ÌâÄ¿ÄÚÈÝ
¡¾ÌâÄ¿¡¿ÔÚ200mLº¬Mg2+¡¢Al3+¡¢NH4+¡¢H+¡¢Cl-µÈÀë×ÓµÄÈÜÒºÖУ¬ÖðµÎ¼ÓÈë5mol¡¤L-1µÄÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒº£¬Ëù¼ÓÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ý(mL)Óë²úÉú³ÁµíµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¨mol£©¹ØϵÈçÏÂͼËùʾ£º
Çë»Ø´ð£º
£¨1£©xÓëyµÄ²îֵΪ_____________mol¡£
£¨2£©ÔÈÜÒºµÄpH=_____________¡£
£¨3£©ÔÈÜÒºÖÐn(Mg2+)¡Ãn(Al3+)=_____________¡£
£¨4£©ÔÈÜÒºÖÐc(Cl-)=______________mol¡¤L-1¡£
£¨5£©Ð´³öËù¼ÓÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ý33¡«35mL·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³Ìʽ_____________¡£
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿ 0.01 1 5¡Ã1 0.825 Al(OH)3 + OH+ = AlO2-+ 2H2O
¡¾½âÎö¡¿£¨1£©ÓÉͼÏó¿ÉÖª£¬xÓëyµÄ²îÖµ¼´ÎªAl£¨OH£©3µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿£¬ÓÉAl£¨OH£©3+NaOH=NaAlO2+2H2O£¬NaOHµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£¨35-33£©mL¡Á10-3L¡Á5molL-1=0.01mol£¬¼´Al£¨OH£©3µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Ò²Îª0.01mol¡££¨2£©0¡«4mL·¢ÉúH+ÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵķ´Ó¦£¬ÔòH+µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª4mL¡Á10-3L¡Á5molL-1=0.02mol£¬c£¨H+£©===0.1mol/L£¬ÔÈÜÒºµÄpH=1£»£¨3£©ÓÉAl3+¡«Al£¨OH£©3£¬Ôòn£¨Al3+£©=0.01mol£¬4¡«30mL·¢ÉúMg2+¡¢Al3+ÓëÇâÑõ»¯ÄƵķ´Ó¦Éú³É³Áµí£¬¹²ÏûºÄNaOHµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª£¨30-4£©mL¡Á10-3L¡Á5molL-1=0.13mol£¬Al3+ÏûºÄµÄNaOHµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª0.01mol¡Á3=0.03mol£¬ÔòÓëMg2+·´Ó¦µÄNaOHµÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª0.13mol-0.03mol=0.1mol£¬ÓÉMg2++2OH-¨TMg£¨OH£©2¡ý£¬n£¨Mg2+£©=0.05mol£¬ÔÈÜÒºÖÐn£¨Mg2+£©£ºn£¨Al3+£©=5£º1£»£¨4£©ÈÜÒºÖеÄÒõÀë×ÓÖ»ÓÐCl-£¬Ôò¼ÓÈë33mLNaOHÈÜҺʱCl-È«²¿´æÔÚÓÚNaClÖУ¬ÔòCl-µÄÎïÖʵÄÁ¿Îª33mL¡Á10-3L¡Á5molL-1=0.165mol£¬ÔÈÜÒºÖÐc£¨Cl-£©==0.825mol/L£»£¨5£©¼ÓÇâÑõ»¯ÄÆÈÜÒºµÄÌå»ý33¡«35mL·¢Éú·´Ó¦µÄÀë×Ó·½³ÌʽAl(OH)3 + OH+ = AlO2-+ 2H2O¡£