå»ýÖ®±È£©»ìºÏ£¬ÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ö®±ÈÒ²ÊÇ3£º1£¬ÉèÇâÆø3nmol£¬µªÆønmol£¬Ôò²Î¼Ó·´Ó¦µÄµªÆøµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îªx/3mol£¬Éú³ÉµÄ°±ÆøΪ2x/3mol£¬ÁÐʽ£º
=15%£¬½âµÃx¡Ö0.78nmol£¬H2 µÄת»¯ÂÊΪ£º0.78nmol¡Â3nmol¡Á100%=26%£¬
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºK=
£» 26%£»
£¨3£©¡¢ÒÑÖª£º4NH3£¨g£©+3O2£¨g£©=2N2£¨g£©+6H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-1 266.8kJ/mol ¢Ù
N2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©=2NO£¨g£©¡÷H=+1 80.5kJ/mol ¢Ú
¢Ù+¢Ú¡Á2µÃ£º4NH3£¨g£©+5O2£¨g£©=4NO£¨g£©+6H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-905.8kJ/mol
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4NH3£¨g£©+5O2£¨g£©=4NO£¨g£©+6H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-905.8kJ/mol£»
£¨4£©¡¢²»¶ÏͨÈë¿ÕÆø£¬Ìṩ³ä×ãµÄÑõÆø£¬ÒÔ±ãʹNOÑ»·ÀûÓã¬È«²¿×ª»¯³ÉÏõËᣮ
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÊ¹NOÑ»·ÀûÓã¬È«²¿×ª»¯³ÉÏõËᣮ
£¨2£©¡¢»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£ÊýÊÇ£ºÔÚÌض¨ÎïÀíÌõ¼þÏ£¨Èçζȡ¢Ñ¹Á¦¡¢ÈܼÁÐÔÖÊ¡¢Àë×ÓÇ¿¶ÈµÈ£©£¬¿ÉÄ滯ѧ·´Ó¦´ïµ½Æ½ºâ״̬ʱÉú³ÉÎïÓë·´Ó¦ÎïµÄŨ¶È±È»ò·´Ó¦ÎïÓë·´Ó¦²úÎïµÄŨ¶È±È£®¸ù¾ÝÒÔÉϸÅÄî¿ÉÒÔд³ö¸Ã·´Ó¦µÄ»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£Êý±í´ïʽ K=
c2(NH3) |
c(N2)£®c3(H2) |
2X/3 |
n-x/3+3n-x+2x/3 |
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºK=
c2(NH3) |
c(N2)£®c3(H2) |
£¨3£©¡¢ÒÑÖª£º4NH3£¨g£©+3O2£¨g£©=2N2£¨g£©+6H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-1 266.8kJ/mol ¢Ù
N2£¨g£©+O2£¨g£©=2NO£¨g£©¡÷H=+1 80.5kJ/mol ¢Ú
¢Ù+¢Ú¡Á2µÃ£º4NH3£¨g£©+5O2£¨g£©=4NO£¨g£©+6H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-905.8kJ/mol
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£º4NH3£¨g£©+5O2£¨g£©=4NO£¨g£©+6H2O£¨g£©¡÷H=-905.8kJ/mol£»
£¨4£©¡¢²»¶ÏͨÈë¿ÕÆø£¬Ìṩ³ä×ãµÄÑõÆø£¬ÒÔ±ãʹNOÑ»·ÀûÓã¬È«²¿×ª»¯³ÉÏõËᣮ
¹Ê´ð°¸Îª£ºÊ¹NOÑ»·ÀûÓã¬È«²¿×ª»¯³ÉÏõËᣮ
µãÆÀ£º±¾ÌâÒÔÏõËáµÄ¹¤ÒµÖƱ¸Îª±³¾°£¬×ۺϿ¼²é¶Ô»¯Ñ§·´Ó¦Öл¯Ñ§¼ü±ä»¯¡¢ÈÈ»¯Ñ§·½³Ìʽ¡¢»¯Ñ§Æ½ºâ³£Êý¡¢×ª»¯ÂʼÆËãµÈ¿¼µãÒÔ¼°¶ÔͼÐεĹ۲ìÄÜÁ¦¡¢ÍÆÀíÄÜÁ¦£®
Á·Ï°²áϵÁдð°¸
Ïà¹ØÌâÄ¿