题目内容

【题目】读甲、乙、丙三幅图,完成下列各题。

(1)丙图中能正确反映A、B两地降水特征的点分别是_________和_________。

(2)A、B两地中,地质灾害严重的是_________,试分析其地质灾害的主要类型和形成原因。

(3)A、B两地中,自然灾害较少的是________。其自然灾害较少的原因是什么?

【答案】

(1) (4分)

(2)A (2分) 主要类型:地震、火山、滑坡、泥石流。(2分)原因:地处板块碰撞的交界地带,地壳活动频繁;地势起伏,坡度较陡;降水集中,植被较少(4分)。

(3)B(2分) 属温带海洋性气候,降水年内分配均匀,少旱灾;远离热带气旋生成地,少台风灾害;处于板块内部,地壳比较稳定(4分)

【解析】

试题分析:

(1)结合经纬线分析甲图可知,A 区域位于南纬36°-38°之间南美大陆西岸,为地中海气候;B区域位于北纬49°-50°之间欧洲大陆西岸,为温带海洋性气候。分析丙图各点数据可知,地最冷月多雨,最热月少雨,高温期和多雨期相反,为地中海气候;地最冷月、最热月降水相当,表明降水较均与,均在50mm以上,为温带海洋性气候。分别为季风气候和热带雨林气候。

(2)A区域位于南美智利境内,安第斯山山地丘陵地区。因为地处美洲板块与南极洲板块板块碰撞的交界地带,地壳活动频繁,多地震、火山活动;地震活动使得岩石断裂,更加破碎;夏季光热强,风化作用显著;又由于地势起伏大,坡度较陡,重力作用强;降水集中,植被较少,山区易发洪水,导致滑坡、泥石流多发。

(3)欧洲西部从地理位置、地形、大气环流状况等方面分析可知其形成自然灾害的机率低。从地理位置看,欧洲西部远离板块边界,处于板块内部,地壳比较稳定,不易发生地震、火山活动;远离热带、副热带海区,距热带气旋生成地远,少台风灾害。常年受西风气流影响,属温带海洋性气候,降水年内分配均匀,少旱灾。以平原地形为主,不会发生滑坡、泥石流灾害。

温度带

形 成 原 因

气 候 特 点

分 布 规

热带雨林气候

常年受赤道低气压带控制

全年高温多雨

南北纬10°之间

热带草原气候

受赤道低气压带和信风带交替控制

全年高温,分明显的干湿两季

南北纬10°到南北回归线之间

热带季风气候

气压带风带的季节移动和海陆热力性质差异

全年高温,旱雨两季分明

北纬10°到北回归线之间的大陆东岸

热带沙漠气候

常年受副热带高气压带和信风带控制

全年高温少雨

南北回归线-南北纬30°之间的大陆内部和西岸

亚热带

亚热带季风气候和季风性湿润气候

海陆热力性质差异

夏季高温多雨,冬季温和少雨

南北纬25°-35°之间的大陆东岸

地中海气候

受副热带高气压带和西风带交替控制

夏季炎热干燥,冬季温和多雨

南北纬30°-40°之间的大陆西岸

温带

温带海洋性气候

终年受西风带控制

终年温和多雨

南北纬40°-60°之间的大陆西岸

温带季风气候

海陆热力性质差异

夏季高温多雨,冬季寒冷干燥

北纬35°-55°之间的大陆东岸

温带大陆性气候

深居大陆内部,受大陆气团影响

冬季严寒,夏季炎热,全年干旱少雨

南北纬30°-60°之间的大陆内部

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【题目】【2015·陕西】C

The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of, certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the world’s ecological balance.

On a local level, the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the area’s birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special(物种) that depend on the trees’ flowers and fruits. Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result, many special are quickly dying out.

On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffee fields also threatens(威胁)human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests' plant and animal life, and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases. In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.

Both locally and globally, the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations (种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology. The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the world's climate, and studies show that loss of oxygen-giving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming. Moreover, the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的) soil conditions.

It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects many aspects of life, from the local environment to the global ecology. But consumers do have a choice. They can purchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible, although at a higher cost. The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.

1What can we learn about full-sun coffee production from Paragraph 4?

A. It limits the spread of new growing techniques.

B. It leads to air pollution and global warming.

C. It slows down the loss of shade trees.

D. It improves local soil conditions.

2The purpose of the text is to .

A. entertain B. advertise C. instruct D. persuade

3Where does this text probably come from ?

A. An agricultural magazine.

B. A medical journal.

C. An engineering textbook.

D. A tourist guide.

4Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?

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